Rain and snow
Collocations, Stage 1chunk 1 of 22Weather & nature
What rain and snow do and what you do about it: it's coming down, it has stopped, the umbrella's own verb, and getting rained on.
- ame ga furuit rains; rain falls
- yuki ga furuit snows
- ame ga yamuthe rain stops
- kasa o sasuput up (open) an umbrella; have an umbrella up
- ame ni furareruget caught in the rain
Mix-ups ame ga furu and yuki ga furu share furu, so drill them in one frame (soto, ___ futteru yo), and set ame ni furareta (it rained on me) against plain ame futta. Keep ame ga yamu (it stops by itself) apart from yameru (a person quits), and kasa o sasu (have it up) apart from kasa motsu (carry it).
ame ga furu
polite ame ga furimasuit rains; rain falls
雨が降る あめがふる 雨が降ります
verbfuru 降るfall from the sky (rain, snow, hail)typical 52% of ame
trap Not ame ga ochiru: rain falls with furu. Once the topic is weather, furu alone means rain: futte kita (it's started raining), furisou da ne (looks like rain).
You hear ame futteru (it's raining) most, usually without ga. Plain ame furu points ahead, as in ashita ame furu kana (will it rain tomorrow?).
soto, ame futteru yo.
It's raining outside.
外、雨降ってるよ。
soto, ame ga futtemasu yo.
It's raining outside.
外、雨が降ってますよ。
ame furisou = looks like rain; ame futte kita = it's started raining.
Same verb: yuki (snow), hyou (hail, rare)Learn alongside: yuki ga furu, ame ni furareruMain list: -teru (Stage 1), -sou (Stage 4), -te kuru (Stage 4)
yuki ga furu
polite yuki ga furimasuit snows
雪が降る ゆきがふる 雪が降ります
verbfuru 降るfall from the sky (rain, snow, hail)typical 28% of yuki
trap Not yuki ga ochiru: snow takes the same furu as rain, so yuki futteru is 'it's snowing'.
Same shape as ame ga furu: yuki futteru is 'it's snowing', and ashita yuki furu kamo is 'it might snow tomorrow'.
soto, yuki futteru yo!
It's snowing outside!
外、雪降ってるよ！
soto, yuki ga futtemasu yo.
It's snowing outside.
外、雪が降ってますよ。
Snow lying on the ground is yuki ga tsumoru (yuki tsumotteru = the snow's settled / there's snow on the ground).
Same verb: ame (rain), hyou (hail, rare)Learn alongside: ame ga furu, ame ni furareruMain list: -teru (Stage 1), kamo (Stage 3)
ame ga yamu
polite ame ga yamimasuthe rain stops
雨がやむ あめがやむ 雨がやみます
verbyamu 止むstop or die down by itself (rain, wind, noise)typical 6% of ame
trap Not ame ga tomaru, and not yameru (a person quitting something): rain stops with intransitive yamu.
Mostly heard as ame yanda? (has it stopped?) or ame yamu made matou (let's wait till it stops). Ima wa yanderu means it has stopped for now, not 'it is stopping'.
mou ame yanda?
Has the rain stopped yet?
もう雨やんだ？
ame, mou yamimashita ka?
Has the rain stopped yet?
雨、もうやみましたか？
ame ga agaru (the rain lifts) is a common alternative: ame agatta ne.
Same verb: kaze (wind), yuki (snow), oto (noise)Main list: yameru (Stage 4), owaru (Stage 4)
kasa o sasu
polite kasa o sashimasuput up (open) an umbrella; have an umbrella up
傘をさす かさをさす 傘をさします
verbsasu 差すhold something up over you (an umbrella, a parasol)typical 5% of kasa
trap Not kasa o akeru: an umbrella you hold up over you is sasu. Hiraku is only the moment of opening it, motsu is carrying it (kasa motteru? = got an umbrella?), and tsukau fits offering one (kasa tsukau? = want to use my umbrella?).
Said about having an umbrella up over you: kasa sashite aruku (walk with an umbrella up), kasa sasanakute ii yo (no need to put it up). Kasa sashiteru means someone has one up. Taking one with you is kasa motte iku, not sasu: kasa motte itta hou ga ii yo (you'd better take an umbrella).
kasa sashita hou ga ii yo.
You'd better put your umbrella up.
傘さしたほうがいいよ。
kasa o sashita hou ga ii desu yo.
You'd better put your umbrella up.
傘をさしたほうがいいですよ。
Closing it is kasa o tojiru, or kasa o tatamu (fold it up). A different sasu from the 'sting' in ka ni sasareru, though they sound the same.
Same verb: higasa (parasol)Main list: motsu (Stage 1), tsukau (Stage 3)
ame ni furareru
polite ame ni furaremasuget caught in the rain
雨に降られる あめにふられる 雨に降られます
verbfurareru 降られるfuru = fall from the sky; the passive furareru means it fell on you, to your cost
trap 'Get caught in the rain' points to tsukamaru, but Japanese says the rain fell on you, with furu's suffering passive: ame ni furareta. Ame ni au (run into rain: ame ni atchatta) is just as natural.
Almost always past, usually with -chatta: ame ni furarechatta (I got rained on). Ame ga futta just reports the weather; furareta says it happened to you.
kinou kaeri ni ame ni furarechatta.
I got caught in the rain on the way home yesterday.
昨日帰りに雨に降られちゃった。
kinou kaeri ni ame ni furarechaimashita.
I got caught in the rain on the way home yesterday.
昨日帰りに雨に降られちゃいました。
Getting soaked is nureru: ame ni nurechatta (I got wet in the rain). Ame ni au sounds like au 'meet' but is a different verb (遭う, run into).
Same verb: yuki (snow)Learn alongside: ame ga furu, yuki ga furuMain list: -areru / -rareru (Stage 2), -chau (Stage 1), au (Stage 3)