Wrong, stuck, angry
Reactions when something's off: it's different or wrong, I'm in a bind, I made a mistake, someone's angry about it.
chigau
polite chigaimasube different; be wrong
違う ちがう 違います
The everyday one-word 'no, that's not it' for correcting someone (far more common than iie in conversation) and the verb for being different (X to chigau); a flat chigau! can sound blunt, so soften with chotto chigau kamo.
denwa bangou chigau yo.
That's the wrong phone number.
電話番号違うよ。
denwa bangou ga chigaimasu yo.
That's the wrong phone number.
電話番号が違いますよ。
A verb, not an adjective: polite chigaimasu, never *chigai desu.
Learn alongside: machigaeru
komaru
polite komarimasube in a bind; be stuck
困る こまる 困ります
Saying a situation causes you trouble, which is the indirect way to object or ask for help (komatta na, komaru n desu kedo).
sore wa chotto komaru.
That'd be a bit of a problem.
それはちょっと困る。
sore wa chotto komarimasu.
That would be a bit of a problem for me.
それはちょっと困ります。
komatta = 'I'm stuck (now)'; the past describes the current state.
machigaeru
polite machigaemasumake a mistake; get wrong
間違える まちがえる 間違えます
Getting something wrong yourself — a number, a word, the way — and the learner's main repair verb (machigaeta, gomen).
denwa bangou machigaeta.
I got the phone number wrong.
電話番号間違えた。
denwa bangou o machigaemashita.
I got the phone number wrong.
電話番号を間違えました。
machigatteru = 'is wrong' (a state); machigaeta = 'I made the mistake'.
okoru
polite okorimasuget angry; tell off
怒る おこる 怒ります
Says someone gets angry: the person you're angry at takes ni (tomodachi ni okotta), and the person you tell off takes o (kodomo o okoru); 'is angry' right now is okotteru, and the passive okorareta means 'got told off'.
mada okotteru no?
Are you still mad?
まだ怒ってるの？
mada okotteru n desu ka?
Are you still angry?
まだ怒ってるんですか？
okoranaide = don't be mad; sugu okoru = gets angry easily. Homophone 起こる 'happen' is a separate verb.
Learn first: -teru