Take, put, cost, call, enough

Stage 4General verbsChunk 17 of 27 · items 440–445 of 484

Wide-reach light verbs whose meaning comes from the object: toru (take, pass, get), dasu (put out, take out, hand in, pay) and its opposite ireru (put in, include, make tea), kakaru (time or money it takes), kakeru (cause trouble, call, spend, put on), plus tariru for whether what you have is enough.

Mix-ups

'It takes an hour' is kakaru, not toru; kakaru (it takes, ga) and kakeru (spend, call, o) are an intransitive/transitive pair: jikan ga kakaru vs jikan o kakeru. dasu is likewise the transitive partner of deru, and ireru of hairu: uchi o deta (I left home) vs gomi o dashita (I put the trash out), heya ni haitta (I went in) vs kaban ni ireta (I put it in the bag). kakaru says how much something takes and tariru whether you have that much (kekkou kakaru kedo, okane tariru?).

toru

polite torimasudrama rank #228

take; get; pass

取る とるPlay 取りますPlay

Picking up or passing things (sore totte), plus light-verb uses for taking a break, a photo, a seat or a licence (yasumi o toru, shashin toru).

casualPlay

chotto sore totte.

Can you pass me that?

ちょっとそれ取って。

politePlay

sumimasen, sore totte kudasai.

Excuse me, could you pass me that?

すみません、それ取ってください。

totte (take) vs tootte (pass through) differ only in vowel length.

Learn first: -te

kakaru

polite kakarimasudrama rank #385

take (time); cost (money)

かかるPlay かかりますPlay

How much time or money something takes (jikan ga kakaru, dore kurai kakaru?), and also incoming calls and locks being on.

casualPlay

dore kurai kakaru?

How long will it take?

どれくらいかかる？

politePlay

dore kurai kakarimasu ka?

How long will it take?

どれくらいかかりますか？

Intransitive partner of kakeru: jikan ga kakaru (it takes) / jikan o kakeru (spend).

Learn alongside: kakeru

kakeru

polite kakemasudrama rank #244

cause (trouble); call; spend; put on

かけるPlay かけますPlay

Causing trouble (meiwaku o kakeru), phoning (denwa o kakeru), spending time, locking, and putting on glasses or sauce.

casualPlay

meiwaku kakete gomen ne.

Sorry for the trouble.

迷惑かけてごめんね。

politePlay

meiwaku o kakete sumimasen.

Sorry for causing you trouble.

迷惑をかけてすみません。

For phoning, casual talk more often says denwa suru: ato de denwa suru ne.

Learn alongside: kakaru

dasu

polite dashimasudrama rank #163

put out; take out; hand in; pay

出す だすPlay 出しますPlay

Puts or takes something out, with it marked by o (gomi dasu, saifu dasu, shukudai dasu), covers paying (kyou wa watashi ga dasu yo = I'll get this today), and builds set phrases like genki dashite (cheer up) and koe dasu (speak up).

casualPlay

kesa gomi dashita?

Did you put the trash out this morning?

今朝ゴミ出した？

politePlay

kesa gomi o dashimashita ka?

Did you put the trash out this morning?

今朝ゴミを出しましたか？

After a verb stem it means 'start to': ame ga furidashita = it started raining.

Learn alongside: deruLearn first: deru

ireru

polite iremasudrama rank #222

put in; include; make (tea); turn on

入れる いれるPlay 入れますPlay

Puts something into something else, with the thing marked by o and the place by ni (kaban ni ireru); it also covers making tea or coffee, letting someone into a group or plan (watashi mo irete), and switching something on.

casualPlay

koohii ni satou ireru?

Do you take sugar in your coffee?

コーヒーに砂糖入れる？

politePlay

koohii ni osatou iremasu ka?

Would you like sugar in your coffee?

コーヒーにお砂糖入れますか？

Ichidan (irete, ireta), unlike its godan partner hairu (haitte, haitta).

Learn alongside: hairuLearn first: hairu

tariru

polite tarimasudrama rank #764*

be enough (tarinai: not enough)

足りる たりるPlay 足りますPlay

Says whether there's enough money, time, food or people, with the thing marked by ga; you mostly hear it as tarinai (not enough) and in the question tariru? (kore de tariru?).

casualPlay

jikan zenzen tarinai.

There's nowhere near enough time.

時間全然足りない。

politePlay

jikan ga zenzen tarimasen.

There's nowhere near enough time.

時間が全然足りません。

Also means 'short of' or 'missing': hitori tarinai = we're one person short. 'That's enough!' / 'no more, thanks' is mou ii, not tariru.

Learn first: -nai