Sun and moon
Collocations, Stage 3chunk 23 of 23Weather & nature
What the sky does through the day: it gets dark, the sun comes up and goes down, the moon comes out.
- hi ga kureruit gets dark (evening)
- hi ga noboruthe sun rises, comes up
- hi ga shizumuthe sun sets, goes down
- tsuki ga deruthe moon comes out
Mix-ups hi ga shizumu (the sun sinks) and hi ga kureru (the day closes) both mean evening: shizumu is the sun itself, kureru is the light going, and it isn't kureru 'give'. The sun noboru (climbs) but the moon usually deru (comes out), like a person going out.
hi ga kureru
polite hi ga kuremasuit gets dark (evening)
日が暮れる ひがくれる 日が暮れます
verbkureru 暮れる(of a day or year) draw to a close; grow dark at dusktypical 3% of hi
trap Nothing in English points to kureru, and it isn't kureru 'give me': the day 'closes'. Kuraku naru (get dark) is also natural.
Mostly heard in hi ga kureru mae ni (before it gets dark) and hi ga kureru no ga hayai (it gets dark early). In plain chat people also just say kuraku natte kita.
hi ga kureru mae ni kaerou.
Let's head home before it gets dark.
日が暮れる前に帰ろう。
hi ga kureru mae ni kaerimashou.
Let's head home before it gets dark.
日が暮れる前に帰りましょう。
Classic autumn remark: hi ga kureru no hayaku natta ne (it's getting dark earlier). Joking 'this'll take forever': sonna no yattetara hi ga kurechau yo. Days getting longer: hi ga nobita ne. The sun itself going down is hi ga shizumu; kureru is the light going with it.
Learn alongside: hi ga noboru, hi ga shizumu, tsuki ga deruMain list: kureru (Stage 2), -ku naru / -ni naru (Stage 4), -mae ni (Stage 4), hayai (Stage 3), kaeru (Stage 1)
hi ga noboru
polite hi ga noborimasuthe sun rises, comes up
日が昇る ひがのぼる 日が昇ります
verbnoboru 昇るrise, go up (the sun, the moon, smoke)typical 2% of hi
trap 'Rise' points to agaru, the everyday 'go up', but the usual verb for the sun is noboru: hi ga nobotta.
Said about dawn, often after a night without sleep: mou hi ga nobotteru (the sun's already up). Nobotteru means it is up, not 'it is rising'. For the moment it appears, people say hi ga nobotte kita or hi ga dete kita.
uwa, mou hi ga nobotteru.
Whoa, the sun's already up.
うわ、もう日が昇ってる。
uwa, mou hi ga nobottemasu ne.
Whoa, the sun's already up.
うわ、もう日が昇ってますね。
Watching the sunrise uses the noun hinode (hinode mi ni iku); the first one of the New Year is hatsuhinode.
Same verb: taiyou (the sun), asahi (the morning sun), tsuki (the moon)Learn alongside: hi ga kureru, hi ga shizumu, tsuki ga deruMain list: -teru (Stage 1), mou (Stage 1), -te kuru (Stage 4)
hi ga shizumu
polite hi ga shizumimasuthe sun sets, goes down
日が沈む ひがしずむ 日が沈みます
verbshizumu 沈むsink, go under (into water or below the horizon)typical <1% of hi
trap 'Go down' points to oriru or sagaru, but the sun sinks: hi ga shizumu, the same verb as a ship sinking. Hi ga ochiru (the sun drops) is just as natural in talk.
Mostly in hi ga shizundara (once the sun's down) and hi ga shizumu mae ni (before sunset). In talk hi ga ochiru is just as common: hi ga ochiru no hayaku natta ne (the sun goes down so early now). 'Before it gets dark' is hi ga kureru mae ni or kuraku naru mae ni.
hi ga shizundara suzushiku naru yo.
It'll cool down once the sun goes down.
日が沈んだら涼しくなるよ。
hi ga shizundara suzushiku narimasu yo.
It'll cool down once the sun goes down.
日が沈んだら涼しくなりますよ。
The sunset itself is yuuhi (the setting sun) or yuuyake (the red evening sky): yuuhi kirei da ne.
Same verb: taiyou (the sun), yuuhi (the setting sun), tsuki (the moon)Learn alongside: hi ga kureru, hi ga noboru, tsuki ga deruMain list: -tara (Stage 2), -ku naru / -ni naru (Stage 4), -mae ni (Stage 4)
tsuki ga deru
polite tsuki ga demasuthe moon comes out
月が出る つきがでる 月が出ます
verbderu 出るcome out, appear; also leave, go outtypical 2% of tsuki
Said when you notice the moon: tsuki deteru (the moon's out), kyou tsuki detenai ne. Deteru means it's out now, not 'it's coming out'.
mite, tsuki deteru yo.
Look, the moon's out.
見て、月出てるよ。
hora, tsuki ga detemasu yo.
Look, the moon's out.
ほら、月が出てますよ。
A full moon is mangetsu: kyou mangetsu da tte (apparently it's a full moon tonight).
Same verb: hoshi (stars), taiyou (the sun), niji (a rainbow)Learn alongside: hi ga kureru, hi ga noboru, hi ga shizumuMain list: deru (Stage 1), -teru (Stage 1), miru (Stage 2)