What's on
Collocations, Stage 1chunk 21 of 22Work & school
The timetable: a class, meeting or exam you have (all ga aru), then plans shifting: work coming up, something postponed.
- jugyou ga aruhave class
- kaigi ga aruhave a meeting
- shiken ga aruhave an exam
- shigoto ga hairuwork comes up
- enki ni narube postponed
Mix-ups jugyou, kaigi and shiken all take ga aru, never motsu; shigoto ga hairu and enki ni naru say what happened to the plan, with no 'I' or 'they' doing it.
jugyou ga aru
polite jugyou ga arimasuhave class
授業がある じゅぎょうがある 授業があります
verbaru あるthere is; have (things, events)typical 9% of jugyou
trap 'Have class' tempts jugyou o motsu, which only fits a teacher's teaching load. A class you go to just exists: jugyou ga aru.
How students explain their day or turn down plans: ashita ichigen kara jugyou aru (I've got class from first period). Casual speech drops ga; jugyou nai means a free day or period.
ashita asa kara jugyou aru n da.
I've got class first thing tomorrow.
明日朝から授業あるんだ。
ashita wa asa kara jugyou ga aru n desu.
I've got class first thing tomorrow.
明日は朝から授業があるんです。
In class right now is jugyou-chuu; skipping it is jugyou o saboru.
Same verb: kougi (lecture), zemi (seminar), bukatsu (club practice)Learn alongside: kaigi ga aru, shiken ga aruMain list: aru (Stage 1), motsu (Stage 1), asa (Stage 2), n da (Stage 1)
kaigi ga aru
polite kaigi ga arimasuhave a meeting
会議がある かいぎがある 会議があります
verbaru あるthere is; have (things, events)typical 26% of kaigi
trap 'Have a meeting' tempts kaigi o motsu, which only works as stiff 'hold a meeting' (the everyday 'hold' is kaigi o hiraku). A meeting on your calendar just exists: kaigi ga aru. Attending is kaigi ni deru; kaigi o deru is leaving the room.
Said when explaining your schedule or why you can't talk: kore kara kaigi aru kara. Casual speech drops ga, and smaller team or client meetings are uchiawase, with the same verb.
gomen, kore kara kaigi aru n da.
Sorry, I've got a meeting now.
ごめん、これから会議あるんだ。
sumimasen, kore kara kaigi ga aru n desu.
Sorry, I've got a meeting now.
すみません、これから会議があるんです。
Someone in one right now is kaigi-chuu: ima kaigi-chuu desu.
Same verb: uchiawase (team or client meeting), kenshuu (training), nomikai (drinks with colleagues), mensetsu (interview)Learn alongside: jugyou ga aru, shiken ga aruMain list: aru (Stage 1), motsu (Stage 1), kore kara (Stage 3), n da (Stage 1)
shiken ga aru
polite shiken ga arimasuhave an exam
試験がある しけんがある 試験があります
verbaru あるthere is; have (things, events)typical 14% of shiken
trap 'Have an exam' tempts shiken o motsu. An exam on your calendar exists: shiken ga aru. Sitting it is shiken o ukeru.
Said when explaining plans or turning things down: raishuu shiken aru kara muri. Casual speech drops ga, and for school tests students say tesuto more than shiken.
raishuu shiken aru kara, muri.
I've got an exam next week, so I can't.
来週試験あるから、無理。
raishuu shiken ga aru node, chotto muri desu.
I've got an exam next week, so I'm afraid I can't.
来週試験があるので、ちょっと無理です。
Wishing someone luck before it: shiken ganbatte!
Same verb: tesuto (test), shiai (match), kentei (proficiency test)Learn alongside: jugyou ga aru, kaigi ga aruMain list: aru (Stage 1), motsu (Stage 1), raishuu (Stage 2), muri (Stage 3), -kara (Stage 1), -node (Stage 1), chotto (Stage 1)
shigoto ga hairu
polite shigoto ga hairimasuwork comes up
仕事が入る しごとがはいる 仕事が入ります
verbhairu 入るgo in, enter; get put into somethingtypical <1% of shigoto
The standard reason for cancelling: kyuu ni shigoto haitchatta (work came up suddenly). Mostly in the past, or as haitteru (I've got work booked); ga is usually dropped.
gomen, kyuu ni shigoto haitchatta.
Sorry, something came up at work.
ごめん、急に仕事入っちゃった。
sumimasen, kyuu ni shigoto ga haitchaimashita.
Sorry, something came up at work.
すみません、急に仕事が入っちゃいました。
Same frame as yotei ga hairu (see there for why not okiru). Freelancers and shops also use it for work coming in: atarashii shigoto ga haitta, yoyaku ga haitta.
Same verb: yotei (plans), baito (a part-time shift), zangyou (overtime)Learn alongside: shigoto ga isogashii, jikan ga aku (Stage 3), yotei ga aru (Stage 3), tsugou ga ii (Stage 3), tsugou ga warui (Stage 3), youji ga aru (Stage 3), yotei ga hairu (Stage 3), sen'yaku ga aru (Stage 3)Main list: hairu (Stage 1), kyuu ni (Stage 2), -chau (Stage 1), gomen (Stage 1)
enki ni naru
polite enki ni narimasube postponed
延期になる えんきになる 延期になります
verbnaru なるbecome, turn intotypical 10% of enki
trap English 'was postponed' tempts the passive enki sareta, which sounds like an official notice. In conversation the event becomes postponed: enki ni natta, like chuushi ni naru (called off).
Said when an event moves because of rain, illness or schedules: shiai, ame de enki ni natta. Mostly in the past (natta, natchatta), and the ni stays.
ame de shiai enki ni natta.
The game got postponed because of rain.
雨で試合延期になった。
ame de shiai ga enki ni narimashita.
The game was postponed because of rain.
雨で試合が延期になりました。
Moving it yourself is enki suru, or casually zurasu: raishuu ni zurasou.
Same verb: chuushi (called off), toriyame (cancelled), kyuukou (class cancelled)Learn alongside: chuushi ni naru (Stage 4)Main list: naru (Stage 1), -ku naru / -ni naru (Stage 4)