More enders
Four endings built on items you already have: -te plus ne for a friendly ask, n da plus yo for an insistent reason, darou, the plain form of deshou, for wondering aloud, and -tara plus ii na for hoping.
-te ne
polite -te kudasai nedo..., OK?
〜てね 〜てくださいね
Adds ne to a casual -te request so it sounds warm rather than bossy. It is the everyday way to ask or remind friends, family and kids (mata renraku shite ne, ki o tsukete ne). It assumes they'll go along, so it's a friendly instruction, not a question.
gomen, chotto matte ne
Sorry, hang on a sec, OK?
ごめん、ちょっと待ってね
sumimasen, chotto matte kudasai ne
Sorry, just a moment, please.
すみません、ちょっと待ってくださいね
-naide ne is the 'don't' version (wasurenaide ne). -te kudasai ne sounds like giving instructions, which is fine from staff or between coworkers but bossy to a superior, so ask them with -te moraemasu ka. Mid-story -te ne (kinou eki ni itte ne, ...) is just 'and then' plus ne, not a request.
Learn alongside: -te, -te kurenai?, -te moraeru?Learn first: -te, ne
n da yo
polite n desu yoit's that..., you see
んだよ んですよ
Gives the listener an explanation they don't have yet, with yo pushing it across: why something happened, news, or a correction. Everyone uses it. After a question word it turns into a rough, masculine rebuke (nani shiteru n da yo! = what the hell are you doing?), so recognise that one; the neutral version is nani shiteru no!?
atama itai n da yo
I've got a headache, that's why.
頭痛いんだよ
atama ga itai n desu yo
I have a headache, you see.
頭が痛いんですよ
no yo (atama itai no yo) is the feminine version, now mostly heard from older women and in dramas; young women just say n da yo or no. Giving a superior an excuse with n desu yo sounds defensive; plain n desu is safer.
Learn alongside: n da, no?, n da kedo, wake daLearn first: n da, yo
darou
polite deshouI wonder... (what / how / if)
だろう でしょう
The plain form of deshou. Wondering aloud is neutral and everyone says it, whether with a question word (nan darou, dou darou, doko itta n darou) or with ka (daijoubu darou ka). As a falling 'probably' (ashita wa ame darou) or the rising tag daro? (right?), it sounds masculine and blunt, so most casual speakers say kamo (or tabun) for 'probably' and desho? for 'right?' instead.
kaigi itsu darou
When's the meeting, I wonder?
会議いつだろう
kaigi wa itsu deshou ka
When is the meeting, I wonder?
会議はいつでしょうか
dou darou on its own is a handy non-answer ('hmm, hard to say'). Polite deshou is neutral for everyone, whether as 'probably' (ame deshou) or as deshou ka (I wonder). In fast speech the wondering form is often just daro, said falling (itsu daro); that is neutral. Only the rising daro? (right?) is the masculine tag.
-tara ii na
polite -tara ii desu neI hope / I wish / it'd be nice if
〜たらいいな 〜たらいいですね
Hopes for something you can't simply do yourself, like weather, results or someone else's choice: add ii na to a -tara clause (haretara ii na = I hope it's sunny). With a potential verb it hopes you'll get the chance (iketara ii na = I hope I can go; mata aetara ii ne = hope we can meet again), and about something that isn't so it means 'I wish' (okane ga attara ii na = I wish I had money). ii na is half to yourself; -tara ii ne and polite -tara ii desu ne share the hope with the listener, and -nakattara ii na hopes something won't happen.
issho ni iketara ii na
I hope we can go together.
一緒に行けたらいいな
issho ni iketara ii desu ne
It'd be great if we could go together.
一緒に行けたらいいですね
-ba ii na and -to ii na mean the same; to say you want to do it, use -tai, and for 'what should I do?' use dou shitara ii? (-tara ii).
Learn alongside: -tai, -te hoshiiLearn first: -tara, ii, naa, -eru / -rareru