Looks, too much, easy
Conjugations, Stage 1chunk 11 of 15Verb forms
All three hang off the -masu stem: tabesou, tabesugiru, tabeyasui. One stem, three common add-ons.
- -souLooks like it's about to happen.
- -sugiruDoing something too much.
- -yasui / -nikuiEasy to do / hard to do.
Mix-ups Stem + sou (looks like) vs dictionary form + sou da (I hear); -yasui (easy to) vs yasui (cheap).
-sou
looks about toLooks like it's about to happen.
Judging from what you see: ame furisou (looks like rain), nakisou (about to cry), ochisou (about to fall).
Make it -masu stem + sou. Ichidan: drop -ru (tabesou). Godan: change the final -u to -i (furisou, nomisou). suru → shisou, kuru → kisou.
Polite -sou desu
Stem + sou = 'looks like'; dictionary form + sou da = 'I hear' (furu sou da = I hear it'll rain).
| taberu | tabesou | 食べそう | |
|---|---|---|---|
| miru | misou | 見そう | |
| kau | kaisou | 買いそう | |
| matsu | machisou | 待ちそう | |
| kaeru | kaerisou | 帰りそう | |
| nomu | nomisou | 飲みそう | |
| asobu | asobisou | 遊びそう | |
| kaku | kakisou | 書きそう | |
| oyogu | oyogisou | 泳ぎそう | |
| hanasu | hanashisou | 話しそう | |
| iku | ikisou | 行きそう | |
| suru | shisou | しそう | |
| kuru | kisou | 来そう |
sora kurai ne, ame furisou
The sky's dark. Looks like rain.
空暗いね、雨降りそう
ame ga furisou desu ne
It looks like it's going to rain.
雨が降りそうですね
Heard 3,872× in 3.17 million lines of film and TV subtitles (0.17% of verbs)Main list -sou (Stage 4)
-sugiru
too muchDoing something too much.
Mostly in the past, about overdoing it: tabesugita, nomisugita. Works on adjectives too: takasugiru (too expensive).
Make it -masu stem + sugiru: tabesugiru, nomisugiru, hanashisugiru, shisugiru, kisugiru. Adjectives drop -i (takasugiru; ii → yosugiru). It then conjugates like an ichidan verb (tabesugita).
Polite -sugimasu
-sugi on its own is a casual exclamation: kawaisugi! (way too cute), not a mistake.
| taberu | tabesugiru | 食べすぎる | |
|---|---|---|---|
| miru | misugiru | 見すぎる | |
| kau | kaisugiru | 買いすぎる | |
| matsu | machisugiru | 待ちすぎる | |
| kaeru | kaerisugiru | 帰りすぎる | |
| nomu | nomisugiru | 飲みすぎる | |
| asobu | asobisugiru | 遊びすぎる | |
| kaku | kakisugiru | 書きすぎる | |
| oyogu | oyogisugiru | 泳ぎすぎる | |
| hanasu | hanashisugiru | 話しすぎる | |
| iku | ikisugiru | 行きすぎる | |
| suru | shisugiru | しすぎる | |
| kuru | kisugiru | 来すぎる |
kinou nomisugite, atama itai
I drank too much yesterday and my head hurts.
昨日飲みすぎて、頭痛い
kinou nomisugite, atama ga itai desu
I drank too much yesterday, so I have a headache.
昨日飲みすぎて、頭が痛いです
Heard 1,368× in 3.17 million lines of film and TV subtitles (0.06% of verbs)Main list -sugiru (Stage 4)
-yasui / -nikui
easy / hard to doEasy to do / hard to do.
Describing things and people: kono pen kakiyasui, hanashiyasui hito. -yasui also means 'tends to': kaze hikiyasui.
Make it -masu stem + yasui or nikui: tabeyasui, kaiyasui, hanashiyasui, shiyasui, kiyasui. The result acts like an i-adjective (tabeyasukatta, wakarinikui).
Polite -yasui desu / -nikui desu
-yasui after a verb stem is 'easy to', not yasui 'cheap'.
| taberu | tabeyasui | 食べやすい | |
|---|---|---|---|
| miru | miyasui | 見やすい | |
| kau | kaiyasui | 買いやすい | |
| matsu | machiyasui | 待ちやすい | |
| kaeru | kaeriyasui | 帰りやすい | |
| nomu | nomiyasui | 飲みやすい | |
| asobu | asobiyasui | 遊びやすい | |
| kaku | kakiyasui | 書きやすい | |
| oyogu | oyogiyasui | 泳ぎやすい | |
| hanasu | hanashiyasui | 話しやすい | |
| iku | ikiyasui | 行きやすい | |
| suru | shiyasui | しやすい | |
| kuru | kiyasui | 来やすい |
kono kutsu, sugoku arukiyasui yo
These shoes are really easy to walk in.
この靴、すごく歩きやすいよ
kono kutsu wa totemo arukiyasui desu
These shoes are very easy to walk in.
この靴はとても歩きやすいです
Heard not counted: the tokenizer can’t pick this form outMain list -yasui (Stage 4), -nikui (Stage 4)