Storms and quakes
Collocations, Stage 2chunk 21 of 24Weather & nature
The big events people warn each other about, and the forecast that got it wrong: a typhoon on the way, an earthquake, thunder, a missed forecast.
- taifuu ga kurua typhoon comes (hits)
- jishin ga okiruan earthquake happens, hits
- kaminari ga naruit thunders; thunder rumbles
- tenki yohou ga hazureruthe forecast is wrong
Mix-ups English 'hit' fits none of them: a typhoon kuru (comes), an earthquake okiru (happens; jishin kita as it shakes) and thunder naru (sounds), so drill the three verbs side by side. kaminari ga naru is 鳴る 'sound', not naru 'become', and a forecast hazureru (misses) or ataru (is right), never machigaeru.
taifuu ga kuru
polite taifuu ga kimasua typhoon comes (hits)
台風が来る たいふうがくる 台風が来ます
verbkuru 来るcome, arrivetypical 38% of taifuu
trap English 'a typhoon hits' pushes to taifuu ga utsu or taifuu ga ataru, which don't work: with the typhoon as subject it just comes (taifuu kita). Ataru is fine the other way round, with your plans as subject and ni: ryokou ga taifuu ni atatchatta (our trip ran into a typhoon). Chokugeki (direct hit) is everyday talk too: toukyou chokugeki rashii yo (apparently it's heading straight for Tokyo); jouriku (landfall) mostly comes from the forecast.
Mostly said without ga, about one in the forecast: shuumatsu taifuu kuru kamo (a typhoon might come this weekend). Taifuu kiteru means one has already come close and is nearby or heading in, not a forecast for later in the week; taifuu chikazuiteru stresses that it's getting closer, and taifuu kita means it has arrived. Often there's no verb at all: ashita taifuu da tte (they say there's a typhoon tomorrow).
ashita taifuu kuru rashii yo.
Apparently a typhoon's coming tomorrow.
明日台風来るらしいよ。
ashita taifuu ga kuru rashii desu yo.
Apparently a typhoon's coming tomorrow.
明日台風が来るらしいですよ。
The cause takes de: taifuu de densha tomatta (the trains stopped because of the typhoon); once it's passed, taifuu sugita ne.
Same verb: jishin (earthquake: jishin kita! as it shakes; the usual set is jishin ga okiru), tsunami (tidal wave), kanpa (cold wave), haru (spring)Main list: kuru (Stage 1), rashii (Stage 4), -teru (Stage 1)
jishin ga okiru
polite jishin ga okimasuan earthquake happens, hits
地震が起きる じしんがおきる 地震が起きます
verbokiru 起きるhappen, occur; also wake up, get uptypical 20% of jishin
trap English 'an earthquake hit' has no matching verb, and utsu or ataru don't work. It happens (okiru), or casually it comes or there is one (jishin kita!, jishin atta).
Used when talking about a quake: jishin ga okita toki (when the earthquake hit), ookii jishin ga okitara (if a big one hits). In the moment people shout jishin da! or jishin kita!, and afterwards say kinou jishin atta ne.
ookii jishin okitara dou suru?
What would you do if a big earthquake hit?
大きい地震起きたらどうする？
ookii jishin ga okitara dou shimasu ka?
What would you do if a big earthquake hit?
大きい地震が起きたらどうしますか？
The shaking is yureru: ima yureta? (did it just shake?), kekkou yureta ne.
Same verb: jiko (an accident), kaji (a fire), mondai (a problem), jiken (an incident)Main list: okiru (Stage 2), -tara (Stage 2), kuru (Stage 1), aru (Stage 1), ookii (Stage 4)
kaminari ga naru
polite kaminari ga narimasuit thunders; thunder rumbles
雷が鳴る かみなりがなる 雷が鳴ります
verbnaru 鳴るmake a sound, ring (thunder, a phone, a bell, an alarm)typical 14% of kaminari
Said when you hear thunder: kaminari natteru (it's thundering), or kaminari natta! for a single clap. Casual speech drops ga.
a, kaminari natteru.
Oh, it's thundering.
あ、雷鳴ってる。
a, kaminari ga nattemasu ne.
Oh, it's thundering.
あ、雷が鳴ってますね。
Naru here is 鳴る 'ring' (as in denwa ga naru), said flat (na-RU), while naru 'become' falls (NA-ru). A strike is kaminari ga ochiru: chikaku ni ochita! The flash is kaminari ga hikaru.
Same verb: denwa (phone), mezamashi (alarm clock), chaimu (chime, school bell), onaka (stomach, rumbling)Learn alongside: semi ga naku (Stage 4)Main list: -teru (Stage 1)
tenki yohou ga hazureru
polite tenki yohou ga hazuremasuthe forecast is wrong
天気予報が外れる てんきよほうがはずれる 天気予報が外れます
verbhazureru 外れるmiss, come off; turn out wrong (a forecast, guess, lottery ticket)
trap A forecast misses (hazureru) or hits (ataru), like a guess or a lottery ticket. Machigaeru is a person's slip, so yohou ga machigaeta doesn't work; yohou machigatteta (it was wrong) is also fine, but hazureta is the usual word.
A grumble, almost always in the past: tenki yohou hazureta (the forecast got it wrong), usually without ga, or just yohou hazureta once the weather is already the topic. When it gets it right: yohou atatta.
tenki yohou, mata hazureta ne.
The forecast got it wrong again.
天気予報、また外れたね。
tenki yohou, mata hazuremashita ne.
The forecast got it wrong again.
天気予報、また外れましたね。
What it says: yohou de wa ame da tte (the forecast says rain).
Same verb: yosou (a guess, prediction), takarakuji (a lottery ticket), kan (a hunch)Main list: mata (Stage 3), ne (Stage 1), tte (Stage 4)