this/that + noun
The ko/so/a/do row that is always followed by a noun, with the same distances as kore/sore/are.
kono
this (+ noun)
この
Goes before a noun to point at something near you or current (kono mise, kono hen = around here) and never stands alone.
kono mise, oishii yo.
This place is really good.
この店、おいしいよ。
kono mise, oishii desu yo.
This place is really good.
この店、おいしいですよ。
kono mae usually means 'the other day', not 'before this'.
sono
that (+ noun); the one mentioned
その
Goes before a noun for something near the listener or just mentioned (sono hito, sono toki = at that time), which makes it the main back-reference word in stories.
sono mise, oishii yo.
That place you mentioned is good.
その店、おいしいよ。
sono mise, oishii desu yo.
That place you mentioned is good.
その店、おいしいですよ。
Said alone with a pause, sono... is a hesitation filler (Responses, reactions, fillers & social phrases).
ano
that (+ noun), far or shared
あの
Goes before a noun for something far off, or for something you both remember (ano mise, ano toki = that time).
ano mise, oishii yo.
That place (you know the one) is good.
あの店、おいしいよ。
ano mise, oishii desu yo.
That place (you know the one) is good.
あの店、おいしいですよ。
Said alone, ano... is the 'um, excuse me' filler (Responses, reactions, fillers & social phrases).
dono
which (+ noun)
どの
Goes before a noun to ask which one of several, mostly inside set frames (dono hen?, dono hito?, dono kurai?).
dono kurai kakaru?
How long does it take?
どのくらいかかる？
dono kurai kakarimasu ka?
How long does it take?
どのくらいかかりますか？
dono kurai? (how long, how much) is its most useful frame.