Cold symptoms
Collocations, Stage 2chunk 9 of 24Body & health
Describing a cold or flu: a fever, a cough, a runny nose and that heavy, run-down feeling.
- netsu ga aruhave a fever
- netsu ga deruget a fever
- seki ga deruhave a cough
- hanamizu ga deruhave a runny nose
- karada ga daruifeel heavy and sluggish
Mix-ups Symptoms 'come out' with deru (netsu deta, seki ga deru, hanamizu ga deru); netsu ga aru is having a fever right now, never motsu. karada ga darui uses the adjective darui, and darui on its own also means 'can't be bothered'.
netsu ga aru
polite netsu ga arimasuhave a fever
熱がある ねつがある 熱があります
verbaru あるthere is, exist (for things)typical 18% of netsu
trap Not netsu o motsu: a fever 'exists', netsu ga aru (netsu aru mitai).
For a fever you have now: netsu aru (I've got a temperature), netsu aru no? (have you got a fever?). Netsu deteru also works; netsu deta is the moment it came on.
kesa kara chotto netsu aru.
I've had a bit of a fever since this morning.
今朝からちょっと熱ある。
kesa kara chotto netsu ga aru n desu.
I've had a slight fever since this morning.
今朝からちょっと熱があるんです。
Often given in Celsius: sanjuuhachido aru (I'm running 38). Nausea and chills take suru: hakike ga suru, samuke ga suru. Taking your temperature is netsu o hakaru, not toru.
Same verb: shokuyoku (appetite: shokuyoku ga nai), itami (pain: itami ga aru)Learn alongside: netsu ga deru, seki ga deru, hanamizu ga deru, arerugii ga aru (Stage 4), chi ga deru (Stage 4)Main list: aru (Stage 1), motsu (Stage 1)
netsu ga deru
polite netsu ga demasuget a fever
熱が出る ねつがでる 熱が出ます
verbderu 出るcome out, appear; also leave, go outtypical 10% of netsu
trap English 'get' pulls toward morau or naru, but a fever 'comes out': netsu ga deru (netsu deta). Morau is for catching a cold from someone (kaze o morau).
For a fever coming on, mostly past: netsu deta (I came down with a fever). For one you have now, netsu aru and netsu deteru both work. Coughs and runny noses work the same way: seki ga deru, hanamizu ga deru.
kesa kyuu ni netsu deta.
I suddenly came down with a fever this morning.
今朝急に熱出た。
kesa kyuu ni netsu ga demashita.
I suddenly came down with a fever this morning.
今朝急に熱が出ました。
The opposite is netsu ga sagaru (the fever goes down). For coughing right now, seki shiteru is also natural.
Same verb: kushami (sneeze), namida (tears), ase (sweat), jinmashin (hives)Learn alongside: netsu ga aru, seki ga deru, hanamizu ga deru, arerugii ga aru (Stage 4), chi ga deru (Stage 4)Main list: deru (Stage 1), morau (Stage 2)
seki ga deru
polite seki ga demasuhave a cough
咳が出る せきがでる 咳が出ます
verbderu 出るcome out, appear; also leave, go outtypical 8% of seki
For a cough you've had a while, said to friends or at the doctor's: seki ga deru n desu, or seki ga tomaranai (I can't stop coughing). For coughing right now, seki shiteru is just as natural.
netsu wa nai kedo, seki ga deru.
No fever, but I've got a cough.
熱はないけど、咳が出る。
netsu wa nai n desu kedo, seki ga demasu.
I don't have a fever, but I have a cough.
熱はないんですけど、咳が出ます。
Seki (o) suru, coughing as an action, is more frequent in films (31 hits to 4). Clinics ask netsu ya seki wa arimasu ka? too.
Same verb: kushami (sneeze), hanamizu (runny nose), netsu (fever)Learn alongside: netsu ga aru, netsu ga deru, hanamizu ga deru, arerugii ga aru (Stage 4), chi ga deru (Stage 4)Main list: deru (Stage 1)
hanamizu ga deru
polite hanamizu ga demasuhave a runny nose
鼻水が出る はなみずがでる 鼻水が出ます
verbderu 出るcome out, appear; also leave, go outtypical 31% of hanamizu
trap 'Runny' has nothing to copy: the noun is hanamizu (nose water), and it comes out, hanamizu ga deru (hanamizu deteru yo).
Said of a cold or hay fever, often as hanamizu ga tomaranai (my nose won't stop running). Hanamizu deteru yo, ga dropped, tells someone their nose is running.
hanamizu deteru yo. hai, tisshu.
Your nose is running. Here, a tissue.
鼻水出てるよ。はい、ティッシュ。
hanamizu ga dete imasu yo. tisshu, douzo.
Your nose is running. Here's a tissue.
鼻水が出ていますよ。ティッシュ、どうぞ。
A blocked nose is hana ga tsumaru (hana tsumatteru); blowing it is hana o kamu.
Same verb: seki (cough), namida (tears), kushami (sneeze)Learn alongside: netsu ga aru, netsu ga deru, seki ga deru, arerugii ga aru (Stage 4), chi ga deru (Stage 4)Main list: deru (Stage 1)
karada ga darui
polite karada ga darui desufeel heavy and sluggish
体がだるい からだがだるい 体がだるいです
adjectivedarui だるいheavy, sluggish, listless; casually, 'what a drag'typical <1% of karada
trap Tsukareta isn't wrong, but it points to effort; the heavy, achy feeling with no clear cause, as when a cold is coming, is karada ga darui.
The heavy, achy feeling of a cold coming on or a bad night: nanka karada darui, with ga dropped. Darui alone is just as common, and about a task it's a casual, youthful 'what a drag' (gakkou darui), not for use with superiors.
asa kara nanka karada darui.
I've felt heavy and sluggish since this morning.
朝からなんか体だるい。
asa kara nanka karada ga darui n desu.
I've been feeling sluggish since this morning.
朝からなんか体がだるいんです。
Shindoi (rough, worn out) overlaps; it comes from western Japan but is heard everywhere.
Same adjective: ashi (legs), ude (arms)Learn alongside: atama ga itai, onaka ga itai, nodo ga itai, koshi ga itai, kata ga koruMain list: tsukareru (Stage 2)