Ready and how long
Collocations, Stage 2chunk 19 of 24Time, money & plans
Getting things done: are you ready, it takes a while, time's gone by, it's a hassle.
- junbi ga dekirube ready
- jikan ga kakarutake time
- jikan ga tatsutime passes
- tema ga kakarutake work, be a hassle
Mix-ups kakaru vs tatsu: ichinen kakatta = it took a year, ichinen tatta = a year has gone by; tema ga kakaru is effort, not minutes. Readiness is asked in the past (junbi dekita?), never junbi dekiru?.
junbi ga dekiru
polite junbi ga dekimasube ready
準備ができる じゅんびができる 準備ができます
verbdekiru できるbe able to; come into being, get donetypical 36% of junbi
trap English asks 'are you ready?' in the present. Japanese asks whether it is done: junbi dekita? or junbi dekiteru?. junbi dekiru? means 'can you get ready?'. Casual junbi ii? also works.
Asked and answered in the past: junbi dekita? / dekita yo / mou chotto. junbi dekitara oshiete = let me know when you're ready.
mou junbi dekita?
Are you ready yet?
もう準備できた？
mou junbi dekimashita ka?
Are you ready yet?
もう準備できましたか？
Getting ready yourself is junbi suru; junbi ga dekiru is being done with it. The main list's dekiru already covers 'be ready'; the new point is asking in the past: junbi dekita?
Same verb: gohan (a meal: gohan dekita yo), shitaku (getting ready; sounds a bit old-fashioned or parental)Main list: dekiru (Stage 1)
jikan ga kakaru
polite jikan ga kakarimasutake time
時間がかかる じかんがかかる 時間がかかります
verbkakaru かかるbe hung on or applied; of time or money: be needed, be used uptypical 13% of jikan
trap English 'take' leads to toru, but jikan o toru mostly means making time for someone (jikan totte kurete arigatou). How long something takes is kakaru.
Said about how long anything takes, often with an amount in place of jikan: eki made juppun kakaru, dore gurai kakaru?. On its own, jikan kakaru means 'it takes a while'.
kore, kekkou jikan kakaru yo
This takes quite a while.
これ、けっこう時間かかるよ
kore wa kekkou jikan ga kakarimasu yo
This takes quite a while.
これはけっこう時間がかかりますよ
jikan o kakeru = spend time on something on purpose (jikan kakete tsukutta). tema ga kakaru is the same frame for effort: it's a hassle.
Same verb: sanjuppun (thirty minutes), ichinichi (a whole day)Learn alongside: shawaa o abiru, ofuro ni hairu, shashin o toru, kusuri o nomu, jikan ga tatsu, tema ga kakaru, onsen ni hairu (Stage 3), jikan o toru (Stage 4)Main list: kakaru (Stage 4), jikan (Stage 4), toru (Stage 4), kakeru (Stage 4)
jikan ga tatsu
polite jikan ga tachimasutime passes
時間が経つ じかんがたつ 時間が経ちます
verbtatsu 経つof time: pass, go by (sounds the same as tatsu 'stand')typical 2% of jikan
trap 'It's been a year' is ichinen tatta, not kakatta, which means 'it took a year'. For 'pass', use tatsu or sugiru, not tooru (pass through).
Mostly in the past, about time that has gone by: mou ichinen tatta (it's already been a year). The fixed remark is jikan tatsu no hayai ne (time flies).
jikan tatsu no hayai ne
Time flies, doesn't it.
時間経つの早いね
jikan ga tatsu no wa hayai desu ne
Time flies, doesn't it.
時間が経つのは早いですね
ichinen kakatta = it took a year; ichinen tatta = a year has gone by.
Same verb: ichinen (a year), mikka (three days)Learn alongside: shawaa o abiru, ofuro ni hairu, shashin o toru, kusuri o nomu, jikan ga kakaru, tema ga kakaru, onsen ni hairu (Stage 3), jikan o toru (Stage 4)Main list: jikan (Stage 4), kakaru (Stage 4), mou (Stage 1), hayai (Stage 3)
tema ga kakaru
polite tema ga kakarimasutake work, be a hassle
手間がかかる てまがかかる 手間がかかります
verbkakaru かかるbe hung on or applied; of time, money or effort: be needed, be used uptypical 13% of tema
trap English 'it takes a lot of effort' leads to doryoku, which is effort as in trying hard. A chore that's fiddly or slow is tema ga kakaru, with the same kakaru as jikan ga kakaru.
Said about cooking, chores and paperwork that eat up effort: kore, kekkou tema kakaru n da yo. Before a noun, ga becomes no: tema no kakaru ryouri (a fiddly dish).
kono ryouri, kekkou tema kakaru n da.
This dish takes quite a bit of work.
この料理、けっこう手間かかるんだ。
kono ryouri wa kekkou tema ga kakaru n desu.
This dish takes quite a bit of work.
この料理はけっこう手間がかかるんです。
tema o kakeru is going to the trouble on purpose: tema kakete tsukutta. Apologising for someone's trouble: otesuu o okake shimashita.
Learn alongside: shawaa o abiru, ofuro ni hairu, shashin o toru, kusuri o nomu, jikan ga kakaru, jikan ga tatsu, onsen ni hairu (Stage 3), jikan o toru (Stage 4)Main list: kakaru (Stage 4), kakeru (Stage 4), kekkou (Stage 1), taihen (Stage 3)