{"title":"Core words","description":"The everyday verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs the other lists don’t teach, ordered by how much they help you keep a conversation going.","conventions":{"romaji":"kotoba's stored spelling: modified Hepburn, lowercase, no macrons, long vowels as spelled (sou, daijoubu, kirei), wa/o/e particles, っ before ch = t (kotchi). Leading hyphen = attaches to a word.","register":"romaji = casual form, learned first; polite = desu/masu counterpart, or null when there is no register difference.","freqRank":"rank in jiten.moe drama frequency list (CC BY-SA 4.0); freqNote explains tokenizer-split forms. null = no usable rank.","scores":"spread / reach / speakNeed, 1-5, judged.","prereqs":"item ids to learn first.","contrastGroup":"items sharing a group name are learned side by side; their examples share a base sentence."},"stats":{"total":1204,"chunks":290,"candidatePool":2818},"stages":[{"name":"Stage 1","summary":"222 words for small talk, getting to know someone and saying what you think; half of them rank in the top 1,815 of spoken Japanese.","items":222,"chunkIds":["v-body-1","v-home-3","v-talk-2","v-mind-1","v-mind-4","v-mind-8","v-mind-6","v-mind-7","v-mind-5","v-social-4","v-social-3","v-social-6","v-change-2","v-life-1","n-people-4","n-life-6","n-mind-2","n-mind-6","n-mind-3","n-places-4","n-places-5","n-places-6","n-food-7","n-work-1","n-work-2","n-fun-2","n-fun-8","n-fun-4","a-feel-3","a-feel-5","a-feel-2","a-feel-4","a-feel-6","a-feel-1","a-people-2","a-people-4","a-people-1","a-people-5","a-people-3","a-things-6","a-things-9","a-things-7","a-things-8","adv-manner-9","adv-manner-3","adv-manner-1","adv-manner-17","adv-degree-2","adv-degree-3","adv-mimetic-1","adv-mimetic-2","connect-1","connect-4","connect-3","connect-6"]},{"name":"Stage 2","summary":"331 words that come up in most chats; half of them rank in the top 1,812 of spoken Japanese.","items":331,"chunkIds":["v-move-1","v-move-6","v-body-2","v-body-3","v-body-4","v-home-6","v-talk-5","v-talk-1","v-talk-3","v-talk-7","v-mind-3","v-mind-2","v-mind-9","v-social-1","v-social-9","v-social-2","v-social-10","v-social-7","v-change-3","v-change-6","v-effort-3","v-effort-7","v-effort-6","v-effort-5","v-trouble-3","v-trouble-1","v-life-2","n-people-2","n-people-8","n-people-9","n-people-12","n-people-7","n-life-3","n-life-8","n-life-11","n-life-9","n-life-12","n-mind-4","n-abstract-1","n-abstract-4","n-abstract-7","n-abstract-10","n-abstract-11","n-abstract-5","n-talk-2","n-talk-1","n-food-1","n-food-3","n-work-6","n-health-1","n-health-5","n-travel-4","n-travel-5","n-fun-6","n-fun-3","n-things-10","a-people-6","a-people-8","a-things-3","a-things-1","a-things-4","a-things-2","a-things-13","a-things-11","a-things-16","adv-manner-2","adv-manner-15","adv-manner-14","adv-manner-10","adv-manner-5","adv-manner-6","adv-manner-12","adv-manner-19","adv-degree-8","adv-degree-6","adv-degree-1","adv-mimetic-3","adv-mimetic-7","connect-5","connect-2"]},{"name":"Stage 3","summary":"319 words for narrower topics; half of them rank in the top 1,704 of spoken Japanese.","items":319,"chunkIds":["v-move-3","v-move-7","v-move-2","v-home-4","v-home-2","v-talk-4","v-talk-6","v-mind-10","v-social-5","v-change-5","v-hands-1","v-hands-4","v-hands-2","v-effort-1","v-effort-2","v-effort-4","v-trouble-2","n-people-1","n-people-10","n-people-13","n-people-6","n-people-15","n-people-5","n-life-2","n-life-4","n-life-5","n-life-10","n-life-7","n-mind-1","n-mind-7","n-abstract-2","n-abstract-6","n-abstract-9","n-abstract-8","n-talk-3","n-talk-4","n-places-2","n-places-3","n-places-1","n-home-14","n-home-4","n-food-2","n-food-4","n-work-3","n-work-5","n-society-2","n-society-3","n-travel-3","n-travel-2","n-nature-2","n-nature-1","n-fun-1","n-fun-5","n-things-3","n-things-2","n-things-4","n-things-7","n-things-12","a-things-5","a-things-12","a-things-14","a-things-10","adv-manner-4","adv-manner-11","adv-manner-8","adv-manner-7","adv-manner-13","adv-manner-18","adv-manner-16","adv-degree-7","adv-degree-9","adv-degree-5","adv-degree-4","adv-mimetic-8","adv-mimetic-4","adv-mimetic-6"]},{"name":"Errands, chores and formal","summary":"332 words for errands, chores, service and formal talk: there for when you need them, not for chatting.","items":332,"chunkIds":["v-move-8","v-move-4","v-move-5","v-home-1","v-home-8","v-home-5","v-home-9","v-home-7","v-talk-8","v-social-8","v-change-7","v-change-1","v-change-4","v-hands-6","v-hands-9","v-hands-5","v-hands-7","v-hands-8","v-hands-3","v-effort-9","v-effort-8","n-people-11","n-people-14","n-life-1","n-mind-5","n-abstract-3","n-places-9","n-places-10","n-places-8","n-places-7","n-home-12","n-home-6","n-home-10","n-home-5","n-home-7","n-home-11","n-home-3","n-home-9","n-home-8","n-home-13","n-home-2","n-home-1","n-food-5","n-food-8","n-food-6","n-food-9","n-food-10","n-work-4","n-work-8","n-work-9","n-work-10","n-work-7","n-health-3","n-health-2","n-health-6","n-health-4","n-society-1","n-society-4","n-society-5","n-travel-1","n-travel-6","n-money-3","n-money-2","n-money-4","n-money-1","n-fun-7","n-things-6","n-things-1","n-things-5","n-things-9","n-things-8","n-things-11","a-people-7","a-things-15","adv-mimetic-9","adv-mimetic-10","adv-mimetic-11","adv-mimetic-5","adv-mimetic-12"]}],"categories":[{"key":"v-move","name":"Verbs: moving","scope":"Moving & position (walk, run, sit, stand, approach, pass, return home, move house)","chunkIds":["v-move-1","v-move-6","v-move-3","v-move-7","v-move-2","v-move-8","v-move-4","v-move-5"]},{"key":"v-body","name":"Verbs: the body","scope":"Body actions, senses & physical states (laugh, cry, sleep, fall over, hit, touch, smell, shake)","chunkIds":["v-body-1","v-body-2","v-body-3","v-body-4"]},{"key":"v-home","name":"Verbs: home and routine","scope":"Daily routine, home & chores (wash, cook, clean, tidy, dress, prepare, live somewhere)","chunkIds":["v-home-3","v-home-6","v-home-4","v-home-2","v-home-1","v-home-8","v-home-5","v-home-9","v-home-7"]},{"key":"v-talk","name":"Verbs: talking","scope":"Talking & communicating (call, tell, explain, apologise, refuse, chat, answer, invite, ask a favour)","chunkIds":["v-talk-2","v-talk-5","v-talk-1","v-talk-3","v-talk-7","v-talk-4","v-talk-6","v-talk-8"]},{"key":"v-mind","name":"Verbs: thinking and feeling","scope":"Thinking, knowing & feeling (believe, feel, remember, notice, worry, be surprised, be glad, doubt, understand)","chunkIds":["v-mind-1","v-mind-4","v-mind-8","v-mind-6","v-mind-7","v-mind-5","v-mind-3","v-mind-2","v-mind-9","v-mind-10"]},{"key":"v-social","name":"Verbs: dealing with people","scope":"People & relationships (help, forgive, trust, protect, leave it to, betray, go out with, marry, break up)","chunkIds":["v-social-4","v-social-3","v-social-6","v-social-1","v-social-9","v-social-2","v-social-10","v-social-7","v-social-5","v-social-8"]},{"key":"v-change","name":"Verbs: change, start and end","scope":"Change, start & end, more & less (continue, increase, disappear, break, change, get used to, be decided)","chunkIds":["v-change-2","v-change-3","v-change-6","v-change-5","v-change-7","v-change-1","v-change-4"]},{"key":"v-hands","name":"Verbs: handling things","scope":"Handling things (put, hand over, hide, find, collect, pick up, carry, deliver, receive, lose, fix)","chunkIds":["v-hands-1","v-hands-4","v-hands-2","v-hands-6","v-hands-9","v-hands-5","v-hands-7","v-hands-8","v-hands-3"]},{"key":"v-effort","name":"Verbs: effort and results","scope":"Work, effort & results (succeed, fail, win, lose, choose, be in time, check, practise, aim)","chunkIds":["v-effort-3","v-effort-7","v-effort-6","v-effort-5","v-effort-1","v-effort-2","v-effort-4","v-effort-9","v-effort-8"]},{"key":"v-trouble","name":"Verbs: trouble and conflict","scope":"Trouble, conflict & danger (fight, steal, hurt, deceive, kill, run away, attack, get caught, threaten)","chunkIds":["v-trouble-3","v-trouble-1","v-trouble-2"]},{"key":"v-life","name":"Verbs: life and living","scope":"Life & living (be born, live, die, grow up, spend time, raise)","chunkIds":["v-life-1","v-life-2"]},{"key":"n-people","name":"People","scope":"People, roles & relationships (person, woman, man, friend, senior, boss, customer, partner, couple)","chunkIds":["n-people-4","n-people-2","n-people-8","n-people-9","n-people-12","n-people-7","n-people-1","n-people-10","n-people-13","n-people-6","n-people-15","n-people-5","n-people-11","n-people-14"]},{"key":"n-life","name":"Life and time","scope":"Life, time & fate (life, future, past, memory, era, moment, chance, dream)","chunkIds":["n-life-6","n-life-3","n-life-8","n-life-11","n-life-9","n-life-12","n-life-2","n-life-4","n-life-5","n-life-10","n-life-7","n-life-1"]},{"key":"n-mind","name":"Mind and feelings","scope":"Mind, feelings & character (feeling, happiness, anxiety, courage, confidence, personality, love)","chunkIds":["n-mind-2","n-mind-6","n-mind-3","n-mind-4","n-mind-1","n-mind-7","n-mind-5"]},{"key":"n-abstract","name":"Reasons and situations","scope":"Reasons, situations & ideas (reason, relation, case, situation, way, result, problem, meaning, fact, cause, purpose)","chunkIds":["n-abstract-1","n-abstract-4","n-abstract-7","n-abstract-10","n-abstract-11","n-abstract-5","n-abstract-2","n-abstract-6","n-abstract-9","n-abstract-8","n-abstract-3"]},{"key":"n-talk","name":"Talk and information","scope":"Talk & information (story, opinion, reply, news, rumour, secret, lie, promise, question, answer)","chunkIds":["n-talk-2","n-talk-1","n-talk-3","n-talk-4"]},{"key":"n-places","name":"Places","scope":"Places & buildings (place, room, shop, station, hospital, school, company, town, country, world)","chunkIds":["n-places-4","n-places-5","n-places-6","n-places-2","n-places-3","n-places-1","n-places-9","n-places-10","n-places-8","n-places-7"]},{"key":"n-home","name":"Home and everyday things","scope":"Home & everyday things (furniture, keys, wallet, phone, photo, letter, present, bag, clothes)","chunkIds":["n-home-14","n-home-4","n-home-12","n-home-6","n-home-10","n-home-5","n-home-7","n-home-11","n-home-3","n-home-9","n-home-8","n-home-13","n-home-2","n-home-1"]},{"key":"n-food","name":"Food and drink","scope":"Food & drink (meal, rice, water, tea, alcohol, meat, fish, vegetables, sweets)","chunkIds":["n-food-7","n-food-1","n-food-3","n-food-2","n-food-4","n-food-5","n-food-8","n-food-6","n-food-9","n-food-10"]},{"key":"n-work","name":"Work and school","scope":"Work & school (job, meeting, documents, exam, class, homework, salary, part-time job)","chunkIds":["n-work-1","n-work-2","n-work-6","n-work-3","n-work-5","n-work-4","n-work-8","n-work-9","n-work-10","n-work-7"]},{"key":"n-health","name":"Health","scope":"Body, health & medicine (illness, injury, medicine, fever, cold, hospital visit, wound)","chunkIds":["n-health-1","n-health-5","n-health-3","n-health-2","n-health-6","n-health-4"]},{"key":"n-society","name":"Society and news","scope":"Society, rules & news (police, incident, accident, law, news, politics, rules, crime)","chunkIds":["n-society-2","n-society-3","n-society-1","n-society-4","n-society-5"]},{"key":"n-travel","name":"Getting around","scope":"Getting around & going out (train, car, trip, road, airport, hotel, date, event, party)","chunkIds":["n-travel-4","n-travel-5","n-travel-3","n-travel-2","n-travel-1","n-travel-6"]},{"key":"n-money","name":"Money and shopping","scope":"Money & shopping (money, price, payment, card, receipt, discount, cheap shop)","chunkIds":["n-money-3","n-money-2","n-money-4","n-money-1"]},{"key":"n-nature","name":"Nature and animals","scope":"Nature, animals & the outdoors (sky, sea, mountain, flower, tree, dog, cat, river)","chunkIds":["n-nature-2","n-nature-1"]},{"key":"n-fun","name":"Free time and tech","scope":"Free time, media & tech (hobby, film, music, game, match, song, smartphone, internet)","chunkIds":["n-fun-2","n-fun-8","n-fun-4","n-fun-6","n-fun-3","n-fun-1","n-fun-5","n-fun-7"]},{"key":"n-things","name":"Things, kinds and amounts","scope":"General nouns: things, kinds, parts & amounts (thing, shape, sound, voice, name, number, kind, half, rest)","chunkIds":["n-things-10","n-things-3","n-things-2","n-things-4","n-things-7","n-things-12","n-things-6","n-things-1","n-things-5","n-things-9","n-things-8","n-things-11"]},{"key":"a-feel","name":"Adjectives: feelings","scope":"Adjectives of feeling & sensation (sad, lonely, frustrating, nostalgic, painful, sleepy, itchy, scary-feeling)","chunkIds":["a-feel-3","a-feel-5","a-feel-2","a-feel-4","a-feel-6","a-feel-1"]},{"key":"a-people","name":"Adjectives: people","scope":"Adjectives describing people (strict, serious, honest, clever, young, admirable, cool, mean)","chunkIds":["a-people-2","a-people-4","a-people-1","a-people-5","a-people-3","a-people-6","a-people-8","a-people-7"]},{"key":"a-things","name":"Adjectives: things and situations","scope":"Adjectives describing things & situations (old, bright, dark, heavy, wide, far, strong, strange, special, safe, free)","chunkIds":["a-things-6","a-things-9","a-things-7","a-things-8","a-things-3","a-things-1","a-things-4","a-things-2","a-things-13","a-things-11","a-things-16","a-things-5","a-things-12","a-things-14","a-things-10","a-things-15"]},{"key":"adv-manner","name":"Adverbs: manner and certainty","scope":"Adverbs of manner, certainty & timing (definitely, properly, on purpose, suddenly, finally, directly, at once)","chunkIds":["adv-manner-9","adv-manner-3","adv-manner-1","adv-manner-17","adv-manner-2","adv-manner-15","adv-manner-14","adv-manner-10","adv-manner-5","adv-manner-6","adv-manner-12","adv-manner-19","adv-manner-4","adv-manner-11","adv-manner-8","adv-manner-7","adv-manner-13","adv-manner-18","adv-manner-16"]},{"key":"adv-degree","name":"Degree words","scope":"Degree words the main list lacks (totemo, zuibun, wari to, mattaku, daibu, sara ni, masumasu)","chunkIds":["adv-degree-2","adv-degree-3","adv-degree-8","adv-degree-6","adv-degree-1","adv-degree-7","adv-degree-9","adv-degree-5","adv-degree-4"]},{"key":"adv-mimetic","name":"Sound and feeling words","scope":"Sound & feeling words / mimetics (dokidoki, wakuwaku, iraira, gussuri, pittari, girigiri, perapera)","chunkIds":["adv-mimetic-1","adv-mimetic-2","adv-mimetic-3","adv-mimetic-7","adv-mimetic-8","adv-mimetic-4","adv-mimetic-6","adv-mimetic-9","adv-mimetic-10","adv-mimetic-11","adv-mimetic-5","adv-mimetic-12"]},{"key":"connect","name":"Connectors","scope":"Connectors & discourse words the main list lacks (soshite, sore ni, tokoro de, sore demo, sore to mo, chinami ni)","chunkIds":["connect-1","connect-4","connect-3","connect-6","connect-5","connect-2"]}],"blocks":[{"id":"v-body-1","label":"Hungry, thirsty, sleepy, drunk","rationale":"Say how your body is doing right now.","interference":"onaka suita and nodo kawaita are past forms but mean 'I'm hungry' and 'I'm thirsty' now.","items":[{"id":"w-suku","romaji":"suku","polite":"sukimasu","english":"get hungry (stomach); empty out, get less crowded","use":"Mostly onaka ga suita (I'm hungry) and suite iru (not crowded).","ja":"空く","kana":"すく","politeJa":"空きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aa, onaka suita! nanka tabeyou.","ja":"ああ、お腹すいた！なんか食べよう。","english":"Ugh, I'm starving! Let's eat something."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"onaka ga sukimashita ne. nanika tabemashou.","ja":"お腹がすきましたね。何か食べましょう。","english":"I'm getting hungry. Let's eat something."},"freqRank":1498,"score":4,"notes":"The same kanji read aku means 'become free': seki ga aita (a seat opened up).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":1},{"id":"w-kawaku","romaji":"kawaku","polite":"kawakimasu","english":"dry, get dry; get thirsty (nodo ga kawaku)","use":null,"ja":"乾く","kana":"かわく","politeJa":"乾きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nodo kawaita. nanka nomou.","ja":"喉乾いた。なんか飲もう。","english":"I'm thirsty. Let's get a drink."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nodo ga kawakimashita. nanika nomimashou.","ja":"喉が乾きました。何か飲みましょう。","english":"I'm thirsty. Let's have something to drink."},"freqRank":6556,"score":4,"notes":"For thirst the strict kanji is 渇く. Laundry: sentakumono ga kawaita (the washing's dry).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":2},{"id":"w-nemuru","romaji":"nemuru","polite":"nemurimasu","english":"sleep, fall asleep","use":"Actually being asleep; going to bed is neru.","ja":"眠る","kana":"ねむる","politeJa":"眠ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yuube wa atsukute zenzen nemurenakatta.","ja":"夕べは暑くて全然眠れなかった。","english":"It was so hot I couldn't sleep at all last night."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yuube wa atsukute zenzen nemuremasen deshita.","ja":"夕べは暑くて全然眠れませんでした。","english":"It was so hot I couldn't sleep at all last night."},"freqRank":1455,"score":3,"notes":"nemui = sleepy. nemurenai (can't sleep) is the form you'll hear most.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":3},{"id":"w-yopparau","romaji":"yopparau","polite":"yopparaimasu","english":"get drunk","use":"yopparatteru = is drunk; yopparai = a drunk.","ja":"酔っ払う","kana":"よっぱらう","politeJa":"酔っ払います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, mou yopparatteru yo.","ja":"彼、もう酔っ払ってるよ。","english":"He's already drunk."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa mou yopparatte imasu yo.","ja":"彼はもう酔っ払っていますよ。","english":"He's already drunk."},"freqRank":3569,"score":4,"notes":"A softer 'I'm a bit tipsy' is yotchatta.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":4}],"stage":1,"range":"1-4","category":"Verbs: the body"},{"id":"v-home-3","label":"Clothes and weight","rationale":"Talk about what you wear, how it looks on you, and gaining or losing weight.","interference":"futotta and yaseta are past forms used for how someone is now.","items":[{"id":"w-kiru","romaji":"kiru","polite":"kimasu","english":"wear, put on (shirts, jackets, dresses)","use":"Upper-body or whole-body clothes; trousers and shoes are haku, hats kaburu.","ja":"着る","kana":"きる","politeJa":"着ます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita no paatii, nani kiru?","ja":"明日のパーティー、何着る？","english":"What are you wearing to the party tomorrow?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita no paatii ni wa nani o kimasu ka?","ja":"明日のパーティーには何を着ますか？","english":"What will you wear to the party tomorrow?"},"freqRank":754,"score":4,"notes":"kite iru = is wearing. Sounds like kiru 'cut', but goes kimasu, kite.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":5},{"id":"w-niau","romaji":"niau","polite":"niaimasu","english":"suit, look good on","use":"Mostly a compliment on clothes, hair or glasses, often as niatteru.","ja":"似合う","kana":"にあう","politeJa":"似合います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono fuku, sugoku niau ne.","ja":"その服、すごく似合うね。","english":"That outfit really suits you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono fuku, totemo niaimasu ne.","ja":"その服、とても似合いますね。","english":"That outfit looks great on you."},"freqRank":941,"score":4,"notes":"oniai desu is the polite version shop staff use.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":6},{"id":"w-futoru","romaji":"futoru","polite":"futorimasu","english":"put on weight, get fat","use":"futotta = I've put on weight; futotte iru = is fat.","ja":"太る","kana":"ふとる","politeJa":"太ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin chotto futotchatta kamo.","ja":"最近ちょっと太っちゃったかも。","english":"I might've put on a bit of weight lately."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin sukoshi futotte shimatta kamo shiremasen.","ja":"最近少し太ってしまったかもしれません。","english":"I may have put on a little weight lately."},"freqRank":3392,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: yaseru. Telling someone else futotta is rude.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":7},{"id":"w-yaseru","romaji":"yaseru","polite":"yasemasu","english":"lose weight, get thin","use":"yaseta? (have you lost weight?) is a common compliment.","ja":"痩せる","kana":"やせる","politeJa":"痩せます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yaseta? nanka kirei ni natta ne.","ja":"痩せた？なんか綺麗になったね。","english":"Have you lost weight? You look great."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yasemashita ka? kirei ni narimashita ne.","ja":"痩せましたか？綺麗になりましたね。","english":"Have you lost weight? You look lovely."},"freqRank":4363,"score":4,"notes":"yasete iru = is thin. Opposite: futoru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":8}],"stage":1,"range":"5-8","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-talk-2","label":"Inviting and introducing","rationale":"Lets you call people over, introduce them, invite them and turn invitations down.","interference":"Yobu (call over, have round) vs sasou (ask along); neither means phoning.","items":[{"id":"w-yobu","romaji":"yobu","polite":"yobimasu","english":"call (over); invite; send for; call (by a name)","use":"Not phoning, which is denwa suru.","ja":"呼ぶ","kana":"よぶ","politeJa":"呼びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nante yobeba ii?","ja":"何て呼べばいい?","english":"What should I call you?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nan to yobeba ii desu ka?","ja":"何と呼べばいいですか?","english":"What should I call you?"},"freqRank":204,"score":4,"notes":"Also 'invite': tomodachi o ie ni yobu. Kyuukyuusha yonde! = call an ambulance!","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":9},{"id":"w-shoukai-suru","romaji":"shoukai suru","polite":"shoukai shimasu","english":"introduce; recommend","use":"Introducing people to each other, or pointing someone to a place or service.","ja":"紹介する","kana":"しょうかいする","politeJa":"紹介します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dareka ii hito shoukai shite yo.","ja":"誰かいい人紹介してよ。","english":"Introduce me to someone nice."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dareka ii hito o shoukai shite kudasai.","ja":"誰かいい人を紹介してください。","english":"Please introduce me to someone nice."},"freqRank":643,"score":3,"notes":"Jiko shoukai = self-introduction.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":10},{"id":"w-sasou","romaji":"sasou","polite":"sasoimasu","english":"invite; ask out","use":"Asking someone to come along, or asking someone on a date.","ja":"誘う","kana":"さそう","politeJa":"誘います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo, eiga ni sasotte miyou ka na.","ja":"彼女、映画に誘ってみようかな。","english":"Maybe I'll ask her to a movie."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo o eiga ni sasotte miyou to omoimasu.","ja":"彼女を映画に誘ってみようと思います。","english":"I think I'll ask her to a movie."},"freqRank":773,"score":3,"notes":"Being invited is sasowareru. Shoutai suru is for formal invitations.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":11},{"id":"w-kotowaru","romaji":"kotowaru","polite":"kotowarimasu","english":"refuse, turn down; say no","use":"Declining an invitation, request or offer.","ja":"断る","kana":"ことわる","politeJa":"断ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nomikai ni sasowareta kedo, kotowatchatta.","ja":"飲み会に誘われたけど、断っちゃった。","english":"I got invited out drinking but turned it down."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nomikai ni sasowaremashita ga, kotowarimashita.","ja":"飲み会に誘われましたが、断りました。","english":"I was invited out drinking, but I declined."},"freqRank":676,"score":3,"notes":"On a sign, okotowari shimasu means 'not allowed'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":12}],"stage":1,"range":"9-12","category":"Verbs: talking"},{"id":"v-mind-1","label":"Knowing and remembering","rationale":"Lets you say you don't know, can't remember, got it wrong, or understand.","interference":"Shiranai (no information) vs wakaranai (not sure); omoidasu (recall) vs oboete iru (still remember).","items":[{"id":"w-shiranai","romaji":"shiranai","polite":"shirimasen","english":"don't know; not know (someone)","use":"Means you have no information; for 'I'm not sure', wakaranai is softer.","ja":"知らない","kana":"しらない","politeJa":"知りません","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna hito, shiranai yo.","ja":"そんな人、知らないよ。","english":"I don't know anyone like that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sonna hito wa shirimasen.","ja":"そんな人は知りません。","english":"I don't know anyone like that."},"freqRank":669,"score":5,"notes":"The negative of shiru; 'I know' is shitte iru (shitteru), never shiru. Shiranai hito = a stranger.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":13},{"id":"w-omoidasu","romaji":"omoidasu","polite":"omoidashimasu","english":"remember, recall; be reminded of","use":null,"ja":"思い出す","kana":"おもいだす","politeJa":"思い出します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito no namae, omoidasenai.","ja":"あの人の名前、思い出せない。","english":"I can't remember that person's name."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano kata no namae ga omoidasemasen.","ja":"あの方の名前が思い出せません。","english":"I can't remember that person's name."},"freqRank":424,"score":4,"notes":"Omoidasu is the moment it comes back; oboete iru is still having it in memory.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":14},{"id":"w-kanchigai-suru","romaji":"kanchigai suru","polite":"kanchigai shimasu","english":"get the wrong idea; mistake (one thing for another)","use":null,"ja":"勘違いする","kana":"かんちがいする","politeJa":"勘違いします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, ashita da to kanchigai shiteta.","ja":"ごめん、明日だと勘違いしてた。","english":"Sorry, I thought it was tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, ashita da to kanchigai shite imashita.","ja":"すみません、明日だと勘違いしていました。","english":"Sorry, I thought it was tomorrow."},"freqRank":1001,"score":4,"notes":"Kanchigai shinaide = don't get the wrong idea. Machigai is a mistake you make; kanchigai is a wrong belief.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":15},{"id":"w-rikai-suru","romaji":"rikai suru","polite":"rikai shimasu","english":"understand","use":"A step more formal than wakaru; also being understanding toward someone.","ja":"理解する","kana":"りかいする","politeJa":"理解します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oya ga zenzen rikai shite kurenai.","ja":"親が全然理解してくれない。","english":"My parents just don't understand me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"oya ga zenzen rikai shite kuremasen.","ja":"親が全然理解してくれません。","english":"My parents just don't understand me."},"freqRank":943,"score":3,"notes":"Day to day, wakaru is the usual 'understand'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":16}],"stage":1,"range":"13-16","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-mind-4","label":"Hopes, worries, regrets","rationale":"Lets you talk about hoping, holding on, agonising and regretting.","interference":"Nayamu (torn or troubled) vs shinpai suru (afraid something bad will happen).","items":[{"id":"w-kitai-suru","romaji":"kitai suru","polite":"kitai shimasu","english":"expect; hope for; count on","use":"Hoping for something good, or expectations placed on someone.","ja":"期待する","kana":"きたいする","politeJa":"期待します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"anmari kitai shinaide ne.","ja":"あんまり期待しないでね。","english":"Don't get your hopes up too much."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"amari kitai shinaide kudasai ne.","ja":"あまり期待しないでくださいね。","english":"Please don't expect too much."},"freqRank":792,"score":4,"notes":"Kitai shiteru yo = I'm counting on you. Kitaihazure = a letdown.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":17},{"id":"w-gaman-suru","romaji":"gaman suru","polite":"gaman shimasu","english":"put up with; hold back; hold it in","use":"Enduring pain or waiting, or holding back from something you want.","ja":"我慢する","kana":"がまんする","politeJa":"我慢します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou chotto gaman shite.","ja":"もうちょっと我慢して。","english":"Hang in there a bit longer."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou sukoshi gaman shite kudasai.","ja":"もう少し我慢してください。","english":"Please bear with it a little longer."},"freqRank":891,"score":4,"notes":"Mou gaman dekinai = I can't take it anymore.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":18},{"id":"w-koukai-suru","romaji":"koukai suru","polite":"koukai shimasu","english":"regret","use":null,"ja":"後悔する","kana":"こうかいする","politeJa":"後悔します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima yaranai to, zettai koukai suru yo.","ja":"今やらないと、絶対後悔するよ。","english":"If you don't do it now, you'll regret it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima yaranai to, kitto koukai shimasu yo.","ja":"今やらないと、きっと後悔しますよ。","english":"If you don't do it now, you'll regret it."},"freqRank":895,"score":3,"notes":"Koukai shitenai = I have no regrets.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":19},{"id":"w-nayamu","romaji":"nayamu","polite":"nayamimasu","english":"worry about; agonise over; be torn","use":"Being troubled by something or stuck on a choice: X de nayamu.","ja":"悩む","kana":"なやむ","politeJa":"悩みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dotchi ni suru ka mada nayanderu.","ja":"どっちにするかまだ悩んでる。","english":"I still can't decide which one to pick."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dochira ni suru ka mada nayande imasu.","ja":"どちらにするかまだ悩んでいます。","english":"I'm still deciding which one to pick."},"freqRank":944,"score":3,"notes":"Nayami = a worry, a problem. Shinpai suru is fearing what might happen.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":20}],"stage":1,"range":"17-20","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-mind-8","label":"Excited and moved","rationale":"Lets you describe a lively mood, being moved and getting worked up.","interference":"Moriagaru is a lively group mood; koufun suru is one person worked up.","items":[{"id":"w-moriagaru","romaji":"moriagaru","polite":"moriagarimasu","english":"liven up, get lively; get excited (as a group)","use":"For parties, chats or crowds getting fun.","ja":"盛り上がる","kana":"もりあがる","politeJa":"盛り上がります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou no nomikai, sugoku moriagatta ne.","ja":"昨日の飲み会、すごく盛り上がったね。","english":"Last night's drinks were really lively, weren't they?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou no nomikai wa sugoku moriagarimashita ne.","ja":"昨日の飲み会はすごく盛り上がりましたね。","english":"Last night's drinks were really lively, weren't they?"},"freqRank":1777,"score":4,"notes":"Moriageru is making it lively: 'ba o moriageru' (liven up the room).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":21},{"id":"w-kandou-suru","romaji":"kandou suru","polite":"kandou shimasu","english":"be moved, be touched","use":"For films, music, kindness or a view that stirs you: 'Kandou shita!'.","ja":"感動する","kana":"かんどうする","politeJa":"感動します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano eiga, hontou ni kandou shita.","ja":"あの映画、本当に感動した。","english":"That movie really moved me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano eiga ni wa hontou ni kandou shimashita.","ja":"あの映画には本当に感動しました。","english":"That movie really moved me."},"freqRank":1724,"score":3,"notes":"Wider than English 'moved': also for being blown away by great food or skill.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":22},{"id":"w-koufun-suru","romaji":"koufun suru","polite":"koufun shimasu","english":"get excited, get worked up","use":"For one person's excitement or agitation.","ja":"興奮する","kana":"こうふんする","politeJa":"興奮します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koufun shite zenzen nerenakatta.","ja":"興奮して全然寝れなかった。","english":"I was too excited to sleep at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koufun shite zenzen nemuremasen deshita.","ja":"興奮して全然眠れませんでした。","english":"I was too excited to sleep at all."},"freqRank":2680,"score":3,"notes":"It can also mean agitated or angry, so wakuwaku suru is safer for happy anticipation.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":23}],"stage":1,"range":"21-23","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-mind-6","label":"Hurt, down or angry","rationale":"Lets you say you're feeling low, hurt or annoyed.","interference":"Mukatsuku is cruder than haradatsu; kizutsuku is hurt feelings, ochikomu is a low mood.","items":[{"id":"w-ochikomu","romaji":"ochikomu","polite":"ochikomimasu","english":"feel down, be depressed","use":"Usually in -te iru: 'Ochikonderu' (She's feeling down). 'Ochikomanaide' means 'Don't let it get you down'.","ja":"落ち込む","kana":"おちこむ","politeJa":"落ち込みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shiken ni ochite, ochikonderu n da.","ja":"試験に落ちて、落ち込んでるんだ。","english":"I failed the exam, so I'm feeling down."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shiken ni ochite, ochikonde iru n desu.","ja":"試験に落ちて、落ち込んでいるんです。","english":"I failed the exam, so I'm feeling down."},"freqRank":1647,"score":4,"notes":"Also sales or numbers dropping.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":24},{"id":"w-kizutsuku","romaji":"kizutsuku","polite":"kizutsukimasu","english":"get hurt (feelings); get damaged","use":"Mostly emotional hurt from words or actions.","ja":"傷つく","kana":"きずつく","politeJa":"傷つきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna koto iwareru to kizutsuku yo.","ja":"そんなこと言われると傷つくよ。","english":"It hurts when you say things like that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sonna koto o iwareru to kizutsukimasu yo.","ja":"そんなことを言われると傷つきますよ。","english":"It hurts when you say things like that."},"freqRank":1218,"score":3,"notes":"Kizutsukeru is the other side: to hurt someone.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":25},{"id":"w-mukatsuku","romaji":"mukatsuku","polite":null,"english":"be pissed off; be annoying","use":"Said about the person or thing: 'Aitsu mukatsuku' (That guy pisses me off).","ja":"ムカつく","kana":"むかつく","politeJa":null,"pos":"verb","flags":["rough","casual-only"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito no taido, maji mukatsuku.","ja":"あの人の態度、マジムカつく。","english":"That guy's attitude really pisses me off."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":2147,"score":4,"notes":"Its original sense is feeling sick to the stomach. Softer: haradatsu or iraira suru.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":26},{"id":"w-haradatsu","romaji":"haradatsu","polite":"hara ga tachimasu","english":"be infuriating; get angry","use":"Said about what makes you mad: 'Are, hontou ni haradatsu' (That really makes me mad).","ja":"腹立つ","kana":"はらだつ","politeJa":"腹が立ちます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima omoidashite mo haradatsu.","ja":"今思い出しても腹立つ。","english":"It still makes me mad just thinking about it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima omoidashite mo hara ga tachimasu.","ja":"今思い出しても腹が立ちます。","english":"It still makes me angry just thinking about it."},"freqRank":3906,"score":4,"notes":"Full form hara ga tatsu. Less crude than mukatsuku.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":27}],"stage":1,"range":"24-27","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-mind-7","label":"Panic and nerves","rationale":"Covers feeling rushed, panicking, getting scared and getting careless.","interference":"Aseru is pressure you feel, awateru is flustered action.","items":[{"id":"w-aseru","romaji":"aseru","polite":"aserimasu","english":"panic, feel rushed; be impatient","use":"'Aseranaide' means 'No need to rush'.","ja":"焦る","kana":"あせる","politeJa":"焦ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aseranakute ii yo. mada jikan aru kara.","ja":"焦らなくていいよ。まだ時間あるから。","english":"No need to rush. There's still time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"aseranakute ii desu yo. mada jikan ga arimasu kara.","ja":"焦らなくていいですよ。まだ時間がありますから。","english":"No need to rush. There's still time."},"freqRank":1189,"score":4,"notes":"It conjugates like kaeru (go home): aseranai, aserimasu, not asenai.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":28},{"id":"w-awateru","romaji":"awateru","polite":"awatemasu","english":"panic, be flustered; rush","use":"Awatete (in a rush) is the most common form; 'Awatenaide' means 'Don't panic'.","ja":"慌てる","kana":"あわてる","politeJa":"慌てます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nebou shite, awatete ie o deta.","ja":"寝坊して、慌てて家を出た。","english":"I overslept and rushed out of the house."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nebou shite, awatete ie o demashita.","ja":"寝坊して、慌てて家を出ました。","english":"I overslept and rushed out of the house."},"freqRank":1788,"score":3,"notes":"Aseru is the pressure you feel inside; awateru is flustered, hurried action.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":29},{"id":"w-bibiru","romaji":"bibiru","polite":"bibirimasu","english":"get scared, be startled; chicken out","use":"'Bibitta!' means 'That scared me!'.","ja":"ビビる","kana":"びびる","politeJa":"ビビります","pos":"verb","flags":["slang"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyuu ni inu ga dete kite, bibitta yo.","ja":"急に犬が出てきて、ビビったよ。","english":"A dog suddenly jumped out and scared me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyuu ni inu ga dete kite, bibirimashita.","ja":"急に犬が出てきて、ビビりました。","english":"A dog suddenly jumped out and gave me a fright."},"freqRank":2715,"score":4,"notes":"Bibiri is a scaredy-cat. Neutral words: odoroku (be surprised), kowai (scary).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":30},{"id":"w-yudan-suru","romaji":"yudan suru","polite":"yudan shimasu","english":"let one's guard down, get careless","use":"Mostly as a warning: 'Yudan suru na' (Don't let your guard down).","ja":"油断する","kana":"ゆだんする","politeJa":"油断します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saigo made yudan shicha dame da yo.","ja":"最後まで油断しちゃだめだよ。","english":"Don't let your guard down until the very end."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saigo made yudan shinaide kudasai ne.","ja":"最後まで油断しないでくださいね。","english":"Please don't let your guard down until the very end."},"freqRank":2841,"score":3,"notes":"'Yudan dekinai' means you have to stay on your toes around someone or something.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":31}],"stage":1,"range":"28-31","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-mind-5","label":"Noticing and guessing","rationale":"Lets you say you noticed, had an idea, expected or wrongly assumed something.","interference":"Omoitsuku (think up) gets mixed with omoidasu (remember); omoikomu is always a mistaken belief.","items":[{"id":"w-kizuku","romaji":"kizuku","polite":"kizukimasu","english":"notice, realise","use":"The thing noticed takes ni: 'Machigai ni kizuita' (I noticed the mistake).","ja":"気付く","kana":"きづく","politeJa":"気付きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, zenzen kizukanakatta yo.","ja":"ごめん、全然気付かなかったよ。","english":"Sorry, I didn't notice at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, zenzen kizukimasen deshita.","ja":"すみません、全然気付きませんでした。","english":"Sorry, I didn't notice at all."},"freqRank":1083,"score":4,"notes":"Also written 気づく; ki ga tsuku means the same.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":32},{"id":"w-omoitsuku","romaji":"omoitsuku","polite":"omoitsukimasu","english":"think of, come up with (an idea)","use":"For an idea popping into your head: 'Ii koto omoitsuita!' (I've got a great idea!).","ja":"思いつく","kana":"おもいつく","politeJa":"思いつきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanika ii aidea omoitsuita?","ja":"何かいいアイデア思いついた？","english":"Have you thought of any good ideas?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nanika ii aidea o omoitsukimashita ka?","ja":"何かいいアイデアを思いつきましたか？","english":"Have you thought of any good ideas?"},"freqRank":1957,"score":3,"notes":"Omoidasu (remember) sounds close: omoitsuku is a new thought, omoidasu an old one.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":33},{"id":"w-yosou","romaji":"yosou","polite":null,"english":"expectation, guess; prediction","use":"Common in 'yosou yori' (than expected), 'yosou doori' (as expected) and 'yosou gai' (unexpected).","ja":"予想","kana":"よそう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, yosou yori zutto oishii ne.","ja":"これ、予想よりずっとおいしいね。","english":"This is way tastier than I expected."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore, yosou yori zutto oishii desu ne.","ja":"これ、予想よりずっとおいしいですね。","english":"This is much tastier than I expected."},"freqRank":2712,"score":3,"notes":"Also yosou suru (predict, guess), as with scores or results.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":34},{"id":"w-omoikomu","romaji":"omoikomu","polite":"omoikomimasu","english":"assume, be convinced (of something wrong)","use":"Usually about a belief that turns out to be wrong.","ja":"思い込む","kana":"おもいこむ","politeJa":"思い込みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa yasumi da to omoikondeta.","ja":"今日は休みだと思い込んでた。","english":"I was sure today was a day off."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa yasumi da to omoikonde imashita.","ja":"今日は休みだと思い込んでいました。","english":"I was convinced today was a day off."},"freqRank":2776,"score":3,"notes":"The noun omoikomi means a mistaken belief or preconception.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":35}],"stage":1,"range":"32-35","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-social-4","label":"Meeting and marrying","rationale":"Lets you tell how a couple met, married or divorced.","interference":"Deau is a first or chance meeting, shiriau is getting acquainted; au is meeting up as planned.","items":[{"id":"w-kekkon-suru","romaji":"kekkon suru","polite":"kekkon shimasu","english":"get married; marriage","use":"'Kekkon shite iru' means 'is married'; the partner takes to.","ja":"結婚する","kana":"けっこんする","politeJa":"結婚します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ani ga raigetsu kekkon suru n da.","ja":"兄が来月結婚するんだ。","english":"My brother's getting married next month."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ani ga raigetsu kekkon suru n desu.","ja":"兄が来月結婚するんです。","english":"My brother's getting married next month."},"freqRank":414,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":36},{"id":"w-deau","romaji":"deau","polite":"deaimasu","english":"meet (for the first time), come across","use":"For a first meeting, often a meaningful one.","ja":"出会う","kana":"であう","politeJa":"出会います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"futari wa doko de deatta no?","ja":"二人はどこで出会ったの？","english":"Where did you two meet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"futari wa doko de deatta n desu ka?","ja":"二人はどこで出会ったんですか？","english":"Where did you two meet?"},"freqRank":608,"score":3,"notes":"Au is meeting up as planned; deau is meeting for the first time or by chance.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":37},{"id":"w-rikon-suru","romaji":"rikon suru","polite":"rikon shimasu","english":"get divorced; divorce","use":"The ex-partner takes to: 'Kare to rikon shita'.","ja":"離婚する","kana":"りこんする","politeJa":"離婚します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ryoushin wa mukashi rikon shita n da.","ja":"両親は昔離婚したんだ。","english":"My parents divorced a long time ago."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ryoushin wa mukashi rikon shita n desu.","ja":"両親は昔離婚したんです。","english":"My parents divorced a long time ago."},"freqRank":1298,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":38},{"id":"w-shiriau","romaji":"shiriau","polite":"shiriaimasu","english":"get to know, meet","use":"Mostly in the past, for how people first met.","ja":"知り合う","kana":"しりあう","politeJa":"知り合います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo to wa shigoto de shiriatta n da.","ja":"彼女とは仕事で知り合ったんだ。","english":"I met her through work."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo to wa shigoto de shiriatta n desu.","ja":"彼女とは仕事で知り合ったんです。","english":"I met her through work."},"freqRank":1862,"score":3,"notes":"The noun shiriai means an acquaintance.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":39},{"id":"w-puropoozu-suru","romaji":"puropoozu suru","polite":"puropoozu shimasu","english":"propose (marriage); marriage proposal","use":"The person proposed to takes ni; 'puropoozu sareta' means 'got proposed to'.","ja":"プロポーズする","kana":"プロポーズする","politeJa":"プロポーズします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou kare ni puropoozu sareta!","ja":"昨日彼にプロポーズされた！","english":"He proposed to me yesterday!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou kare ni puropoozu saremashita.","ja":"昨日彼にプロポーズされました。","english":"He proposed to me yesterday."},"freqRank":2812,"score":3,"notes":"Only for marriage; a business proposal is teian.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":40}],"stage":1,"range":"36-40","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-social-3","label":"Dating and breaking up","rationale":"Lets you talk about asking someone out, dating, being popular and splitting up.","interference":"Wakareta (broke up) sounds like wakatta (got it).","items":[{"id":"w-tsukiau","romaji":"tsukiau","polite":"tsukiaimasu","english":"go out with, date; keep someone company","use":"'Tsukiatte kudasai' is the classic ask to be someone's partner; 'tsukiatteru' means they're dating.","ja":"付き合う","kana":"つきあう","politeJa":"付き合います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano futari, tsukiatteru rashii yo.","ja":"あの二人、付き合ってるらしいよ。","english":"Apparently those two are going out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano futari wa tsukiatte iru rashii desu yo.","ja":"あの二人は付き合っているらしいですよ。","english":"Apparently those two are going out."},"freqRank":1341,"score":4,"notes":"Second sense: come along with someone, as in 'Kaimono ni tsukiatte' (come shopping with me).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":41},{"id":"w-wakareru","romaji":"wakareru","polite":"wakaremasu","english":"break up; part, say goodbye","use":"The person you split from takes to: 'Kare to wakareta' (I broke up with him).","ja":"別れる","kana":"わかれる","politeJa":"別れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo to wakareta n da.","ja":"彼女と別れたんだ。","english":"I broke up with my girlfriend."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo to wakareta n desu.","ja":"彼女と別れたんです。","english":"I broke up with my girlfriend."},"freqRank":721,"score":3,"notes":"Wakareta (broke up) sounds close to wakatta (got it).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":42},{"id":"w-kokuhaku-suru","romaji":"kokuhaku suru","polite":"kokuhaku shimasu","english":"confess one's feelings, ask someone out","use":"The big moment of telling someone you like them and asking to date.","ja":"告白する","kana":"こくはくする","politeJa":"告白します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, yuki ni kokuhaku shita n da.","ja":"昨日、ユキに告白したんだ。","english":"I told Yuki how I feel yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou, yuki-san ni kokuhaku shita n desu.","ja":"昨日、ユキさんに告白したんです。","english":"I told Yuki how I feel yesterday."},"freqRank":1705,"score":3,"notes":"Slang kokuru is short for kokuhaku suru. It can also mean confessing a secret, but the romance sense dominates.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":43},{"id":"w-moteru","romaji":"moteru","polite":"motemasu","english":"be popular romantically, get a lot of attention","use":"Often as motesou (looks like they'd be popular) or motenai (gets no attention).","ja":"モテる","kana":"もてる","politeJa":"モテます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, zettai moteru yo ne.","ja":"彼、絶対モテるよね。","english":"I bet he's really popular with girls."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa zettai motemasu yo ne.","ja":"彼は絶対モテますよね。","english":"I bet he's really popular with girls."},"freqRank":2224,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":44}],"stage":1,"range":"41-44","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-social-6","label":"Joking around","rationale":"Lets you react to jokes and talk about teasing and messing around.","interference":"Ukeru and waraeru both mean 'that's funny'; 'Fuzakeru na!' is angry, not playful.","items":[{"id":"w-fuzakeru","romaji":"fuzakeru","polite":"fuzakemasu","english":"mess around, joke around","use":"'Fuzakenaide' means 'Stop messing around'; 'Fuzakeru na!' is an angry 'Don't screw with me!'.","ja":"ふざける","kana":"ふざける","politeJa":"ふざけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"fuzakenaide, chanto kiite yo.","ja":"ふざけないで、ちゃんと聞いてよ。","english":"Stop messing around and listen properly."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"fuzakenaide, chanto kiite kudasai.","ja":"ふざけないで、ちゃんと聞いてください。","english":"Please stop messing around and listen properly."},"freqRank":1071,"score":3,"notes":"Fuzaketa describes something outrageous: 'fuzaketa hanashi' (a ridiculous story).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":45},{"id":"w-ukeru","romaji":"ukeru","polite":"ukemasu","english":"be funny, get a laugh; go down well","use":"'Ukeru!' alone is a casual 'LOL, that's hilarious'.","ja":"ウケる","kana":"うける","politeJa":"ウケます","pos":"verb","flags":["slang"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare no joudan, minna ni uketeta ne.","ja":"彼の冗談、みんなにウケてたね。","english":"Everyone loved his joke."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare no joudan, minna ni ukete imashita ne.","ja":"彼の冗談、みんなにウケていましたね。","english":"Everyone loved his joke."},"freqRank":3245,"score":4,"notes":"Also a product or idea catching on: 'Wakai hito ni ukete iru'.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":46},{"id":"w-waraeru","romaji":"waraeru","polite":"waraemasu","english":"be hilarious; can laugh (about it)","use":"Said of something funny: 'Kore, maji waraeru'. Also 'Ima nara waraeru' (I can laugh about it now).","ja":"笑える","kana":"わらえる","politeJa":"笑えます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono douga, maji waraeru.","ja":"この動画、マジ笑える。","english":"This video is hilarious."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono douga, hontou ni waraemasu yo.","ja":"この動画、本当に笑えますよ。","english":"This video is really funny."},"freqRank":2359,"score":3,"notes":"'Waraenai' means it's no laughing matter.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":47},{"id":"w-karakau","romaji":"karakau","polite":"karakaimasu","english":"tease, make fun of","use":"Usually playful teasing.","ja":"からかう","kana":"からかう","politeJa":"からかいます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou, sonna ni karakawanaide yo.","ja":"もう、そんなにからかわないでよ。","english":"Come on, stop teasing me like that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sonna ni karakawanaide kudasai yo.","ja":"そんなにからかわないでくださいよ。","english":"Please stop teasing me like that."},"freqRank":2819,"score":3,"notes":"Lighter than baka ni suru (make fun of, look down on).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":48}],"stage":1,"range":"45-48","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-change-2","label":"Work and keep going","rationale":"Lets you talk about your job, things that go on, and getting used to them.","interference":"Tsuzuku is 'it goes on' while tsuzukeru is 'keep doing it'.","items":[{"id":"w-hataraku","romaji":"hataraku","polite":"hatarakimasu","english":"work (at a job)","use":null,"ja":"働く","kana":"はたらく","politeJa":"働きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"doko de hataraiteru no?","ja":"どこで働いてるの？","english":"Where do you work?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"doko de hataraite imasu ka?","ja":"どこで働いていますか？","english":"Where do you work?"},"freqRank":361,"score":5,"notes":"Shigoto suru also works for 'work'. For a machine 'working', use ugoku.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":49},{"id":"w-tsuzuku","romaji":"tsuzuku","polite":"tsuzukimasu","english":"continue; go on; last","use":"Things going on by themselves: rain, a streak, a story; on screen it means 'to be continued'.","ja":"続く","kana":"つづく","politeJa":"続きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono ame, itsu made tsuzuku n darou.","ja":"この雨、いつまで続くんだろう。","english":"I wonder how long this rain will keep up."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono ame wa itsu made tsuzuku n deshou ne.","ja":"この雨はいつまで続くんでしょうね。","english":"I wonder how long this rain will keep up."},"freqRank":443,"score":4,"notes":"Tsuzukeru is 'keep doing it' (you continue something): benkyou o tsuzukeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":50},{"id":"w-nareru","romaji":"nareru","polite":"naremasu","english":"get used to","use":"Takes ni (shigoto ni nareru); mostly heard as nareta (got used to it) or narete iru (am used to it).","ja":"慣れる","kana":"なれる","politeJa":"慣れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atarashii shigoto, mou nareta?","ja":"新しい仕事、もう慣れた？","english":"Used to the new job yet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atarashii shigoto ni wa mou naremashita ka?","ja":"新しい仕事にはもう慣れましたか？","english":"Have you got used to the new job yet?"},"freqRank":946,"score":4,"notes":"Same sound as nareru, 'can become' (the potential of naru).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":51}],"stage":1,"range":"49-51","category":"Verbs: change, start and end"},{"id":"v-life-1","label":"Living your life","rationale":"Lets you talk about being alive, how you live and how you spend your time.","interference":"ikiru and kurasu both translate as 'live', but where you live is sumu.","items":[{"id":"w-ikiru","romaji":"ikiru","polite":"ikimasu","english":"live; be alive","use":"Being alive or living a certain way; not for where you live.","ja":"生きる","kana":"いきる","politeJa":"生きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jibun no tame ni ikitai.","ja":"自分のために生きたい。","english":"I want to live for myself."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jibun no tame ni ikitai desu.","ja":"自分のために生きたいです。","english":"I want to live for myself."},"freqRank":211,"score":3,"notes":"Where you live is sumu: Tokyo ni sunde iru. ikiteru means 'alive'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":52},{"id":"w-kurasu-2","romaji":"kurasu","polite":"kurashimasu","english":"live; get by","use":"Day-to-day living, who with and how: hitori de kurasu (live alone).","ja":"暮らす","kana":"くらす","politeJa":"暮らします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima wa hitori de kurashiteru.","ja":"今は一人で暮らしてる。","english":"I live on my own now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima wa hitori de kurashite imasu.","ja":"今は一人で暮らしています。","english":"I live on my own now."},"freqRank":663,"score":3,"notes":"Noun: kurashi (life, lifestyle); hitorigurashi is living alone.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":53},{"id":"w-sugosu","romaji":"sugosu","polite":"sugoshimasu","english":"spend (time)","use":"Spending a stretch of time a certain way: holidays, weekends, time with someone.","ja":"過ごす","kana":"すごす","politeJa":"過ごします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuumatsu wa dou sugoshita?","ja":"週末はどう過ごした？","english":"How did you spend the weekend?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuumatsu wa dou sugoshimashita ka?","ja":"週末はどう過ごしましたか？","english":"How did you spend the weekend?"},"freqRank":917,"score":3,"notes":"For spending money, use tsukau.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":54}],"stage":1,"range":"52-54","category":"Verbs: life and living"},{"id":"n-people-4","label":"Girls boys men women","rationale":"Lets you point out and describe the people around you.","interference":"ko (child) vs hito (person); onna no ko can still mean a young woman.","items":[{"id":"w-onna-no-ko","romaji":"onna no ko","polite":null,"english":"girl","use":"Also used casually for young women, not just children.","ja":"女の子","kana":"おんなのこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano onna no ko, dare?","ja":"あの女の子、誰？","english":"Who's that girl?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano onna no ko wa dare desu ka?","ja":"あの女の子は誰ですか？","english":"Who is that girl?"},"freqRank":845,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":55},{"id":"w-otoko-no-ko","romaji":"otoko no ko","polite":null,"english":"boy","use":"Also used casually for young men.","ja":"男の子","kana":"おとこのこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"akachan, otoko no ko datta n da.","ja":"赤ちゃん、男の子だったんだ。","english":"Oh, the baby was a boy!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"akachan wa otoko no ko datta n desu ne.","ja":"赤ちゃんは男の子だったんですね。","english":"So the baby was a boy."},"freqRank":1751,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":56},{"id":"w-otoko-no-hito","romaji":"otoko no hito","polite":null,"english":"man","use":"The everyday neutral word; dansei is more formal, otoko can sound blunt.","ja":"男の人","kana":"おとこのひと","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sakki, shiranai otoko no hito ga kita yo.","ja":"さっき、知らない男の人が来たよ。","english":"Some man I didn't know came by earlier."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sakki, shiranai otoko no hito ga kimashita.","ja":"さっき、知らない男の人が来ました。","english":"A man I didn't know came by earlier."},"freqRank":1943,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":57},{"id":"w-onna-no-hito","romaji":"onna no hito","polite":null,"english":"woman","use":"The everyday neutral word; josei is more formal, onna can sound blunt.","ja":"女の人","kana":"おんなのひと","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano onna no hito, shitteru?","ja":"あの女の人、知ってる？","english":"Do you know that woman?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano onna no hito o shitte imasu ka?","ja":"あの女の人を知っていますか？","english":"Do you know that woman?"},"freqRank":2056,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":58}],"stage":1,"range":"55-58","category":"People"},{"id":"n-life-6","label":"When I was little","rationale":"Lets you start a story about your childhood or the past.","interference":"Touji (at the time) and toujitsu (on the day) sound alike.","items":[{"id":"w-kodomo-no-koro","romaji":"kodomo no koro","polite":null,"english":"when I was a kid; childhood","use":"The standard opener for a childhood memory.","ja":"子供の頃","kana":"こどものころ","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, yoku koko de asonda","ja":"子供の頃、よくここで遊んだ","english":"When I was a kid, I played here a lot."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, yoku koko de asobimashita","ja":"子供の頃、よくここで遊びました","english":"When I was a kid, I played here a lot."},"freqRank":2735,"score":4,"notes":"Kodomo no koro kara = ever since I was a kid. Chiisai koro means the same.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":59},{"id":"w-chiisai-koro","romaji":"chiisai koro","polite":null,"english":"when I was little","use":"A soft, everyday way to talk about early childhood.","ja":"小さい頃","kana":"ちいさいころ","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chiisai koro wa yasai kirai datta","ja":"小さい頃は野菜嫌いだった","english":"I hated vegetables when I was little."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chiisai koro wa yasai ga kirai deshita","ja":"小さい頃は野菜が嫌いでした","english":"I hated vegetables when I was little."},"freqRank":3203,"score":4,"notes":"Same as kodomo no koro. Chiisai here means young, not small.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":60},{"id":"w-ano-koro","romaji":"ano koro","polite":null,"english":"back then; in those days","use":"Points to a time both of you know, often with nostalgia.","ja":"あの頃","kana":"あのころ","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano koro wa tanoshikatta na","ja":"あの頃は楽しかったな","english":"Those were good times."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano koro wa tanoshikatta desu ne","ja":"あの頃は楽しかったですね","english":"Those were good times, weren't they?"},"freqRank":3145,"score":4,"notes":"Sono koro = at that time, in a story you're telling the listener.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":61},{"id":"w-touji","romaji":"touji","polite":null,"english":"at the time; back then","use":"Sets the scene when explaining past events: touji wa, touji no ~ (the ~ of that time).","ja":"当時","kana":"とうじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"touji wa mada gakusei datta","ja":"当時はまだ学生だった","english":"I was still a student at the time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"touji wa mada gakusei deshita","ja":"当時はまだ学生でした","english":"I was still a student at the time."},"freqRank":1207,"score":3,"notes":"More factual than ano koro. Don't mix it up with toujitsu (on the day).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":62}],"stage":1,"range":"59-62","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-mind-2","label":"Relief and worry","rationale":"Lets you say a worry has lifted or is still there, and whether you're satisfied.","interference":"Two pairs that sound alike: anshin / fuan and manzoku / fuman.","items":[{"id":"w-anshin-suru","romaji":"anshin suru","polite":"anshin shimasu","english":"be relieved; feel at ease","use":"Said when a worry lifts; anshin shite (don't worry) reassures someone.","ja":"安心する","kana":"あんしんする","politeJa":"安心します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"buji de yokatta, anshin shita yo","ja":"無事でよかった、安心したよ","english":"I'm so glad you're safe. What a relief."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"buji de yokatta desu, anshin shimashita","ja":"無事でよかったです、安心しました","english":"I'm so glad you're safe. What a relief."},"freqRank":481,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: fuan (anxious). Hotto suru is a softer 'feel relieved'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":63},{"id":"w-fuan","romaji":"fuan","polite":"fuan desu","english":"anxious; uneasy; anxiety","use":"A nagging worry about what's coming, not sudden fear.","ja":"不安","kana":"ふあん","politeJa":"不安です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita no mensetsu, chotto fuan","ja":"明日の面接、ちょっと不安","english":"I'm a bit nervous about tomorrow's interview."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita no mensetsu ga chotto fuan desu","ja":"明日の面接がちょっと不安です","english":"I'm a bit nervous about tomorrow's interview."},"freqRank":857,"score":4,"notes":"Fuan ni naru = start to worry. Shinpai is worry about a specific thing or person; fuan is a general uneasy feeling.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":64},{"id":"w-manzoku-suru","romaji":"manzoku suru","polite":"manzoku shimasu","english":"be satisfied; satisfaction","use":"Being content with a result or situation; also a jab: kore de manzoku? (Happy now?).","ja":"満足する","kana":"まんぞくする","politeJa":"満足します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kekka ni wa manzoku shiteru","ja":"この結果には満足してる","english":"I'm happy with how this turned out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kekka ni wa manzoku shite imasu","ja":"この結果には満足しています","english":"I'm happy with how this turned out."},"freqRank":1727,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: fuman. Also a na-adjective: manzoku na kekka (a satisfying result).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":65},{"id":"w-fuman","romaji":"fuman","polite":null,"english":"complaint; dissatisfaction","use":"A grievance you hold; most often fuman ga aru (have a complaint).","ja":"不満","kana":"ふまん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanka fuman demo aru no?","ja":"なんか不満でもあるの?","english":"Got a problem with that?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nanika fuman demo arimasu ka?","ja":"何か不満でもありますか?","english":"Is there something you're unhappy with?"},"freqRank":2064,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: manzoku. Fumansou na kao = a disgruntled look.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":66}],"stage":1,"range":"63-66","category":"Mind and feelings"},{"id":"n-mind-6","label":"Shock and hard times","rationale":"Lets you say something hurt, was awful, or was a hard thing to go through.","interference":"Shokku means hurt and let down, not surprised (bikkuri).","items":[{"id":"w-shokku","romaji":"shokku","polite":null,"english":"shock; upset; hurt","use":"Emotional hurt or disappointment: shokku! (I'm gutted), shokku o ukeru (be hit hard).","ja":"ショック","kana":"ショック","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore kiite, maji de shokku datta","ja":"それ聞いて、マジでショックだった","english":"Hearing that really hurt."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore o kiite, hontou ni shokku deshita","ja":"それを聞いて、本当にショックでした","english":"I was really upset to hear that."},"freqRank":1342,"score":4,"notes":"Mostly 'hurt and let down', not surprise; for surprise say bikkuri.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":67},{"id":"w-jigoku","romaji":"jigoku","polite":null,"english":"hell; a nightmare","use":"Used loosely for any awful situation.","ja":"地獄","kana":"じごく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"manin densha, maiasa jigoku da yo","ja":"満員電車、毎朝地獄だよ","english":"The packed train is hell every morning."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"manin densha wa maiasa jigoku desu","ja":"満員電車は毎朝地獄です","english":"The packed train is hell every morning."},"freqRank":1802,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: tengoku (heaven).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":68},{"id":"w-omoi-o-suru","romaji":"omoi o suru","polite":"omoi o shimasu","english":"go through (a feeling); have a (hard, lonely...) time","use":"Always after a feeling word: tsurai omoi o suru (have a hard time), hazukashii omoi o suru (be embarrassed).","ja":"思いをする","kana":"おもいをする","politeJa":"思いをします","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, sabishii omoi o shita","ja":"子供の頃、寂しい思いをした","english":"I was lonely a lot as a kid."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, sabishii omoi o shimashita","ja":"子供の頃、寂しい思いをしました","english":"I was often lonely as a child."},"freqRank":2427,"score":3,"notes":"Omoi o saseru = put someone through it: tsurai omoi sasete gomen (sorry for putting you through so much).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":69}],"stage":1,"range":"67-69","category":"Mind and feelings"},{"id":"n-mind-3","label":"Likes and love","rationale":"Lets you talk about your type, your love life, jealousy and what bores you.","interference":"Ren'ai is romance as a topic, not loving one person (suki).","items":[{"id":"w-kyoumi-nai","romaji":"kyoumi nai","polite":"kyoumi arimasen","english":"not interested; don't care about","use":"A flat brush-off: [thing] ni kyoumi nai.","ja":"興味ない","kana":"きょうみない","politeJa":"興味ありません","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna hanashi, kyoumi nai yo","ja":"そんな話、興味ないよ","english":"I'm not interested in that kind of thing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sou iu hanashi ni wa kyoumi arimasen","ja":"そういう話には興味ありません","english":"I'm not interested in that kind of thing."},"freqRank":1906,"score":4,"notes":"Positive: kyoumi ga aru (be interested). Said about a person, it sounds cold.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":70},{"id":"w-renai","romaji":"ren'ai","polite":null,"english":"romance; love life; dating","use":"Romantic love as a topic or part of life, not a feeling toward one person.","ja":"恋愛","kana":"れんあい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima wa ren'ai yori shigoto ga daiji","ja":"今は恋愛より仕事が大事","english":"Right now work matters more than romance."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima wa ren'ai yori shigoto ga daiji desu","ja":"今は恋愛より仕事が大事です","english":"Right now work matters more than romance."},"freqRank":1472,"score":3,"notes":"Loving one person is suki or koi. Ren'ai kekkon = a love marriage.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":71},{"id":"w-konomi","romaji":"konomi","polite":null,"english":"taste; preference; type","use":"What you like in food, style or people: watashi no konomi (my type).","ja":"好み","kana":"このみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, kanzen ni watashi no konomi","ja":"彼、完全に私の好み","english":"He's totally my type."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa kanzen ni watashi no konomi desu","ja":"彼は完全に私の好みです","english":"He's totally my type."},"freqRank":2551,"score":3,"notes":"Konomi ja nai = not my thing. For people, taipu is just as common.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":72},{"id":"w-shitto-suru","romaji":"shitto suru","polite":"shitto shimasu","english":"be jealous; jealousy","use":"Jealousy in love, and envy of someone's success.","ja":"嫉妬する","kana":"しっとする","politeJa":"嫉妬します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"betsu ni shitto shitenai shi","ja":"別に嫉妬してないし","english":"It's not like I'm jealous or anything."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"betsu ni shitto shite imasen yo","ja":"別に嫉妬していませんよ","english":"I'm not jealous, you know."},"freqRank":2205,"score":3,"notes":"Casual alternative: yakimochi o yaku. Urayamashii is the lighter 'I envy you'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":73}],"stage":1,"range":"70-73","category":"Mind and feelings"},{"id":"n-places-4","label":"School stages","rationale":"Lets you place memories by school stage, from primary to high school.","interference":"Chuugaku is middle school and koukou is high school; they're easy to swap.","items":[{"id":"w-koukou","romaji":"koukou","polite":null,"english":"high school","use":"Short for koutou gakkou; covers about ages 15 to 18.","ja":"高校","kana":"こうこう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koukou no toki, yakyuu yatteta.","ja":"高校の時、野球やってた。","english":"I played baseball in high school."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koukou no toki, yakyuu o yatte imashita.","ja":"高校の時、野球をやっていました。","english":"I played baseball in high school."},"freqRank":1007,"score":4,"notes":"Koukousei = a high-school student.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":74},{"id":"w-shougakkou","romaji":"shougakkou","polite":null,"english":"elementary school; primary school","use":"Six years, about ages 6 to 12.","ja":"小学校","kana":"しょうがっこう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shougakkou kara no tomodachi na n da.","ja":"小学校からの友達なんだ。","english":"We've been friends since elementary school."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shougakkou kara no tomodachi na n desu.","ja":"小学校からの友達なんです。","english":"We've been friends since elementary school."},"freqRank":1798,"score":4,"notes":"Shougakusei = an elementary-school pupil.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":75},{"id":"w-chuugaku","romaji":"chuugaku","polite":null,"english":"middle school; junior high","use":"Short for chuugakkou; about ages 12 to 15.","ja":"中学","kana":"ちゅうがく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chuugaku no toki, tenisubu datta.","ja":"中学の時、テニス部だった。","english":"I was in the tennis club in middle school."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chuugaku no toki wa tenisubu deshita.","ja":"中学の時はテニス部でした。","english":"I was in the tennis club in middle school."},"freqRank":1871,"score":4,"notes":"Chuugakusei = a middle-school student.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":76},{"id":"w-kyoushitsu","romaji":"kyoushitsu","polite":null,"english":"classroom; class, lessons (for a hobby or skill)","use":null,"ja":"教室","kana":"きょうしつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyoushitsu ni wasuremono shichatta.","ja":"教室に忘れ物しちゃった。","english":"I left something in the classroom."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyoushitsu ni wasuremono o shite shimaimashita.","ja":"教室に忘れ物をしてしまいました。","english":"I left something in the classroom."},"freqRank":2312,"score":3,"notes":"Adults hear the second sense most: ryouri kyoushitsu (cooking class), eikaiwa kyoushitsu (English school).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":77}],"stage":1,"range":"74-77","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-places-5","label":"Meeting new people","rationale":"Lets you introduce yourself, say where you're from and swap contacts.","interference":"Shusshin is where you're from; jimoto is where you grew up or live now.","items":[{"id":"w-jimoto","romaji":"jimoto","polite":null,"english":"hometown; local area","use":"The place you grew up, or the area you live in now; jimoto no = local.","ja":"地元","kana":"じもと","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oshougatsu wa jimoto ni kaeru yo.","ja":"お正月は地元に帰るよ。","english":"I'm going back home for New Year."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"oshougatsu wa jimoto ni kaerimasu.","ja":"お正月は地元に帰ります。","english":"I'm going back home for New Year."},"freqRank":1917,"score":4,"notes":"Jimoto no tomodachi = friends from back home.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":78},{"id":"w-shusshin","romaji":"shusshin","polite":null,"english":"where you're from; hometown","use":"Usually 'X shusshin' (from X); doko shusshin? is the standard 'where are you from?'.","ja":"出身","kana":"しゅっしん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tanaka-san tte, doko shusshin na no?","ja":"田中さんって、どこ出身なの？","english":"Tanaka, where are you from?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tanaka-san wa doko no shusshin desu ka?","ja":"田中さんはどこの出身ですか？","english":"Where are you from, Mr Tanaka?"},"freqRank":2209,"score":4,"notes":"Also the school you graduated from: Toudai shusshin (a Tokyo University graduate).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":79},{"id":"w-jikoshoukai","romaji":"jikoshoukai","polite":null,"english":"self-introduction","use":"Usually 'jikoshoukai suru' (introduce yourself); expected at first meetings, classes and new jobs.","ja":"自己紹介","kana":"じこしょうかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, mazu jikoshoukai shiyou ka.","ja":"じゃあ、まず自己紹介しようか。","english":"Okay, let's start by introducing ourselves."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dewa, mazu jikoshoukai o shimashou.","ja":"では、まず自己紹介をしましょう。","english":"Well then, let's start with introductions."},"freqRank":4521,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":true,"n":80},{"id":"w-renrakusaki","romaji":"renrakusaki","polite":null,"english":"contact details","use":"Your number, LINE or email; renrakusaki koukan = swapping contacts, usually on LINE.","ja":"連絡先","kana":"れんらくさき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yokattara renrakusaki koukan shinai?","ja":"よかったら連絡先交換しない？","english":"Want to swap contacts?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yokattara renrakusaki o koukan shimasen ka?","ja":"よかったら連絡先を交換しませんか？","english":"Would you like to exchange contact details?"},"freqRank":2550,"score":3,"notes":"Renraku suru = get in touch.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":true,"n":81}],"stage":1,"range":"78-81","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-places-6","label":"Eating and drinking out","rationale":"Lets you suggest a place to eat, drink or take a break.","interference":"Resutoran means a sit-down, usually Western place, not any eatery.","items":[{"id":"w-kafe","romaji":"kafe","polite":null,"english":"café","use":null,"ja":"カフェ","kana":"カフェ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsukareta ne. ano kafe de chotto yasumou.","ja":"疲れたね。あのカフェでちょっと休もう。","english":"I'm worn out. Let's take a break in that café."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsukaremashita ne. ano kafe de sukoshi yasumimashou.","ja":"疲れましたね。あのカフェで少し休みましょう。","english":"I'm worn out. Let's take a break in that café."},"freqRank":3099,"score":4,"notes":"Kissaten is the older word for a traditional coffee shop.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":82},{"id":"w-izakaya","romaji":"izakaya","polite":null,"english":"izakaya; Japanese pub","use":"A casual bar with lots of small dishes, the usual place for drinks after work.","ja":"居酒屋","kana":"いざかや","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shigoto no ato, izakaya ikanai?","ja":"仕事のあと、居酒屋行かない?","english":"Want to go to an izakaya after work?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shigoto no ato, izakaya ni ikimasen ka?","ja":"仕事のあと、居酒屋に行きませんか?","english":"Would you like to go to an izakaya after work?"},"freqRank":4388,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":83},{"id":"w-resutoran","romaji":"resutoran","polite":null,"english":"restaurant","use":"Usually a sit-down, often Western-style place; a casual eatery is just a mise or shokudou.","ja":"レストラン","kana":"レストラン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita no yoru, resutoran yoyaku shita yo.","ja":"明日の夜、レストラン予約したよ。","english":"I booked a restaurant for tomorrow night."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita no yoru, resutoran o yoyaku shimashita.","ja":"明日の夜、レストランを予約しました。","english":"I booked a restaurant for tomorrow night."},"freqRank":2753,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":84}],"stage":1,"range":"82-84","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-food-7","label":"Popular dishes","rationale":"Lets you name the dishes people go out for most.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-karee","romaji":"karee","polite":null,"english":"curry; curry and rice","use":"Usually Japanese curry over rice, a standard home dinner.","ja":"カレー","kana":"カレー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou no bangohan karee da yo","ja":"今日の晩ご飯カレーだよ","english":"We're having curry for dinner tonight."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou no bangohan wa karee desu","ja":"今日の晩ご飯はカレーです","english":"Tonight's dinner is curry."},"freqRank":2460,"score":4,"notes":"The full name is kareeraisu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":85},{"id":"w-raamen","romaji":"raamen","polite":null,"english":"ramen","use":null,"ja":"ラーメン","kana":"ラーメン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaeri ni raamen tabete kanai?","ja":"帰りにラーメン食べてかない?","english":"Want to grab ramen on the way home?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaeri ni raamen o tabete ikimasen ka?","ja":"帰りにラーメンを食べていきませんか?","english":"Would you like to get ramen on the way home?"},"freqRank":2566,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":86},{"id":"w-sushi","romaji":"sushi","polite":null,"english":"sushi","use":null,"ja":"寿司","kana":"すし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oiwai da kara sushi tabe ni ikou","ja":"お祝いだから寿司食べに行こう","english":"It's a celebration, let's go for sushi."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"oiwai na node sushi o tabe ni ikimashou","ja":"お祝いなので寿司を食べに行きましょう","english":"Since it's a celebration, let's go out for sushi."},"freqRank":5038,"score":4,"notes":"Often said osushi. Kaitenzushi is conveyor-belt sushi.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":true,"n":87},{"id":"w-udon","romaji":"udon","polite":null,"english":"udon (thick wheat noodles)","use":null,"ja":"うどん","kana":"うどん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaze no toki wa udon ga ii yo","ja":"風邪の時はうどんがいいよ","english":"Udon is good when you've got a cold."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaze no toki wa udon ga ii desu yo","ja":"風邪の時はうどんがいいですよ","english":"Udon is good when you have a cold."},"freqRank":5622,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":88}],"stage":1,"range":"85-88","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-work-1","label":"Jobs and days off","rationale":"Lets you talk about your job, your pay and your time off.","interference":"Yasumi is the day off itself; the verb to rest or take off is yasumu.","items":[{"id":"w-yasumi","romaji":"yasumi","polite":null,"english":"day off; holiday; break; absence","use":null,"ja":"休み","kana":"やすみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita yasumi da kara asobi ni ikou yo","ja":"明日休みだから遊びに行こうよ","english":"I'm off tomorrow, let's go out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita wa yasumi na node asobi ni ikimashou","ja":"明日は休みなので遊びに行きましょう","english":"I'm off tomorrow, so let's go out."},"freqRank":1322,"score":5,"notes":"Natsuyasumi is the summer holiday, hiruyasumi the lunch break. The verb is yasumu.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":89},{"id":"w-baito","romaji":"baito","polite":null,"english":"part-time job; part-timer","use":"Short for arubaito; the usual word for students' jobs and side jobs.","ja":"バイト","kana":"バイト","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou baito aru kara muri","ja":"今日バイトあるから無理","english":"I can't today, I've got work."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa baito ga aru node muri desu","ja":"今日はバイトがあるので無理です","english":"I can't today because I have my part-time job."},"freqRank":1294,"score":4,"notes":"Baito suru means work part-time.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":90},{"id":"w-kyuuryou","romaji":"kyuuryou","polite":null,"english":"pay; salary","use":null,"ja":"給料","kana":"きゅうりょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kongetsu, kyuuryou chotto sukunakatta n da","ja":"今月、給料ちょっと少なかったんだ","english":"My pay was a bit low this month."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kongetsu wa kyuuryou ga chotto sukunakatta n desu","ja":"今月は給料がちょっと少なかったんです","english":"My pay was a little low this month."},"freqRank":1927,"score":4,"notes":"Kyuuryoubi is payday. Kyuuryou ga agaru means get a raise.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":91}],"stage":1,"range":"89-91","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-work-2","label":"School life","rationale":"Lets you talk about your class, club, graduating and qualifications.","interference":"Kurasu is your class group; a single lesson is jugyou.","items":[{"id":"w-kurasu","romaji":"kurasu","polite":null,"english":"class (group of students); level","use":"The group you're in at school, not a single lesson; a lesson is jugyou.","ja":"クラス","kana":"クラス","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"onaji kurasu datta yo ne?","ja":"同じクラスだったよね?","english":"We were in the same class, right?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"onaji kurasu deshita yo ne?","ja":"同じクラスでしたよね?","english":"We were in the same class, weren't we?"},"freqRank":1851,"score":4,"notes":"Also a level or grade, as in hai kurasu (high-end).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":92},{"id":"w-sotsugyou-suru","romaji":"sotsugyou suru","polite":"sotsugyou shimasu","english":"graduate; finish school","use":"Used for finishing any level of school, not just university.","ja":"卒業する","kana":"そつぎょうする","politeJa":"卒業します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"rainen daigaku sotsugyou suru n da","ja":"来年大学卒業するんだ","english":"I graduate from university next year."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"rainen daigaku o sotsugyou shimasu","ja":"来年大学を卒業します","english":"I'll graduate from university next year."},"freqRank":1410,"score":3,"notes":"Takes o: daigaku o sotsugyou suru. Also used for leaving a group or growing out of a habit. Sotsugyoushiki is the graduation ceremony.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":93},{"id":"w-bu","romaji":"bu","polite":null,"english":"club (at school); department","use":"Mostly a school sports or hobby club, named by its activity, like sakkaabu (soccer club).","ja":"部","kana":"ぶ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"bu no renshuu ga mainichi aru n da","ja":"部の練習が毎日あるんだ","english":"We have club practice every day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"bu no renshuu ga mainichi aru n desu","ja":"部の練習が毎日あるんです","english":"We have club practice every day."},"freqRank":1540,"score":3,"notes":"Bukatsu is club activities. In a company it means a department, like eigyoubu (sales).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":94},{"id":"w-shikaku","romaji":"shikaku","polite":null,"english":"qualification; licence; the right (to do something)","use":null,"ja":"資格","kana":"しかく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shigoto no tame ni shikaku torou to omotte","ja":"仕事のために資格取ろうと思って","english":"I'm thinking of getting a qualification for work."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shigoto no tame ni shikaku o torou to omotte imasu","ja":"仕事のために資格を取ろうと思っています","english":"I'm planning to get a qualification for my job."},"freqRank":1671,"score":3,"notes":"Shikaku o toru means get a qualification. Iu shikaku nai means you have no right to say that.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":95}],"stage":1,"range":"92-95","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-fun-2","label":"Hobbies and shows","rationale":"Talk about what you like doing and watching.","interference":"Dorama is a scripted series; bangumi is any show on TV.","items":[{"id":"w-shumi","romaji":"shumi","polite":null,"english":"hobby; taste (in things)","use":"Shumi wa? is the classic getting-to-know-you question.","ja":"趣味","kana":"しゅみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shumi tte nanika aru?","ja":"趣味って何かある？","english":"Do you have any hobbies?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shumi wa nan desu ka?","ja":"趣味は何ですか？","english":"What are your hobbies?"},"freqRank":1357,"score":4,"notes":"Also taste: shumi ga ii (good taste), shumi ja nai (not my thing).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":96},{"id":"w-dorama","romaji":"dorama","polite":null,"english":"TV drama; TV series","use":"Any scripted TV series, foreign ones too: kankoku dorama (Korean dramas).","ja":"ドラマ","kana":"ドラマ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima, nanka omoshiroi dorama aru?","ja":"今、なんか面白いドラマある？","english":"Is there any good drama on right now?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima, nanika omoshiroi dorama wa arimasu ka?","ja":"今、何か面白いドラマはありますか？","english":"Are there any good dramas on right now?"},"freqRank":1828,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":97},{"id":"w-bangumi","romaji":"bangumi","polite":null,"english":"TV or radio show; program","use":"Any show on a channel: news, variety, quiz; scripted series are dorama.","ja":"番組","kana":"ばんぐみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono bangumi, maishuu miteru n da.","ja":"この番組、毎週見てるんだ。","english":"I watch this show every week."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono bangumi wa maishuu mite imasu.","ja":"この番組は毎週見ています。","english":"I watch this show every week."},"freqRank":1983,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":98},{"id":"w-fan","romaji":"fan","polite":null,"english":"fan (of someone or something)","use":"X no fan = a fan of X; daifan = a huge fan.","ja":"ファン","kana":"ファン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"watashi, kono bando no daifan nan da.","ja":"私、このバンドの大ファンなんだ。","english":"I'm a huge fan of this band."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"watashi, kono bando no daifan nan desu.","ja":"私、このバンドの大ファンなんです。","english":"I'm a huge fan of this band."},"freqRank":1537,"score":3,"notes":"Not an electric fan; that's senpuuki.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":99},{"id":"w-sakuhin","romaji":"sakuhin","polite":null,"english":"a work (film, book, art)","use":"For a creator's films, books, art or anime; sounds a bit formal or fan-like.","ja":"作品","kana":"さくひん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kantoku no sakuhin, zenbu mita yo.","ja":"この監督の作品、全部見たよ。","english":"I've seen all of this director's films."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kantoku no sakuhin wa zenbu mimashita.","ja":"この監督の作品は全部見ました。","english":"I've seen all of this director's films."},"freqRank":2093,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":100}],"stage":1,"range":"96-100","category":"Free time and tech"},{"id":"n-fun-8","label":"Videos, manga, social media","rationale":"Talk about what you watch, read and post.","interference":"Douga is an online video; a TV show is bangumi.","items":[{"id":"w-douga","romaji":"douga","polite":null,"english":"video (clip, online)","use":"Any video clip, especially online; a TV show is bangumi.","ja":"動画","kana":"どうが","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono douga mita? chou omoshiroi yo.","ja":"この動画見た？超おもしろいよ。","english":"Did you see this video? It's so funny."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono douga, mimashita ka? totemo omoshiroi desu yo.","ja":"この動画、見ましたか？とてもおもしろいですよ。","english":"Have you seen this video? It's really funny."},"freqRank":2291,"score":4,"notes":"Douga o toru = film a video; bideo sounds dated.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":101},{"id":"w-manga","romaji":"manga","polite":null,"english":"manga; comics","use":null,"ja":"漫画","kana":"まんが","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"manga yomu no ga shumi nan da.","ja":"漫画読むのが趣味なんだ。","english":"Reading manga is my hobby."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"manga o yomu no ga shumi nan desu.","ja":"漫画を読むのが趣味なんです。","english":"My hobby is reading manga."},"freqRank":3363,"score":4,"notes":"Any comic or cartoon drawing; the animated version is anime.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":102},{"id":"w-esu-enu-esu","romaji":"esu enu esu","polite":null,"english":"social media","use":"Japanese says SNS where English says 'social media'.","ja":"SNS","kana":"エス・エヌ・エス","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"esu enu esu ni shashin ageta yo.","ja":"SNSに写真あげたよ。","english":"I put the photos on social media."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"esu enu esu ni shashin o agemashita.","ja":"SNSに写真をあげました。","english":"I posted the photos on social media."},"freqRank":3526,"score":4,"notes":"To post is ageru (casual) or toukou suru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":103},{"id":"w-kyara","romaji":"kyara","polite":null,"english":"character (in a story or game); someone's persona","use":"Also the role someone plays among friends: sonna kyara ja nai = that's not like me.","ja":"キャラ","kana":"キャラ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano kyara, kawaii yo ne.","ja":"あのキャラ、かわいいよね。","english":"That character's cute, isn't it?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano kyara, kawaii desu yo ne.","ja":"あのキャラ、かわいいですよね。","english":"That character is cute, isn't it?"},"freqRank":3083,"score":4,"notes":"Short for kyarakutaa. Kyara ga koi = has a big personality.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":104},{"id":"w-zasshi","romaji":"zasshi","polite":null,"english":"magazine","use":null,"ja":"雑誌","kana":"ざっし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konbini de zasshi katte kuru.","ja":"コンビニで雑誌買ってくる。","english":"I'm going to buy a magazine at the convenience store."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konbini de zasshi o katte kimasu.","ja":"コンビニで雑誌を買ってきます。","english":"I'll go buy a magazine at the convenience store."},"freqRank":2341,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":105}],"stage":1,"range":"101-105","category":"Free time and tech"},{"id":"n-fun-4","label":"Songs and gigs","rationale":"Talk about music you like and nights out singing or at shows.","interference":"Kyoku is a song you listen to; uta is a song as sung.","items":[{"id":"w-kyoku","romaji":"kyoku","polite":null,"english":"song; piece of music; tune","use":"The usual word for a song you listen to or play.","ja":"曲","kana":"きょく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kyoku, suki nan da.","ja":"この曲、好きなんだ。","english":"I love this song."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kyoku, suki nan desu.","ja":"この曲、好きなんです。","english":"I really like this song."},"freqRank":2119,"score":4,"notes":"Uta is the song as sung, with words. Also counts songs: sankyoku = three songs.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":106},{"id":"w-raibu","romaji":"raibu","polite":null,"english":"gig; concert; live show","use":null,"ja":"ライブ","kana":"ライブ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raishuu, raibu iku n da.","ja":"来週、ライブ行くんだ。","english":"I'm going to a gig next week."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raishuu, raibu ni iku n desu.","ja":"来週、ライブに行くんです。","english":"I'm going to a concert next week."},"freqRank":3608,"score":4,"notes":"Used for any pop or rock show, big or small; konsaato sounds more formal or classical.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":107},{"id":"w-karaoke","romaji":"karaoke","polite":null,"english":"karaoke","use":"Usually a private room you rent by the hour with friends.","ja":"カラオケ","kana":"カラオケ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou karaoke ikanai?","ja":"今日カラオケ行かない？","english":"Want to go to karaoke today?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou karaoke ni ikimasen ka?","ja":"今日カラオケに行きませんか？","english":"Would you like to go to karaoke today?"},"freqRank":3696,"score":3,"notes":"Said ka-ra-o-ke, four even beats, not 'carry-oh-key'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":108}],"stage":1,"range":"106-108","category":"Free time and tech"},{"id":"a-feel-3","label":"Sad and missing","rationale":"Lets you say you're sad, lonely or nostalgic, or feel sorry for someone.","interference":"Kanashii (sad) vs sabishii (lonely); kawaisou sounds like kawaii but means pity.","items":[{"id":"w-sabishii","romaji":"sabishii","polite":"sabishii desu","english":"lonely; sad to be apart; (a place) empty","use":"Also how you say you'll miss someone: 'sabishiku naru ne' = I'll miss you.","ja":"寂しい","kana":"さびしい","politeJa":"寂しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"minna kaetchau to sabishii na.","ja":"みんな帰っちゃうと寂しいな。","english":"It's lonely when everyone goes home."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"minna ga kaeru to sabishii desu ne.","ja":"みんなが帰ると寂しいですね。","english":"It's lonely when everyone goes home."},"freqRank":858,"score":4,"notes":"Also pronounced samishii.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":109},{"id":"w-kanashii","romaji":"kanashii","polite":"kanashii desu","english":"sad","use":null,"ja":"悲しい","kana":"かなしい","politeJa":"悲しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono eiga, kanashisugite naita.","ja":"その映画、悲しすぎて泣いた。","english":"That movie was so sad I cried."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono eiga wa kanashisugite nakimashita.","ja":"その映画は悲しすぎて泣きました。","english":"That movie was so sad I cried."},"freqRank":1034,"score":4,"notes":"Sabishii is lonely or missing someone; kanashii is sad about something that happened.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":110},{"id":"w-kawaisou","romaji":"kawaisou","polite":"kawaisou desu","english":"poor thing; pitiful; that's sad (for them)","use":"Feeling sorry for a person or animal: 'kawaisou!' = oh, poor thing!","ja":"かわいそう","kana":"かわいそう","politeJa":"かわいそうです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono neko, ame de nurete kawaisou.","ja":"この猫、雨で濡れてかわいそう。","english":"This poor cat is soaked from the rain."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono neko, ame de nurete kawaisou desu ne.","ja":"この猫、雨で濡れてかわいそうですね。","english":"This poor cat is soaked from the rain."},"freqRank":977,"score":4,"notes":"Sounds like kawaii + sou, but it only means pity, never 'looks cute'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":111},{"id":"w-natsukashii","romaji":"natsukashii","polite":"natsukashii desu","english":"that takes me back; nostalgic","use":"Said the moment something from the past comes back: an old song, a photo, an old friend.","ja":"懐かしい","kana":"なつかしい","politeJa":"懐かしいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uwa, kono shashin natsukashii!","ja":"うわ、この写真懐かしい！","english":"Wow, this photo takes me back!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono shashin, natsukashii desu ne.","ja":"この写真、懐かしいですね。","english":"This photo really takes me back."},"freqRank":1123,"score":4,"notes":"A warm, happy feeling, not a sad one.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":112}],"stage":1,"range":"109-112","category":"Adjectives: feelings"},{"id":"a-feel-5","label":"Fine, grateful, awkward","rationale":"Lets you say something doesn't bother you, helps you, or feels awkward.","interference":"Heiki vs daijoubu; arigatai describes the help while arigatou is the thanks.","items":[{"id":"w-heiki","romaji":"heiki","polite":"heiki desu","english":"fine; okay; not bothered","use":"Says something doesn't bother or hurt you: 'heiki, heiki' = I'm fine, no problem.","ja":"平気","kana":"へいき","politeJa":"平気です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore gurai heiki da yo.","ja":"これぐらい平気だよ。","english":"This much is nothing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore gurai heiki desu yo.","ja":"これぐらい平気ですよ。","english":"This much is no problem."},"freqRank":989,"score":4,"notes":"Close to daijoubu, but more 'it doesn't get to me'. Heiki de uso o tsuku = lie without a second thought.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":113},{"id":"w-arigatai","romaji":"arigatai","polite":"arigatai desu","english":"much appreciated; a big help; grateful","use":"Says something helps you: 'sore wa arigatai' = that would really help.","ja":"ありがたい","kana":"ありがたい","politeJa":"ありがたいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tetsudatte kureru no? arigatai!","ja":"手伝ってくれるの？ありがたい！","english":"You'll help me? That's a huge help!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tetsudatte itadakeru n desu ka. arigatai desu.","ja":"手伝っていただけるんですか。ありがたいです。","english":"You'll help me? I really appreciate it."},"freqRank":1312,"score":4,"notes":"Arigatou comes from it: arigatai describes the help, arigatou is the thanks you say.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":114},{"id":"w-kimazui","romaji":"kimazui","polite":"kimazui desu","english":"awkward; uncomfortable (between people)","use":"Social awkwardness: silence after a fight, running into an ex.","ja":"気まずい","kana":"きまずい","politeJa":"気まずいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kenka shita bakari dakara, kimazui na.","ja":"けんかしたばかりだから、気まずいな。","english":"We just had a fight, so it's awkward."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kenka shita bakari na node, kimazui desu.","ja":"けんかしたばかりなので、気まずいです。","english":"We just had a fight, so it's awkward."},"freqRank":4025,"score":4,"notes":"Kimazui fun'iki = an awkward atmosphere.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":115}],"stage":1,"range":"113-115","category":"Adjectives: feelings"},{"id":"a-feel-2","label":"Tough and tiring","rationale":"Lets you complain that something is a pain, hard, or wearing you out.","interference":"Tsurai, kitsui and shindoi overlap; kurushii leans physical (breathing, too full).","items":[{"id":"w-mendokusai","romaji":"mendokusai","polite":"mendokusai desu","english":"what a pain; such a hassle; can't be bothered","use":"The everyday grumble about chores; of a person, 'mendokusai hito' = a difficult, high-maintenance person.","ja":"面倒くさい","kana":"めんどくさい","politeJa":"めんどくさいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ryouri suru no, mendokusai na.","ja":"料理するの、めんどくさいな。","english":"Cooking is such a pain."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ryouri suru no wa mendokusai desu ne.","ja":"料理するのはめんどくさいですね。","english":"Cooking is such a hassle, isn't it?"},"freqRank":2750,"score":5,"notes":"Spoken form of mendoukusai; often cut further to mendoi. The noun mendou (hassle) sounds softer in polite talk.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":116},{"id":"w-tsurai","romaji":"tsurai","polite":"tsurai desu","english":"hard; painful (emotionally); rough","use":"For things that hurt or wear you down: a breakup, a hard job, getting up early.","ja":"つらい","kana":"つらい","politeJa":"つらいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"asa hayaku okiru no, tsurai na.","ja":"朝早く起きるの、つらいな。","english":"Getting up early is rough."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"asa hayaku okiru no wa tsurai desu.","ja":"朝早く起きるのはつらいです。","english":"Getting up early is hard for me."},"freqRank":568,"score":4,"notes":"The kanji 辛い is also read karai (spicy); in speech the meaning is clear.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":117},{"id":"w-kitsui","romaji":"kitsui","polite":"kitsui desu","english":"tough; hard (on you); tight (clothes); harsh (words)","use":"For anything demanding: a hard workout, a packed schedule, tight shoes.","ja":"きつい","kana":"きつい","politeJa":"きついです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono shigoto, kekkou kitsui yo.","ja":"この仕事、けっこうきついよ。","english":"This job is pretty tough."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono shigoto wa kekkou kitsui desu.","ja":"この仕事はけっこうきついです。","english":"This job is pretty tough."},"freqRank":1698,"score":4,"notes":"Zubon ga kitsui = my trousers are tight. Kitsui iikata = a harsh way of putting it.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":118},{"id":"w-shindoi","romaji":"shindoi","polite":"shindoi desu","english":"exhausting; tough; worn out","use":"Covers both a draining task and how drained you feel: 'kyou shindoi' = I'm wiped today.","ja":"しんどい","kana":"しんどい","politeJa":"しんどいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa zangyou de shindokatta.","ja":"今日は残業でしんどかった。","english":"Today was exhausting with all the overtime."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa zangyou de shindokatta desu.","ja":"今日は残業でしんどかったです。","english":"Today was exhausting with all the overtime."},"freqRank":3271,"score":4,"notes":"Started in Kansai, now used everywhere. Close to tsurai and kitsui, but more about fatigue.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":119},{"id":"w-kurushii","romaji":"kurushii","polite":"kurushii desu","english":"painful; hard to breathe; hard to bear","use":"Strain you are struggling under: a tight chest, being too full, money trouble.","ja":"苦しい","kana":"くるしい","politeJa":"苦しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tabesugite onaka ga kurushii.","ja":"食べすぎてお腹が苦しい。","english":"I ate too much, I'm painfully full."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tabesugite onaka ga kurushii desu.","ja":"食べすぎてお腹が苦しいです。","english":"I ate too much, I'm painfully full."},"freqRank":1049,"score":3,"notes":"Tsurai is emotional hardship; kurushii leans physical. Kurushii iiwake = a lame excuse.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":120}],"stage":1,"range":"116-120","category":"Adjectives: feelings"},{"id":"a-feel-4","label":"Losing and missing out","rationale":"Lets you react to a loss, a near miss, someone else's luck, or your own weakness.","interference":"Kuyashii (gutted at losing) vs oshii (so close) vs nasakenai (pathetic).","items":[{"id":"w-kuyashii","romaji":"kuyashii","polite":"kuyashii desu","english":"frustrating; gutted; galling","use":"The sting of losing or being beaten when you could have won; English has no single word for it.","ja":"悔しい","kana":"くやしい","politeJa":"悔しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ato chotto de kateta noni. kuyashii!","ja":"あとちょっとで勝てたのに。悔しい！","english":"We almost won. So frustrating!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ato chotto de kateta noni. kuyashii desu.","ja":"あとちょっとで勝てたのに。悔しいです。","english":"We almost won. It's really frustrating."},"freqRank":1096,"score":4,"notes":"Not regret over your own wrongdoing; that's koukai.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":121},{"id":"w-urayamashii","romaji":"urayamashii","polite":"urayamashii desu","english":"jealous; envious; lucky you","use":"Said straight to someone, friendly not bitter: 'ii na, urayamashii!' = lucky you!","ja":"うらやましい","kana":"うらやましい","politeJa":"うらやましいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hawai iku no? urayamashii!","ja":"ハワイ行くの？うらやましい！","english":"You're going to Hawaii? I'm so jealous!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hawai ni iku n desu ka. urayamashii desu.","ja":"ハワイに行くんですか。うらやましいです。","english":"You're going to Hawaii? I'm jealous."},"freqRank":2394,"score":4,"notes":"Slang short form: urayama. Shitto is the darker, possessive jealousy.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":122},{"id":"w-nasakenai","romaji":"nasakenai","polite":"nasakenai desu","english":"pathetic; shameful; miserable","use":"Often aimed at yourself: 'nasakenai' = I'm so pathetic.","ja":"情けない","kana":"なさけない","politeJa":"情けないです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konna koto de naku nante, nasakenai na.","ja":"こんなことで泣くなんて、情けないな。","english":"Crying over something like this. How pathetic of me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konna koto de naku nante, nasakenai desu.","ja":"こんなことで泣くなんて、情けないです。","english":"Crying over something like this. It's pathetic of me."},"freqRank":1584,"score":3,"notes":"Stronger than hazukashii (embarrassed): it's disappointment in weakness.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":123},{"id":"w-oshii","romaji":"oshii","polite":"oshii desu","english":"so close!; a shame; a waste","use":"Shouted when someone just misses: 'oshii!' = so close!","ja":"惜しい","kana":"おしい","politeJa":"惜しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oshii! hobo atteru kedo, chigau.","ja":"惜しい！ほぼ合ってるけど、違う。","english":"So close! Nearly right, but no."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"oshii desu! hobo atte imasu kedo, chigaimasu.","ja":"惜しいです！ほぼ合っていますけど、違います。","english":"So close! Nearly right, but not quite."},"freqRank":2286,"score":3,"notes":"Also for losing something good: yameru no wa oshii = it's a shame to quit. Mottainai is the word for wasting things.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":124}],"stage":1,"range":"121-124","category":"Adjectives: feelings"},{"id":"a-feel-6","label":"All-in feelings","rationale":"Lets you say you hate something, are hooked on it, can't resist it, or are giving it everything.","interference":"Tamaranai can be praise (irresistible) or complaint (unbearable); hisshi (desperate effort) vs muchuu (absorbed).","items":[{"id":"w-daikirai","romaji":"daikirai","polite":"daikirai desu","english":"hate; really dislike","use":"The strong form of kirai; used freely for food and things, and in fights with people.","ja":"大嫌い","kana":"だいきらい","politeJa":"大嫌いです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"piiman daikirai nan da yo.","ja":"ピーマン大嫌いなんだよ。","english":"I hate green peppers."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"piiman ga daikirai nan desu.","ja":"ピーマンが大嫌いなんです。","english":"I really hate green peppers."},"freqRank":3343,"score":4,"notes":"Grammar like suki: X ga daikirai. Opposite: daisuki.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":125},{"id":"w-hisshi","romaji":"hisshi","polite":"hisshi desu","english":"desperate; frantic; all-out","use":"Mostly as hisshi ni + verb: doing something with everything you've got.","ja":"必死","kana":"ひっし","politeJa":"必死です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima hisshi ni benkyou shiteru.","ja":"今必死に勉強してる。","english":"I'm studying like mad right now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima hisshi ni benkyou shite imasu.","ja":"今必死に勉強しています。","english":"I'm studying as hard as I can right now."},"freqRank":863,"score":3,"notes":"Can tease: nani hisshi ni natteru no? = why so desperate?","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":126},{"id":"w-muchuu","romaji":"muchuu","polite":"muchuu desu","english":"hooked on; crazy about; absorbed in","use":"Pattern X ni muchuu: 'geemu ni muchuu' = hooked on games.","ja":"夢中","kana":"むちゅう","politeJa":"夢中です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima kono anime ni muchuu nan da.","ja":"今このアニメに夢中なんだ。","english":"I'm totally hooked on this anime right now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima kono anime ni muchuu nan desu.","ja":"今このアニメに夢中なんです。","english":"I'm really into this anime right now."},"freqRank":2353,"score":3,"notes":"Muchuu de = so absorbed you lose track: muchuu de jikan o wasureta = I lost track of time.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":127},{"id":"w-tamaranai","romaji":"tamaranai","polite":"tamaranai desu","english":"irresistible; amazing; unbearable","use":"Mostly praise for food, smells and cute things; after a te-form it means 'unbearably': atsukute tamaranai = unbearably hot.","ja":"たまらない","kana":"たまらない","politeJa":"たまらないです","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono karee no nioi, tamaranai.","ja":"このカレーの匂い、たまらない。","english":"The smell of this curry is irresistible."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono karee no nioi, tamaranai desu ne.","ja":"このカレーの匂い、たまらないですね。","english":"The smell of this curry is irresistible."},"freqRank":2405,"score":3,"notes":"Often shortened to tamannai in speech.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":128}],"stage":1,"range":"125-128","category":"Adjectives: feelings"},{"id":"a-feel-1","label":"How your body feels","rationale":"Lets you say you're sleepy, sick, run-down or itchy, or that something feels good.","interference":"Kimochi warui is both 'gross' and 'I feel sick'; darui (heavy body) gets mixed with nemui (sleepy).","items":[{"id":"w-nemui","romaji":"nemui","polite":"nemui desu","english":"sleepy","use":null,"ja":"眠い","kana":"ねむい","politeJa":"眠いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou osoku made okitete, nemui.","ja":"昨日遅くまで起きてて、眠い。","english":"I stayed up late last night, so I'm sleepy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou osoku made okite ita node, nemui desu.","ja":"昨日遅くまで起きていたので、眠いです。","english":"I stayed up late last night, so I'm sleepy."},"freqRank":2976,"score":5,"notes":"Tsukareta is worn out from effort; nemui only means you want to sleep.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":129},{"id":"w-kimochi-warui","romaji":"kimochi warui","polite":"kimochi warui desu","english":"gross; creepy; (I) feel sick","use":"Covers both something disgusting and your own nausea: on its own, 'kimochi warui' often means 'I feel sick'.","ja":"気持ち悪い","kana":"きもちわるい","politeJa":"気持ち悪いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nomisugite kimochi warui.","ja":"飲みすぎて気持ち悪い。","english":"I drank too much, I feel sick."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nomisugite kimochi warui desu.","ja":"飲みすぎて気持ち悪いです。","english":"I drank too much, I feel sick."},"freqRank":1740,"score":4,"notes":"Slang short form kimoi is rude when aimed at a person. Opposite: kimochi ii.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":130},{"id":"w-kimochi-ii","romaji":"kimochi ii","polite":"kimochi ii desu","english":"feels good; pleasant; refreshing","use":"For physical comfort: a breeze, a hot bath, a massage, a good stretch.","ja":"気持ちいい","kana":"きもちいい","politeJa":"気持ちいいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaze ga kimochi ii ne.","ja":"風が気持ちいいね。","english":"The breeze feels nice."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaze ga kimochi ii desu ne.","ja":"風が気持ちいいですね。","english":"The breeze feels nice."},"freqRank":2005,"score":4,"notes":"Past is kimochi yokatta, not kimochi iikatta.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":131},{"id":"w-darui","romaji":"darui","polite":"darui desu","english":"sluggish; heavy and tired; run-down","use":"Your body feels heavy and slow, often before a cold or after bad sleep.","ja":"だるい","kana":"だるい","politeJa":"だるいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanka karada ga darui.","ja":"なんか体がだるい。","english":"My body feels kind of heavy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto karada ga darui desu.","ja":"ちょっと体がだるいです。","english":"I feel a bit run-down."},"freqRank":10091,"score":4,"notes":"Young people also use it like mendokusai: gakkou darui = school is such a drag.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":132},{"id":"w-kayui","romaji":"kayui","polite":"kayui desu","english":"itchy","use":null,"ja":"かゆい","kana":"かゆい","politeJa":"かゆいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ka ni sasarete, sugoku kayui.","ja":"蚊に刺されて、すごくかゆい。","english":"A mosquito bit me and it's really itchy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ka ni sasarete, totemo kayui desu.","ja":"蚊に刺されて、とてもかゆいです。","english":"A mosquito bit me and it's really itchy."},"freqRank":7457,"score":3,"notes":"Kaku = to scratch: kakanaide = don't scratch it.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":133}],"stage":1,"range":"129-133","category":"Adjectives: feelings"},{"id":"a-people-2","label":"Skill and praise","rationale":"Lets you say what you're good or bad at and praise someone.","interference":"Tokui pairs with nigate, heta with jouzu; erai praises effort, yuushuu ability.","items":[{"id":"w-tokui","romaji":"tokui","polite":"tokui desu","english":"good at; strong point","use":"X ga tokui = I'm good at X; fine to say about yourself without sounding like bragging.","ja":"得意","kana":"とくい","politeJa":"得意です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ryouri wa tokui da yo.","ja":"料理は得意だよ。","english":"I'm good at cooking."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ryouri wa tokui desu.","ja":"料理は得意です。","english":"I'm good at cooking."},"freqRank":1275,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite is nigate (weak at, not my thing). Jouzu is praise for others; tokui works for yourself.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":134},{"id":"w-heta","romaji":"heta","polite":"heta desu","english":"bad at; unskilled","use":"X ga heta = bad at X; fine about yourself, blunt about others.","ja":"下手","kana":"へた","politeJa":"下手です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uta, heta dakara karaoke wa iya.","ja":"歌、下手だからカラオケは嫌。","english":"I'm bad at singing, so no karaoke."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"uta ga heta na node, karaoke wa chotto.","ja":"歌が下手なので、カラオケはちょっと。","english":"I'm bad at singing, so karaoke isn't really for me."},"freqRank":1475,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite is jouzu. Nigate is 'not my thing'; heta is about lack of skill.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":135},{"id":"w-erai","romaji":"erai","polite":"erai desu","english":"good for you; admirable; important (person)","use":"Praise for effort, even small: 'erai!' = well done!; 'erai hito' = a big shot.","ja":"偉い","kana":"えらい","politeJa":"偉いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mainichi benkyou shiteru no? erai ne!","ja":"毎日勉強してるの？偉いね！","english":"You study every day? Good for you!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mainichi benkyou shite iru n desu ka. erai desu ne.","ja":"毎日勉強しているんですか。偉いですね。","english":"You study every day? That's impressive."},"freqRank":1324,"score":3,"notes":"Praising a superior with erai sounds condescending; use it for peers, juniors and kids.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":136},{"id":"w-rippa","romaji":"rippa","polite":"rippa desu","english":"admirable; fine; impressive","use":"Praise for someone who has grown up or done well, and for grand things like a big house.","ja":"立派","kana":"りっぱ","politeJa":"立派です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano ko, rippa na otona ni natta ne.","ja":"あの子、立派な大人になったね。","english":"That kid grew up into a fine adult."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano ko wa rippa na otona ni narimashita ne.","ja":"あの子は立派な大人になりましたね。","english":"That child has grown into a fine adult."},"freqRank":875,"score":3,"notes":"Rippa na ie = an impressive house. Sounds a little grown-up or formal from a young speaker.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":137},{"id":"w-yuushuu","romaji":"yuushuu","polite":"yuushuu desu","english":"excellent; very capable; top (student, worker)","use":"Praise for ability at school or work; a bit formal.","ja":"優秀","kana":"ゆうしゅう","politeJa":"優秀です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo, sugoku yuushuu nan da yo.","ja":"彼女、すごく優秀なんだよ。","english":"She's really sharp."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo wa totemo yuushuu desu.","ja":"彼女はとても優秀です。","english":"She's very capable."},"freqRank":1364,"score":3,"notes":"About ability, not character; for character use rippa or erai.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":138}],"stage":1,"range":"134-138","category":"Adjectives: people"},{"id":"a-people-4","label":"Serious or sloppy","rationale":"Lets you say whether someone takes things seriously or half-heartedly.","interference":"Majime (personality) vs shinken (in the moment); tekitou and iikagen both mean sloppy, iikagen more blaming.","items":[{"id":"w-majime","romaji":"majime","polite":"majime desu","english":"serious; diligent; earnest","use":"Hard-working and rule-following; can also mean a bit too straight-laced.","ja":"真面目","kana":"まじめ","politeJa":"真面目です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, honto ni majime da yo ne.","ja":"彼、ほんとにまじめだよね。","english":"He's really conscientious, isn't he?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa hontou ni majime desu ne.","ja":"彼は本当にまじめですね。","english":"He's really conscientious, isn't he?"},"freqRank":1285,"score":4,"notes":"Majime ni kotaete = answer me seriously. Majime is a personality; shinken is the attitude in the moment.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":139},{"id":"w-tekitou","romaji":"tekitou","polite":"tekitou desu","english":"sloppy; half-hearted; random","use":"In speech it mostly means careless or whatever-works: 'tekitou ni yatta' = I just winged it.","ja":"適当","kana":"てきとう","politeJa":"適当です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare no henji, itsumo tekitou da yo ne.","ja":"彼の返事、いつも適当だよね。","english":"His answers are always half-hearted."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare no henji wa itsumo tekitou desu ne.","ja":"彼の返事はいつも適当ですね。","english":"His answers are always half-hearted."},"freqRank":1392,"score":4,"notes":"The written sense 'suitable' survives in tekitou ni suwatte = sit wherever you like.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":140},{"id":"w-shinken","romaji":"shinken","polite":"shinken desu","english":"serious; earnest; for real","use":"Fully serious about something right now: 'shinken ni kangaete' = think about it seriously.","ja":"真剣","kana":"しんけん","politeJa":"真剣です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shinken ni hanashiteru n da kedo.","ja":"真剣に話してるんだけど。","english":"I'm being serious here."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shinken ni hanashite iru n desu kedo.","ja":"真剣に話しているんですけど。","english":"I'm being serious here."},"freqRank":1649,"score":3,"notes":"Shinken na kao = a serious face.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":141},{"id":"w-iikagen","romaji":"iikagen","polite":"iikagen desu","english":"sloppy; irresponsible; (iikagen ni shite) enough already","use":"Iikagen na hito = someone you can't rely on; 'iikagen ni shite!' = knock it off!","ja":"いいかげん","kana":"いいかげん","politeJa":"いいかげんです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou, iikagen ni shite yo!","ja":"もう、いいかげんにしてよ！","english":"Come on, knock it off already!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou, iikagen ni shite kudasai.","ja":"もう、いいかげんにしてください。","english":"Please, that's enough."},"freqRank":2132,"score":3,"notes":"Close to tekitou, but more blaming. Iikagen na shigoto = sloppy work.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":142}],"stage":1,"range":"139-142","category":"Adjectives: people"},{"id":"a-people-1","label":"Looks and style","rationale":"Lets you compliment how people look and what they wear.","interference":"Kakkoii is cool, oshare is fashionable; oniai is for couples, niau for clothes.","items":[{"id":"w-kakkoii","romaji":"kakkoii","polite":"kakkoii desu","english":"cool; good-looking; stylish","use":"Praise for looks (often men), clothes, cars, or a cool thing someone did.","ja":"かっこいい","kana":"かっこいい","politeJa":"かっこいいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono jaketto, kakkoii ne.","ja":"そのジャケット、かっこいいね。","english":"That jacket looks cool."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono jaketto, kakkoii desu ne.","ja":"そのジャケット、かっこいいですね。","english":"That jacket looks cool."},"freqRank":1899,"score":5,"notes":"Past is kakkoyokatta. Opposite: kakkowarui = uncool, embarrassing. Also written カッコいい.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":143},{"id":"w-wakai","romaji":"wakai","polite":"wakai desu","english":"young","use":"Often a compliment on looking young: 'wakai ne!' = you look so young!","ja":"若い","kana":"わかい","politeJa":"若いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okaasan, sugoku wakai ne!","ja":"お母さん、すごく若いね！","english":"Your mom looks so young!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okaasan, totemo wakai desu ne.","ja":"お母さん、とても若いですね。","english":"Your mother looks very young."},"freqRank":505,"score":4,"notes":"Wakai koro = when I was young. Wakaku mieru = look young.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":144},{"id":"w-oshare","romaji":"oshare","polite":"oshare desu","english":"stylish; fashionable; trendy (place)","use":"For people, clothes and places: 'oshare na kafe' = a trendy café.","ja":"おしゃれ","kana":"おしゃれ","politeJa":"おしゃれです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou no fuku, oshare da ne.","ja":"今日の服、おしゃれだね。","english":"Your outfit looks stylish today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou no fuku, oshare desu ne.","ja":"今日の服、おしゃれですね。","english":"Your outfit looks stylish today."},"freqRank":3483,"score":4,"notes":"Oshare suru = dress up. Kakkoii is cool; oshare is fashionable.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":145},{"id":"w-oniai","romaji":"oniai","polite":"oniai desu","english":"well-matched; suits you","use":"Mostly about couples: 'oniai da ne' = you two are perfect together.","ja":"お似合い","kana":"おにあい","politeJa":"お似合いです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"futari, honto ni oniai da ne.","ja":"二人、ほんとにお似合いだね。","english":"You two make a really great couple."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ofutari, hontou ni oniai desu ne.","ja":"お二人、本当にお似合いですね。","english":"You two make a really great couple."},"freqRank":2476,"score":3,"notes":"For clothes the verb niau is more common: niatteru = it suits you.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":146}],"stage":1,"range":"143-146","category":"Adjectives: people"},{"id":"a-people-5","label":"Strict, selfish and mean","rationale":"Lets you complain about strict, selfish, unfair or mean people.","interference":"Zurui (unfair, sly) vs ijiwaru (mean on purpose).","items":[{"id":"w-kibishii","romaji":"kibishii","polite":"kibishii desu","english":"strict; harsh; tough (situation)","use":"For strict people (parents, coaches) and tough conditions: 'kibishii na' = that's tough.","ja":"厳しい","kana":"きびしい","politeJa":"厳しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uchi no oya, kekkou kibishii n da yo.","ja":"うちの親、けっこう厳しいんだよ。","english":"My parents are pretty strict."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"uchi no oya wa kekkou kibishii n desu.","ja":"うちの親はけっこう厳しいんです。","english":"My parents are pretty strict."},"freqRank":821,"score":4,"notes":"Also for tight time or money: jikanteki ni kibishii = time is tight.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":147},{"id":"w-wagamama","romaji":"wagamama","polite":"wagamama desu","english":"selfish; spoiled; demanding","use":"Someone who insists on getting their own way, like a spoiled child.","ja":"わがまま","kana":"わがまま","politeJa":"わがままです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou, wagamama bakkari iwanaide.","ja":"もう、わがままばっかり言わないで。","english":"Come on, stop being so demanding."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"amari wagamama o iwanaide kudasai.","ja":"あまりわがままを言わないでください。","english":"Please don't be so demanding."},"freqRank":2116,"score":4,"notes":"Wagamama o iu = make selfish demands. Also humble: wagamama itte sumimasen = sorry to ask for something special.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":148},{"id":"w-zurui","romaji":"zurui","polite":"zurui desu","english":"unfair; sly; no fair!","use":"The protest 'zurui!' when someone gets something you don't, or cheats; often half-joking.","ja":"ずるい","kana":"ずるい","politeJa":"ずるいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hitori de zenbu tabeta no? zurui!","ja":"一人で全部食べたの？ずるい！","english":"You ate it all by yourself? No fair!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hitori de zenbu tabeta n desu ka. zurui desu yo.","ja":"一人で全部食べたんですか。ずるいですよ。","english":"You ate it all by yourself? That's not fair."},"freqRank":2266,"score":4,"notes":"Zurui hito = a sly, sneaky person.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":149},{"id":"w-ijiwaru","romaji":"ijiwaru","polite":"ijiwaru desu","english":"mean; nasty; spiteful","use":"Deliberately unkind, often in small ways; also playful: 'ijiwaru!' = you meanie!","ja":"意地悪","kana":"いじわる","politeJa":"意地悪です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna ijiwaru iwanaide yo.","ja":"そんな意地悪言わないでよ。","english":"Don't be so mean."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sonna ijiwaru o iwanaide kudasai.","ja":"そんな意地悪を言わないでください。","english":"Please don't say such mean things."},"freqRank":4005,"score":4,"notes":"Ijiwaru suru = be mean to, tease. Ijimeru is harsher: real bullying.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":150}],"stage":1,"range":"147-150","category":"Adjectives: people"},{"id":"a-people-3","label":"Kind and close","rationale":"Lets you describe kind, dependable people and close relationships.","interference":"Naka ii (get along) vs shitashii (close); shinsetsu (kind acts) vs yasashii (kind nature).","items":[{"id":"w-shinsetsu","romaji":"shinsetsu","polite":"shinsetsu desu","english":"kind; helpful","use":"Mostly for kind acts, often by strangers: 'shinsetsu ni oshiete kureta' = kindly showed me.","ja":"親切","kana":"しんせつ","politeJa":"親切です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"michi o kiitara, shinsetsu ni oshiete kureta.","ja":"道を聞いたら、親切に教えてくれた。","english":"I asked for directions and they kindly showed me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"michi o kiitara, shinsetsu ni oshiete kuremashita.","ja":"道を聞いたら、親切に教えてくれました。","english":"I asked for directions and they kindly showed me."},"freqRank":3509,"score":4,"notes":"Yasashii is kind as a personality; shinsetsu is kind in what someone does.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":151},{"id":"w-naka-ii","romaji":"naka ii","polite":"naka ga ii desu","english":"get along well; close","use":"Short for naka ga ii; describes a relationship, not one person.","ja":"仲いい","kana":"なかいい","politeJa":"仲がいいです","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano futari, honto ni naka ii yo ne.","ja":"あの二人、ほんとに仲いいよね。","english":"Those two really get along, don't they?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano futari wa hontou ni naka ga ii desu ne.","ja":"あの二人は本当に仲がいいですね。","english":"Those two really get along, don't they?"},"freqRank":3956,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: naka ga warui. Nakayoku shite = play nicely (to kids).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":152},{"id":"w-tayori-ni-naru","romaji":"tayori ni naru","polite":"tayori ni narimasu","english":"reliable; someone you can count on","use":"Praise for a person you can lean on: 'tayori ni naru senpai' = a senior I can count on.","ja":"頼りになる","kana":"たよりになる","politeJa":"頼りになります","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ane wa itsumo tayori ni naru n da.","ja":"姉はいつも頼りになるんだ。","english":"I can always count on my big sister."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ane wa itsumo tayori ni narimasu.","ja":"姉はいつも頼りになります。","english":"I can always count on my older sister."},"freqRank":4258,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: tayorinai (unreliable). Tayoru = to rely on.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":153},{"id":"w-shitashii","romaji":"shitashii","polite":"shitashii desu","english":"close; on familiar terms","use":"Describes how close people are: 'shitashii tomodachi' = a close friend.","ja":"親しい","kana":"したしい","politeJa":"親しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare to wa sonna ni shitashikunai yo.","ja":"彼とはそんなに親しくないよ。","english":"I'm not that close with him."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare to wa sonna ni shitashikunai desu.","ja":"彼とはそんなに親しくないです。","english":"I'm not that close with him."},"freqRank":2524,"score":3,"notes":"In speech naka ga ii is more common; shitashii sounds slightly more careful.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":154}],"stage":1,"range":"151-154","category":"Adjectives: people"},{"id":"a-things-6","label":"Strange and surprising","rationale":"React when something seems off, odd or unexpected.","interference":"Okashii is 'something's wrong', ayashii is 'suspicious', fushigi is 'mysterious' with no blame.","items":[{"id":"w-okashii","romaji":"okashii","polite":"okashii desu","english":"strange, odd, wrong; funny","use":"Mostly 'something's off': 'nanka okashii' means something's wrong.","ja":"おかしい","kana":"おかしい","politeJa":"おかしいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kikai, nanka okashii yo.","ja":"この機械、なんかおかしいよ。","english":"Something's wrong with this machine."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kikai, nanika okashii desu.","ja":"この機械、何かおかしいです。","english":"Something seems wrong with this machine."},"freqRank":2595,"score":4,"notes":"Before a noun you also hear 'okashina': 'okashina hanashi' (a strange story). 'Okashi' is sweets.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":155},{"id":"w-igai-2","romaji":"igai","polite":"igai desu","english":"unexpected, surprising","use":"Mostly 'igai to' (surprisingly): 'igai to oishii'.","ja":"意外","kana":"いがい","politeJa":"意外です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"igai to oishii ne, kore.","ja":"意外とおいしいね、これ。","english":"This is surprisingly good."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"igai to oishii desu ne.","ja":"意外とおいしいですね。","english":"It's surprisingly good."},"freqRank":798,"score":4,"notes":"Sounds the same as 'igai' (except, other than); context tells them apart.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":156},{"id":"w-fushigi","romaji":"fushigi","polite":"fushigi desu","english":"strange, mysterious; puzzling","use":"For things you can't explain, said with wonder rather than suspicion.","ja":"不思議","kana":"ふしぎ","politeJa":"不思議です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"fushigi da ne, zenzen tsukarenai.","ja":"不思議だね、全然疲れない。","english":"Weird, I'm not tired at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"fushigi desu ne, zenzen tsukaremasen.","ja":"不思議ですね、全然疲れません。","english":"It's strange, I'm not tired at all."},"freqRank":920,"score":4,"notes":"'Fushigi ja nai' means 'no wonder, that's not surprising'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":157},{"id":"w-ayashii","romaji":"ayashii","polite":"ayashii desu","english":"suspicious, fishy; doubtful","use":null,"ja":"怪しい","kana":"あやしい","politeJa":"怪しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito, nanka ayashii ne.","ja":"あの人、なんか怪しいね。","english":"That guy seems kind of shady."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano hito, nanka ayashii desu ne.","ja":"あの人、なんか怪しいですね。","english":"That person seems a bit suspicious."},"freqRank":1094,"score":3,"notes":"Also 'doubtful, iffy': 'Ashita wa chotto ayashii' means tomorrow might not work.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":158}],"stage":1,"range":"155-158","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-9","label":"Waste and no point","rationale":"Say something is pointless, wasteful or beyond help.","interference":"Muda is useless effort; mottainai is regret over wasting something good.","items":[{"id":"w-muda","romaji":"muda","polite":"muda desu","english":"no use, pointless; a waste","use":"'Muda da' means it's no use; 'jikan no muda' is a waste of time.","ja":"無駄","kana":"むだ","politeJa":"無駄です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"itte mo muda da yo.","ja":"言っても無駄だよ。","english":"It's no use telling him."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"itte mo muda desu yo.","ja":"言っても無駄ですよ。","english":"There's no point telling him."},"freqRank":1135,"score":4,"notes":"'Mudazukai' is wasting money.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":159},{"id":"w-mottainai","romaji":"mottainai","polite":"mottainai desu","english":"what a waste; too good to waste","use":"Said when something useful is thrown away or left unused.","ja":"もったいない","kana":"もったいない","politeJa":"もったいないです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mada taberareru noni, mottainai yo.","ja":"まだ食べられるのに、もったいないよ。","english":"It's still good to eat, what a waste."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mada taberareru noni, mottainai desu yo.","ja":"まだ食べられるのに、もったいないですよ。","english":"It's still edible. That's such a waste."},"freqRank":1201,"score":4,"notes":"'Muda' is useless effort; 'mottainai' is regret over wasting something good.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":160},{"id":"w-imi-nai","romaji":"imi nai","polite":"imi ga arimasen","english":"pointless, there's no point","use":"Often after a te-form: 'itte mo imi nai' (no point saying it).","ja":"意味ない","kana":"いみない","politeJa":"意味がありません","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"imasara isoide mo imi nai yo.","ja":"今さら急いでも意味ないよ。","english":"No point hurrying now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"imasara isoide mo imi ga arimasen yo.","ja":"今さら急いでも意味がありませんよ。","english":"There's no point hurrying now."},"freqRank":2216,"score":4,"notes":"Different from 'imi wakannai' (makes no sense).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":161},{"id":"w-dou-shiyou-mo-nai","romaji":"dou shiyou mo nai","polite":"dou shiyou mo arimasen","english":"hopeless, nothing can be done; useless (person)","use":"About a situation: nothing can be done; about a person: hopeless.","ja":"どうしようもない","kana":"どうしようもない","politeJa":"どうしようもありません","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ame da kara, dou shiyou mo nai ne.","ja":"雨だから、どうしようもないね。","english":"It's raining, nothing we can do."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ame na node, dou shiyou mo arimasen ne.","ja":"雨なので、どうしようもありませんね。","english":"It's raining, so there's nothing we can do."},"freqRank":2044,"score":3,"notes":"'Shou ga nai' is the everyday 'oh well'; 'dou shiyou mo nai' is stronger: truly hopeless.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":162}],"stage":1,"range":"159-162","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-7","label":"Rare, common, alike","rationale":"Say how usual something is and whether things match or go separately.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-mezurashii","romaji":"mezurashii","polite":"mezurashii desu","english":"rare, unusual","use":"Often a comment on someone acting out of character: 'Mezurashii ne!'","ja":"珍しい","kana":"めずらしい","politeJa":"珍しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chikoku suru nante, mezurashii ne.","ja":"遅刻するなんて、珍しいね。","english":"You, late? That's not like you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chikoku suru nante, mezurashii desu ne.","ja":"遅刻するなんて、珍しいですね。","english":"It's unusual for you to be late."},"freqRank":742,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":163},{"id":"w-yoku-aru","romaji":"yoku aru","polite":"yoku arimasu","english":"common, happens a lot","use":"Before a noun it means 'typical, common': 'yoku aru hanashi'.","ja":"よくある","kana":"よくある","politeJa":"よくあります","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, yoku aru machigai da yo.","ja":"それ、よくある間違いだよ。","english":"That's a common mistake."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa yoku aru machigai desu.","ja":"それはよくある間違いです。","english":"That's a common mistake."},"freqRank":2741,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: 'mezurashii' (rare).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":164},{"id":"w-sokkuri","romaji":"sokkuri","polite":"sokkuri desu","english":"just like, the spitting image of","use":"'X ni sokkuri' means looks just like X.","ja":"そっくり","kana":"そっくり","politeJa":"そっくりです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okaasan ni sokkuri da ne.","ja":"お母さんにそっくりだね。","english":"You look just like your mom."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okaasan ni sokkuri desu ne.","ja":"お母さんにそっくりですね。","english":"You look just like your mother."},"freqRank":1703,"score":3,"notes":"As an adverb it means 'all of it': 'sokkuri nokotteru' (it's all still there).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":165},{"id":"w-betsubetsu","romaji":"betsubetsu","polite":"betsubetsu desu","english":"separate, separately","use":"'Betsubetsu de' at the till means paying separately.","ja":"別々","kana":"べつべつ","politeJa":"別々です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaikei, betsubetsu ni suru?","ja":"会計、別々にする？","english":"Want to pay separately?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okaikei, betsubetsu de onegai shimasu.","ja":"お会計、別々でお願いします。","english":"Separate checks, please."},"freqRank":4188,"score":4,"notes":"'Betsu' alone means different, other: 'betsu no hi' (another day).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":166}],"stage":1,"range":"163-166","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-8","label":"Calling things bad","rationale":"Give a blunt or soft negative opinion.","interference":"Mashi sounds like praise but only means 'less bad'.","items":[{"id":"w-saitei","romaji":"saitei","polite":"saitei desu","english":"the worst, awful; at least, minimum","use":"'Saitei!' about a person means 'You're the worst!'","ja":"最低","kana":"さいてい","politeJa":"最低です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uso tsuku nante saitei.","ja":"嘘つくなんて最低。","english":"Lying? That's the lowest."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"uso o tsuku nante saitei desu.","ja":"嘘をつくなんて最低です。","english":"Lying is the worst."},"freqRank":1097,"score":4,"notes":"'Saitei demo' means at the very least: 'saitei demo ichijikan'. Opposite: 'saikou' (the best).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":167},{"id":"w-kudaranai","romaji":"kudaranai","polite":"kudaranai desu","english":"stupid, silly, worthless","use":"For jokes, shows or arguments not worth your time.","ja":"くだらない","kana":"くだらない","politeJa":"くだらないです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna kudaranai koto de kenka shinaide.","ja":"そんなくだらないことでけんかしないで。","english":"Don't fight over something so stupid."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sonna kudaranai koto de kenka shinaide kudasai.","ja":"そんなくだらないことでけんかしないでください。","english":"Please don't argue over something so trivial."},"freqRank":2013,"score":3,"notes":"Often said 'kudannai'. About a silly joke it can be affectionate: 'Kudaranai!' (So dumb!).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":168},{"id":"w-mashi","romaji":"mashi","polite":"mashi desu","english":"better (of bad options), less bad","use":"'X yori mashi' means better than X; never real praise.","ja":"マシ","kana":"まし","politeJa":"マシです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou yori wa mashi da yo.","ja":"昨日よりはマシだよ。","english":"It's better than yesterday, at least."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou yori wa mashi desu.","ja":"昨日よりはマシです。","english":"It's better than yesterday, at least."},"freqRank":2935,"score":4,"notes":"'Mashi na X' is a decent X: 'Mashi na mise nai?' (Anywhere decent around?).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":169},{"id":"w-bimyou","romaji":"bimyou","polite":"bimyou desu","english":"iffy, so-so; hard to say; subtle","use":"A soft way to say 'not great' or 'not sure' without saying no.","ja":"微妙","kana":"びみょう","politeJa":"微妙です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano eiga, bimyou datta.","ja":"あの映画、微妙だった。","english":"That movie was so-so."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano eiga wa chotto bimyou deshita.","ja":"あの映画はちょっと微妙でした。","english":"That movie was kind of meh."},"freqRank":3096,"score":4,"notes":"'Bimyou ni' means slightly: 'bimyou ni chigau' (a little different).","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":170},{"id":"w-dasai","romaji":"dasai","polite":"dasai desu","english":"uncool, tacky, lame","use":"For clothes, style and try-hard behaviour.","ja":"ダサい","kana":"ださい","politeJa":"ダサいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":["slang"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono boushi, dasaku nai?","ja":"その帽子、ダサくない？","english":"Isn't that hat kind of tacky?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono shashin no fuku, ima miru to dasai desu ne.","ja":"この写真の服、今見るとダサいですね。","english":"The clothes in this photo look so lame now."},"freqRank":3663,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: 'kakkoii' or 'oshare'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":171}],"stage":1,"range":"167-171","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"adv-manner-9","label":"Still, already, originally","rationale":"Lets you compare now with how things were before.","interference":"Imada ni (still) and tokku ni (long ago) point in opposite directions.","items":[{"id":"w-aikawarazu","romaji":"aikawarazu","polite":null,"english":"as always; same as ever; still","use":"Often a friendly remark that someone hasn't changed; can also tease.","ja":"相変わらず","kana":"あいかわらず","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aikawarazu genki da ne.","ja":"相変わらず元気だね。","english":"You're as lively as ever."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"aikawarazu ogenki desu ne.","ja":"相変わらずお元気ですね。","english":"You're as well as ever."},"freqRank":960,"score":4,"notes":"Aikawarazu da ne on its own means 'same old you'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":172},{"id":"w-motomoto","romaji":"motomoto","polite":null,"english":"originally; to begin with; by nature","use":"Points back to how things were before, or how someone has always been.","ja":"もともと","kana":"もともと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"motomoto amai mono wa suki ja nai n da.","ja":"もともと甘いものは好きじゃないんだ。","english":"I've never liked sweets to begin with."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"motomoto amai mono wa suki ja nai n desu.","ja":"もともと甘いものは好きじゃないんです。","english":"I've never really liked sweet things."},"freqRank":1120,"score":4,"notes":"Motomoto wa often contrasts with now: motomoto wa kissaten datta, 'it used to be a café'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":173},{"id":"w-tokku-ni","romaji":"tokku ni","polite":null,"english":"long ago; already (well before now)","use":"Stresses something happened way earlier than the other person thinks.","ja":"とっくに","kana":"とっくに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna no tokku ni shitteru yo.","ja":"そんなのとっくに知ってるよ。","english":"I've known that for ages."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa tokku ni shitte imasu yo.","ja":"それはとっくに知っていますよ。","english":"I've known that for a long time."},"freqRank":1613,"score":3,"notes":"Stronger than mou, 'already', often with a hint of 'obviously'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":174},{"id":"w-imada-ni","romaji":"imada ni","polite":null,"english":"still (even now); to this day","use":"Stresses something has dragged on longer than it should, often with surprise or annoyance.","ja":"いまだに","kana":"いまだに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"imada ni shinjirarenai yo.","ja":"いまだに信じられないよ。","english":"I still can't believe it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"imada ni shinjiraremasen.","ja":"いまだに信じられません。","english":"I still can't believe it."},"freqRank":2247,"score":3,"notes":"Stronger than mada, 'still'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":175}],"stage":1,"range":"172-175","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-3","label":"Suddenly and all at once","rationale":"Lets you describe abrupt changes and ones you didn't notice.","interference":"Totsuzen and ikinari overlap; ikinari is more casual and often a complaint.","items":[{"id":"w-totsuzen","romaji":"totsuzen","polite":null,"english":"suddenly; out of nowhere","use":"For unexpected events and changes; more neutral and news-like than ikinari.","ja":"突然","kana":"とつぜん","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"totsuzen ame ga futte kita.","ja":"突然雨が降ってきた。","english":"It suddenly started raining."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"totsuzen ame ga futte kimashita.","ja":"突然雨が降ってきました。","english":"It suddenly started to rain."},"freqRank":573,"score":3,"notes":"Totsuzen desu ga... ('sorry this is sudden, but...') opens an unexpected request.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":176},{"id":"w-ikinari","romaji":"ikinari","polite":null,"english":"suddenly; out of the blue; right off","use":"Casual; often a complaint that someone acted abruptly, without warning or build-up.","ja":"いきなり","kana":"いきなり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ikinari okoridashita n da yo.","ja":"いきなり怒り出したんだよ。","english":"He suddenly got angry out of nowhere."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ikinari okoridashita n desu.","ja":"いきなり怒り出したんです。","english":"He suddenly got angry."},"freqRank":723,"score":4,"notes":"Also 'straight away, skipping the warm-up', as in ikinari honban, going live with no rehearsal.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":177},{"id":"w-itsu-no-ma-ni-ka","romaji":"itsu no ma ni ka","polite":null,"english":"before I knew it; without noticing","use":"For changes that slipped by unnoticed, like time passing or something going missing.","ja":"いつの間にか","kana":"いつのまにか","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"itsu no ma ni ka nechatta.","ja":"いつの間にか寝ちゃった。","english":"I fell asleep before I knew it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"itsu no ma ni ka nete shimaimashita.","ja":"いつの間にか寝てしまいました。","english":"I dozed off without realizing."},"freqRank":2200,"score":3,"notes":"Totsuzen is a sudden event; itsu no ma ni ka is a gradual change you missed.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":178},{"id":"w-ikki-ni","romaji":"ikki ni","polite":null,"english":"all at once; in one go","use":"For doing something without stopping, or for a sudden big change.","ja":"一気に","kana":"いっきに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ikki ni nonjatta.","ja":"一気に飲んじゃった。","english":"I drank it all in one go."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ikki ni nonde shimaimashita.","ja":"一気に飲んでしまいました。","english":"I drank it all at once."},"freqRank":2886,"score":4,"notes":"Ikki! alone is the drinking chant 'chug!'; ikki ni yonda is 'read it in one sitting'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":179}],"stage":1,"range":"176-179","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-1","label":"Why and somehow","rationale":"Lets you ask why and admit you don't know why.","interference":"Nandaka, nazeka and nantonaku all mean 'somehow' and blur together.","items":[{"id":"w-naze","romaji":"naze","polite":null,"english":"why","use":"A firmer, more serious why than nande or doushite; common in speeches, news and heated questions.","ja":"なぜ","kana":"なぜ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"naze damatteta no?","ja":"なぜ黙ってたの?","english":"Why did you keep quiet about it?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"naze damatte ita n desu ka?","ja":"なぜ黙っていたんですか?","english":"Why didn't you say anything?"},"freqRank":409,"score":3,"notes":"In everyday chat, nande is the usual casual why and doushite the softer one.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":180},{"id":"w-ittai","romaji":"ittai","polite":null,"english":"(what, why) on earth","use":"Strengthens a question to show surprise, frustration or alarm.","ja":"一体","kana":"いったい","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ittai nani ga atta no?","ja":"一体何があったの?","english":"What on earth happened?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ittai nani ga atta n desu ka?","ja":"一体何があったんですか?","english":"What on earth happened?"},"freqRank":819,"score":3,"notes":"Always paired with a question word like nani, doko, dare or doushite.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":181},{"id":"w-nandaka","romaji":"nandaka","polite":null,"english":"somehow; kind of; for some reason","use":"Hedges a feeling you can't pin down; nandaka hen is 'something feels off'.","ja":"何だか","kana":"なんだか","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nandaka nemuku natte kita.","ja":"なんだか眠くなってきた。","english":"I'm kind of getting sleepy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nandaka nemuku natte kimashita.","ja":"なんだか眠くなってきました。","english":"I'm somehow getting sleepy."},"freqRank":1462,"score":4,"notes":"Close to nantonaku, which leans more toward 'for no particular reason'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":182},{"id":"w-nazeka","romaji":"nazeka","polite":null,"english":"for some reason","use":"Says something happens and you can't explain why; common when telling stories.","ja":"なぜか","kana":"なぜか","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nazeka kyou wa nemurenai.","ja":"なぜか今日は眠れない。","english":"For some reason I can't sleep tonight."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nazeka kyou wa nemuremasen.","ja":"なぜか今日は眠れません。","english":"For some reason, I can't sleep tonight."},"freqRank":1893,"score":3,"notes":"Nazeka is about an unexplained fact; nandaka is about a vague feeling.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":183},{"id":"w-nantonaku","romaji":"nantonaku","polite":null,"english":"somehow; for no particular reason; vaguely","use":"For choices and feelings you can't explain; on its own it's a full answer to 'why?'.","ja":"何となく","kana":"なんとなく","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nantonaku, kyou wa soto ni detakunai.","ja":"なんとなく、今日は外に出たくない。","english":"I just don't feel like going out today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nantonaku, kyou wa soto ni detakunai n desu.","ja":"なんとなく、今日は外に出たくないんです。","english":"For some reason, I don't feel like going out today."},"freqRank":2554,"score":4,"notes":"Nantonaku wakaru, 'I sort of get it', is a common half-yes.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":184}],"stage":1,"range":"180-184","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-17","label":"As usual, basically","rationale":"Lets you describe your normal routine and habits.","interference":"Shotchuu means 'often', not 'always' (itsumo).","items":[{"id":"w-itsumo-doori","romaji":"itsumo doori","polite":null,"english":"as usual; the usual way","use":"Things go, or should go, the normal way: itsumo doori de ii (the usual is fine).","ja":"いつもどおり","kana":"いつもどおり","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou mo itsumo doori isogashikatta.","ja":"今日もいつもどおり忙しかった。","english":"Busy as usual today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou mo itsumo doori isogashikatta desu.","ja":"今日もいつもどおり忙しかったです。","english":"Today was busy, as usual."},"freqRank":3742,"score":4,"notes":"-doori means 'just as': yotei doori (as planned).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":185},{"id":"w-shotchuu","romaji":"shotchuu","polite":null,"english":"all the time; constantly","use":"A casual 'often', usually hinting 'too often'.","ja":"しょっちゅう","kana":"しょっちゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, shotchuu chikoku suru yo ne.","ja":"彼、しょっちゅう遅刻するよね。","english":"He's always late, isn't he?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa shotchuu chikoku shimasu ne.","ja":"彼はしょっちゅう遅刻しますね。","english":"He's late all the time."},"freqRank":3196,"score":4,"notes":"More casual and stronger than yoku (often).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":186},{"id":"w-kihonteki-ni","romaji":"kihonteki ni","polite":null,"english":"basically; as a rule","use":"States the general rule while leaving room for exceptions.","ja":"基本的に","kana":"きほんてきに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"doyoubi wa kihonteki ni yasumi da yo.","ja":"土曜日は基本的に休みだよ。","english":"I'm basically off on Saturdays."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"doyoubi wa kihonteki ni yasumi desu.","ja":"土曜日は基本的に休みです。","english":"Saturdays are generally my day off."},"freqRank":4814,"score":4,"notes":"-teki ni makes adverbs from nouns: jikanteki ni (time-wise).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":187}],"stage":1,"range":"185-187","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-degree-2","label":"Very and really","rationale":"Lets you say 'really', 'super' and 'dead tired' at the right strength.","interference":"Zuibun is about a surprising amount or change, not a plain 'very'.","items":[{"id":"w-tottemo","romaji":"tottemo","polite":null,"english":"very; really; so","use":"A warmer, more emphatic totemo, common in friendly or gushing speech.","ja":"とっても","kana":"とっても","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono keeki, tottemo oishii!","ja":"このケーキ、とってもおいしい！","english":"This cake is so good!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono keeki, tottemo oishii desu.","ja":"このケーキ、とってもおいしいです。","english":"This cake is really delicious."},"freqRank":1361,"score":4,"notes":"Plain totemo is the neutral form.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":188},{"id":"w-mechakucha","romaji":"mechakucha","polite":null,"english":"super; extremely; a total mess","use":"Informal intensifier before adjectives and verbs; on its own it means a mess or ruined.","ja":"めちゃくちゃ","kana":"めちゃくちゃ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou no shiai, mechakucha omoshirokatta.","ja":"昨日の試合、めちゃくちゃ面白かった。","english":"Yesterday's game was super fun."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou no shiai wa mechakucha omoshirokatta desu.","ja":"昨日の試合はめちゃくちゃ面白かったです。","english":"Yesterday's game was really fun."},"freqRank":1297,"score":4,"notes":"Often shortened to mecha (mecha oishii). Heya ga mechakucha da = the room is a total mess.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":189},{"id":"w-zuibun","romaji":"zuibun","polite":null,"english":"quite; a lot; really","use":"Comments on a surprising amount or change: zuibun hayai ne, zuibun kawatta.","ja":"随分","kana":"ずいぶん","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zuibun ookiku natta ne!","ja":"随分大きくなったね！","english":"You've grown so much!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"zuibun ookiku narimashita ne.","ja":"随分大きくなりましたね。","english":"He's grown so much."},"freqRank":1292,"score":3,"notes":"Can sound critical: zuibun na iikata da ne (that's a harsh thing to say).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":190},{"id":"w-shinu-hodo","romaji":"shinu hodo","polite":null,"english":"to death; incredibly","use":"Casual exaggeration with feelings and states: shinu hodo tsukareta, shinu hodo waratta.","ja":"死ぬほど","kana":"しぬほど","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa shinu hodo tsukareta.","ja":"今日は死ぬほど疲れた。","english":"I'm dead tired today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa shinu hodo tsukaremashita.","ja":"今日は死ぬほど疲れました。","english":"I'm exhausted today."},"freqRank":4853,"score":4,"notes":"Hodo after a verb means 'to the point of': naku hodo ureshii (so happy I could cry).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":191}],"stage":1,"range":"188-191","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-degree-3","label":"So-so and fairly","rationale":"Lets you give a modest, middle-of-the-road answer.","interference":"Maamaa works alone as a reply; sorenari ni and aru teido modify a verb.","items":[{"id":"w-maamaa","romaji":"maamaa","polite":null,"english":"so-so; not bad; now, now","use":"The reply to 'how was it?' when it was OK but not great.","ja":"まあまあ","kana":"まあまあ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shiken dou datta? — maamaa kana.","ja":"試験どうだった？—まあまあかな。","english":"How was the exam? — So-so, I guess."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shiken wa dou deshita ka? — maamaa deshita.","ja":"試験はどうでしたか？—まあまあでした。","english":"How was the exam? — It was all right."},"freqRank":1073,"score":4,"notes":"Said softly to calm someone: maamaa, ochitsuite (now, now, calm down).","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":192},{"id":"w-sokosoko","romaji":"sokosoko","polite":null,"english":"fairly; reasonably; decent","use":"Neither bad nor great; often modest about your own skills or things.","ja":"そこそこ","kana":"そこそこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano mise, sokosoko oishii yo.","ja":"あの店、そこそこおいしいよ。","english":"That place is pretty decent."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano mise wa sokosoko oishii desu yo.","ja":"あの店はそこそこおいしいですよ。","english":"That restaurant is fairly good."},"freqRank":3713,"score":4,"notes":"Sokosoko no = decent, okay-ish: sokosoko no kyuuryou (a decent salary).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":193},{"id":"w-sorenari","romaji":"sorenari","polite":null,"english":"reasonably; in its own way; as you'd expect","use":"Usually sorenari ni: decent enough given the situation, effort or price.","ja":"それなり","kana":"それなり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"renshuu shita kara, sorenari ni dekita.","ja":"練習したから、それなりにできた。","english":"I'd practiced, so it went reasonably well."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"renshuu shita node, sorenari ni dekimashita.","ja":"練習したので、それなりにできました。","english":"I had practiced, so it went fairly well."},"freqRank":3209,"score":4,"notes":"Sorenari no = fitting, matching: sorenari no riyuu (a good enough reason).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":194},{"id":"w-aru-teido","romaji":"aru teido","polite":null,"english":"to some extent; a certain amount","use":"Hedges a claim so you don't overstate it.","ja":"ある程度","kana":"あるていど","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nihongo wa aru teido wakaru yo.","ja":"日本語はある程度わかるよ。","english":"I understand Japanese to some extent."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nihongo wa aru teido wakarimasu.","ja":"日本語はある程度わかります。","english":"I understand Japanese to a certain degree."},"freqRank":5022,"score":4,"notes":"A bit more neutral and work-friendly than sokosoko.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":195}],"stage":1,"range":"192-195","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-1","label":"Feelings as sounds","rationale":"Lets you say you're nervous, excited, annoyed, let down or relieved.","interference":"Dokidoki includes nerves; wakuwaku is pure happy excitement.","items":[{"id":"w-dokidoki-suru","romaji":"dokidoki suru","polite":"dokidoki shimasu","english":"heart pounding; be nervous; be thrilled","use":"A racing heart from nerves, excitement or a crush.","ja":"ドキドキする","kana":"どきどきする","politeJa":"ドキドキします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"happyou no mae, sugoi dokidoki shita.","ja":"発表の前、すごいドキドキした。","english":"My heart was pounding before the presentation."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"happyou no mae wa totemo dokidoki shimashita.","ja":"発表の前はとてもドキドキしました。","english":"I was really nervous before the presentation."},"freqRank":2363,"score":4,"notes":"Wakuwaku is pure happy excitement; dokidoki includes nerves.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":196},{"id":"w-wakuwaku-suru","romaji":"wakuwaku suru","polite":"wakuwaku shimasu","english":"be excited; can't wait","use":"Happy anticipation of something coming up.","ja":"ワクワクする","kana":"わくわくする","politeJa":"ワクワクします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita no ryokou, wakuwaku suru ne!","ja":"明日の旅行、ワクワクするね！","english":"So excited for tomorrow's trip!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita no ryokou, wakuwaku shimasu ne.","ja":"明日の旅行、ワクワクしますね。","english":"I'm really looking forward to tomorrow's trip."},"freqRank":4067,"score":4,"notes":"Wakuwaku shite nemurenai = too excited to sleep.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":197},{"id":"w-iraira-suru","romaji":"iraira suru","polite":"iraira shimasu","english":"be irritated; get annoyed","use":"Ongoing irritation or impatience from people, waiting or stress.","ja":"イライラする","kana":"いらいらする","politeJa":"イライラします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"densha ga konakute iraira suru.","ja":"電車が来なくてイライラする。","english":"The train isn't coming and it's driving me nuts."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"densha ga konakute iraira shimasu.","ja":"電車が来なくてイライラします。","english":"The train isn't coming, and it's frustrating."},"freqRank":3073,"score":4,"notes":"Iraira shinaide = don't get so worked up.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":198},{"id":"w-gakkari-suru","romaji":"gakkari suru","polite":"gakkari shimasu","english":"be disappointed; be let down","use":"When something falls short of what you hoped.","ja":"がっかりする","kana":"がっかりする","politeJa":"がっかりします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ame de shiai ga chuushi ni natte, gakkari shita.","ja":"雨で試合が中止になって、がっかりした。","english":"The game got rained off. What a letdown."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ame de shiai ga chuushi ni natte, gakkari shimashita.","ja":"雨で試合が中止になって、がっかりしました。","english":"I was disappointed the game was cancelled for rain."},"freqRank":3214,"score":4,"notes":"Said to someone's face (anata ni gakkari shita) it's a harsh rebuke.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":199},{"id":"w-hotto-suru","romaji":"hotto suru","polite":"hotto shimasu","english":"be relieved; feel at ease","use":"The relief when a worry ends, or the calm of feeling at home.","ja":"ほっとする","kana":"ほっとする","politeJa":"ほっとします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"buji de hotto shita yo.","ja":"無事でほっとしたよ。","english":"I'm so relieved you're okay."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"buji de hotto shimashita.","ja":"無事でほっとしました。","english":"I was relieved you were safe."},"freqRank":2752,"score":3,"notes":"Hotto suru basho = a place where you can relax.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":200}],"stage":1,"range":"196-200","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-2","label":"Early, last-minute, hectic","rationale":"Lets you talk about timing and pace: early, cutting it close, rushed or relaxed.","interference":"Girigiri is about the limit; batabata is about being busy.","items":[{"id":"w-hayame","romaji":"hayame","polite":"hayame desu","english":"a bit early; earlier than usual","use":"Mostly hayame ni: doing something ahead of time to be safe.","ja":"早め","kana":"はやめ","politeJa":"早めです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"komu kara, hayame ni deyou.","ja":"混むから、早めに出よう。","english":"It'll be crowded, so let's leave a bit early."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"komimasu kara, hayame ni demashou.","ja":"混みますから、早めに出ましょう。","english":"It gets crowded, so let's leave a little early."},"freqRank":3730,"score":4,"notes":"The opposite is osome (a bit late). -me after an adjective means 'on the X side': ookime (biggish).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":201},{"id":"w-girigiri","romaji":"girigiri","polite":null,"english":"just barely; at the last minute; cutting it close","use":"Right at the limit of time, space or money: girigiri ma ni atta (just made it).","ja":"ギリギリ","kana":"ぎりぎり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuuden, girigiri ma ni atta!","ja":"終電、ギリギリ間に合った！","english":"I just barely made the last train!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuuden ni girigiri ma ni aimashita.","ja":"終電にギリギリ間に合いました。","english":"I just made the last train."},"freqRank":2660,"score":4,"notes":"Girigiri made = until the last possible moment: girigiri made neru (sleep till the last minute).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":202},{"id":"w-batabata-suru","romaji":"batabata suru","polite":"batabata shimasu","english":"be hectic; rush around","use":"A common excuse for being out of touch: batabata shiteta (things have been crazy).","ja":"バタバタする","kana":"ばたばたする","politeJa":"バタバタします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konshuu wa batabata shiteta.","ja":"今週はバタバタしてた。","english":"This week's been crazy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konshuu wa batabata shite imashita.","ja":"今週はバタバタしていました。","english":"This week has been hectic."},"freqRank":4583,"score":4,"notes":"Also the sound of flapping, or of feet running around.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":203},{"id":"w-nonbiri-suru","romaji":"nonbiri suru","polite":"nonbiri shimasu","english":"take it easy; relax; be laid-back","use":"Relaxing with no rush; also describes an easygoing person or place.","ja":"のんびりする","kana":"のんびりする","politeJa":"のんびりします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuumatsu wa ie de nonbiri shitai.","ja":"週末は家でのんびりしたい。","english":"I want to take it easy at home this weekend."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuumatsu wa ie de nonbiri shitai desu.","ja":"週末は家でのんびりしたいです。","english":"I'd like to relax at home this weekend."},"freqRank":3406,"score":4,"notes":"Nonbiri shita hito = an easygoing (or slow-moving) person.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":204}],"stage":1,"range":"201-204","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"connect-1","label":"And then","rationale":"Lets you tell what happened next in a story.","interference":"Soshite sounds tidy; in chat sore kara is more natural, and soshitara often signals a surprise.","items":[{"id":"w-sore-kara","romaji":"sore kara","polite":null,"english":"and then; after that; since then","use":"Links the next step in a sequence, or adds one more item to a list.","ja":"それから","kana":"それから","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gohan tabete, sore kara eiga mita.","ja":"ご飯食べて、それから映画見た。","english":"We ate, and then watched a movie."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gohan o tabete, sore kara eiga o mimashita.","ja":"ご飯を食べて、それから映画を見ました。","english":"We ate, and then watched a movie."},"freqRank":2967,"score":5,"notes":"After a past event it can mean 'since then': sore kara zutto (ever since).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":205},{"id":"w-soshite","romaji":"soshite","polite":null,"english":"and; and then","use":"Sounds tidy, like storytelling or a speech.","ja":"そして","kana":"そして","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare ga kite, soshite nani mo iwazu ni kaetta.","ja":"彼が来て、そして何も言わずに帰った。","english":"He came, and then left without a word."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare ga kite, soshite nani mo iwazu ni kaerimashita.","ja":"彼が来て、そして何も言わずに帰りました。","english":"He came, and then left without a word."},"freqRank":214,"score":3,"notes":"In casual chat, sore de and sore kara are more common.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":206},{"id":"w-soshitara","romaji":"soshitara","polite":null,"english":"and then (it turned out); in that case","use":"Tells what happened next, often a surprise, or suggests a next step after hearing a plan.","ja":"そしたら","kana":"そしたら","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"doa aketa no. soshitara neko ga ita.","ja":"ドア開けたの。そしたら猫がいた。","english":"I opened the door, and there was a cat."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"doa o akemashita. soshitara neko ga imashita.","ja":"ドアを開けました。そしたら猫がいました。","english":"I opened the door, and there was a cat."},"freqRank":557,"score":4,"notes":"Short for sou shitara. For 'in that case' you also hear ja or dattara.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":207},{"id":"w-sono-ato","romaji":"sono ato","polite":null,"english":"after that; afterwards","use":"Points to a later time, often with a gap; sore kara is more 'the next step'.","ja":"その後","kana":"そのあと","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono ato doko itta no?","ja":"その後どこ行ったの?","english":"Where did you go after that?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono ato doko ni ikimashita ka?","ja":"その後どこに行きましたか?","english":"Where did you go after that?"},"freqRank":973,"score":4,"notes":"The same kanji read sono go is the formal version heard in news and reports.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":208}],"stage":1,"range":"205-208","category":"Connectors"},{"id":"connect-4","label":"Even so and but","rationale":"Lets you push back, add a caveat or set a condition.","interference":"Sore demo (even so) vs sore de (so); dakara tte (just because) vs dakara (so).","items":[{"id":"w-tada-2","romaji":"tada","polite":null,"english":"but, only thing is; just, only","use":"At the start of a sentence it adds a caveat after agreeing.","ja":"ただ","kana":"ただ","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ii to omou yo. tada, chotto takai kana.","ja":"いいと思うよ。ただ、ちょっと高いかな。","english":"I think it's good. Only thing is, it's a bit pricey."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ii to omoimasu. tada, chotto takai desu ne.","ja":"いいと思います。ただ、ちょっと高いですね。","english":"I think it's good. Only thing is, it's a bit pricey."},"freqRank":164,"score":4,"notes":"Tada no tomodachi = just a friend; tada de = for free (casual for muryou).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":209},{"id":"w-sore-demo","romaji":"sore demo","polite":null,"english":"even so; still","use":"Says something still holds despite what was just said.","ja":"それでも","kana":"それでも","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"takai yo. sore demo kau no?","ja":"高いよ。それでも買うの?","english":"It's expensive. You're still buying it?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"takai desu yo. sore demo kaimasu ka?","ja":"高いですよ。それでも買いますか?","english":"It's expensive. Are you still buying it?"},"freqRank":506,"score":4,"notes":"Don't confuse with sore de (so, and then); the mo turns it into 'even so'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":210},{"id":"w-dakara-tte","romaji":"dakara tte","polite":null,"english":"just because (that doesn't mean); even so","use":"Pushes back: the reason given doesn't justify the conclusion.","ja":"だからって","kana":"だからって","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":["casual-only"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dakara tte, sonna ni okoranakute mo ii jan.","ja":"だからって、そんなに怒らなくてもいいじゃん。","english":"Even so, you don't need to get that angry."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":991,"score":3,"notes":"The polite form is dakara to itte. Pattern: dakara tte ... wake ja nai (just because ... doesn't mean).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":211},{"id":"w-sore-ni-shite-mo","romaji":"sore ni shite mo","polite":null,"english":"even so; still, (but) really","use":"Accepts what was said, then comes back to how striking something is.","ja":"それにしても","kana":"それにしても","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore ni shite mo, kyou atsui ne.","ja":"それにしても、今日暑いね。","english":"Still, it's really hot today, huh."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore ni shite mo, kyou wa atsui desu ne.","ja":"それにしても、今日は暑いですね。","english":"Still, it's really hot today."},"freqRank":1459,"score":3,"notes":"Often an exclamation that breaks into the conversation, like 'man, ...'; for a plain 'even so' use sore demo.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":212},{"id":"w-sono-kawari","romaji":"sono kawari","polite":null,"english":"instead; in exchange; but then","use":"Sets a condition or trade-off right after agreeing to something.","ja":"その代わり","kana":"そのかわり","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ii yo. sono kawari, ranchi ogotte ne.","ja":"いいよ。その代わり、ランチおごってね。","english":"Sure. But in exchange, you buy me lunch."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ii desu yo. sono kawari, ranchi o ogotte kudasai ne.","ja":"いいですよ。その代わり、ランチをおごってくださいね。","english":"Sure. But in exchange, you buy me lunch."},"freqRank":2876,"score":3,"notes":"Also for a trade-off in facts: yasui. sono kawari, tooi (it's cheap, but then it's far). X no kawari ni = instead of X.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":213}],"stage":1,"range":"209-213","category":"Connectors"},{"id":"connect-3","label":"Changing the subject","rationale":"Lets you switch topics or slip in a side fact.","interference":"Tokoro de opens a new topic; chinami ni adds a side fact on the same one.","items":[{"id":"w-tokoro-de","romaji":"tokoro de","polite":null,"english":"by the way","use":"Switches to a new topic, often the one you really wanted to bring up.","ja":"ところで","kana":"ところで","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tokoro de, ashita no yoru hima?","ja":"ところで、明日の夜暇?","english":"By the way, are you free tomorrow night?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tokoro de, ashita no yoru wa ohima desu ka?","ja":"ところで、明日の夜はお暇ですか?","english":"By the way, are you free tomorrow night?"},"freqRank":581,"score":4,"notes":"Chinami ni adds a side fact on the same topic; tokoro de changes the topic.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":214},{"id":"w-sore-yori","romaji":"sore yori","polite":null,"english":"more importantly; never mind that","use":"Brushes the current topic aside for something more pressing.","ja":"それより","kana":"それより","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore yori, hayaku ikanai to okureru yo.","ja":"それより、早く行かないと遅れるよ。","english":"Never mind that, we'll be late if we don't hurry."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore yori, hayaku ikanai to okuremasu yo.","ja":"それより、早く行かないと遅れますよ。","english":"Never mind that, we'll be late if we don't hurry."},"freqRank":1146,"score":4,"notes":"Sore yori mo means the same, a bit more emphatic. Literally 'than that', so it also compares: sore yori kore ga ii (this is better).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":215},{"id":"w-chinami-ni","romaji":"chinami ni","polite":null,"english":"by the way; just so you know","use":"Adds a related side fact to what was just said.","ja":"ちなみに","kana":"ちなみに","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chinami ni, kono kutsu ichiman en datta.","ja":"ちなみに、この靴一万円だった。","english":"Just so you know, these shoes were 10,000 yen."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chinami ni, kono kutsu wa ichiman en deshita.","ja":"ちなみに、この靴は一万円でした。","english":"Just so you know, these shoes were 10,000 yen."},"freqRank":1381,"score":4,"notes":"Also opens a curious question: chinami ni, nan sai? (Out of curiosity, how old are you?)","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":216},{"id":"w-sate","romaji":"sate","polite":null,"english":"well then; now","use":"Said to yourself or a group when moving on to the next thing.","ja":"さて","kana":"さて","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sate, sorosoro kaerou ka.","ja":"さて、そろそろ帰ろうか。","english":"Well then, shall we head home?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sate, sorosoro kaerimashou ka.","ja":"さて、そろそろ帰りましょうか。","english":"Well then, shall we head home?"},"freqRank":1111,"score":3,"notes":"Sounds a little deliberate, like getting up to start a task; common in presentations: sate, tsugi wa...","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":217}],"stage":1,"range":"214-217","category":"Connectors"},{"id":"connect-6","label":"Rephrasing and hedging","rationale":"Lets you correct yourself, flip an expectation or hedge.","interference":"Mushiro picks the better of two options; gyaku ni flips an expectation.","items":[{"id":"w-tte-iu-ka","romaji":"tte iu ka","polite":null,"english":"I mean; or rather; actually","use":"Corrects or reframes what was just said, or abruptly changes the topic.","ja":"っていうか","kana":"っていうか","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":["casual-only"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tte iu ka, sore mou owatta yo.","ja":"っていうか、それもう終わったよ。","english":"Actually, that's already done."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":948,"score":4,"notes":"The polite form is to iu ka. Mid-sentence it means 'more like': tsukareta tte iu ka nemui (not tired, more like sleepy). Slangier: tteka.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":218},{"id":"w-gyaku-ni","romaji":"gyaku ni","polite":null,"english":"on the contrary; if anything; actually","use":"Flags that the truth is the opposite of what you'd expect.","ja":"逆に","kana":"ぎゃくに","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yasumi da to, gyaku ni tsukareru n da yo ne.","ja":"休みだと、逆に疲れるんだよね。","english":"On days off, I actually get more tired."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yasumi da to, gyaku ni tsukareru n desu yo ne.","ja":"休みだと、逆に疲れるんですよね。","english":"On days off, I actually get more tired."},"freqRank":1144,"score":4,"notes":"Literally 'in reverse': gyaku da yo (it's the other way round).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":219},{"id":"w-aru-imi","romaji":"aru imi","polite":null,"english":"in a sense; in a way","use":"Softens a claim that's only true from one angle, often an ironic one.","ja":"ある意味","kana":"あるいみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aru imi, sugoi yo ne.","ja":"ある意味、すごいよね。","english":"In a way, it's kind of amazing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"aru imi, sugoi desu yo ne.","ja":"ある意味、すごいですよね。","english":"In a way, it's kind of amazing."},"freqRank":4266,"score":4,"notes":"Often backhanded: aru imi tensai (a genius, in a sense) is rarely a compliment.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":220},{"id":"w-mushiro","romaji":"mushiro","polite":null,"english":"rather; if anything","use":"Says the second option fits better than the first: not A, but rather B.","ja":"むしろ","kana":"むしろ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"samui no wa heiki. mushiro suki.","ja":"寒いのは平気。むしろ好き。","english":"The cold doesn't bother me. If anything, I like it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"samui no wa heiki desu. mushiro suki desu.","ja":"寒いのは平気です。むしろ好きです。","english":"The cold doesn't bother me. If anything, I like it."},"freqRank":1127,"score":3,"notes":"Close to gyaku ni; mushiro picks the better of two options, gyaku ni flips an expectation.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":221},{"id":"w-iwayuru","romaji":"iwayuru","polite":null,"english":"so-called; what you'd call","use":"Comes before a noun to label something with a familiar term.","ja":"いわゆる","kana":"いわゆる","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare wa iwayuru otaku da ne.","ja":"彼はいわゆるオタクだね。","english":"He's what you'd call an otaku."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa iwayuru otaku desu ne.","ja":"彼はいわゆるオタクですね。","english":"He's what you'd call an otaku."},"freqRank":2467,"score":3,"notes":"Unlike English 'so-called', it isn't sarcastic; it just means 'as people call it'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":222}],"stage":1,"range":"218-222","category":"Connectors"},{"id":"v-move-1","label":"Walking and running","rationale":"Say how you're getting somewhere on foot and tell someone to hurry.","interference":"isogu is hurrying in general, not running; tobu covers both fly and jump.","items":[{"id":"w-aruku","romaji":"aruku","polite":"arukimasu","english":"walk","use":"aruite iku = go on foot.","ja":"歩く","kana":"あるく","politeJa":"歩きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki made aruite ikou ka.","ja":"駅まで歩いて行こうか。","english":"Shall we walk to the station?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki made aruite ikimashou ka.","ja":"駅まで歩いて行きましょうか。","english":"Shall we walk to the station?"},"freqRank":526,"score":5,"notes":"aruite gofun = a five-minute walk.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":223},{"id":"w-isogu","romaji":"isogu","polite":"isogimasu","english":"hurry","use":"isoide! is the everyday 'Hurry up!'.","ja":"急ぐ","kana":"いそぐ","politeJa":"急ぎます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"isoide! densha itchau yo.","ja":"急いで！電車行っちゃうよ。","english":"Hurry! We'll miss the train."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"isoide kudasai. densha ga demasu yo.","ja":"急いでください。電車が出ますよ。","english":"Please hurry. The train's about to leave."},"freqRank":733,"score":4,"notes":"isoganakute ii yo = no rush.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":224},{"id":"w-hashiru","romaji":"hashiru","polite":"hashirimasu","english":"run","use":null,"ja":"走る","kana":"はしる","politeJa":"走ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hashireba ma ni au yo!","ja":"走れば間に合うよ！","english":"If we run, we'll make it!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hashireba ma ni aimasu yo.","ja":"走れば間に合いますよ。","english":"If we run, we'll make it."},"freqRank":739,"score":3,"notes":"Also for vehicles running: basu ga hashitte nai (the buses aren't running).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":225},{"id":"w-tobu","romaji":"tobu","polite":"tobimasu","english":"fly; jump","use":null,"ja":"飛ぶ","kana":"とぶ","politeJa":"飛びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yuki de hikouki tobanai tte.","ja":"雪で飛行機飛ばないって。","english":"They say the planes aren't flying because of the snow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yuki de hikouki ga tobanai sou desu.","ja":"雪で飛行機が飛ばないそうです。","english":"I hear flights are grounded because of the snow."},"freqRank":1150,"score":3,"notes":"sugu tonde iku = I'll rush right over. A jump on the spot is often janpu suru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":226}],"stage":2,"range":"223-226","category":"Verbs: moving"},{"id":"v-move-6","label":"Taking people along","rationale":"Bring or take a friend, child or pet, or ask to be picked up.","interference":"tsurete kuru is toward the speaker, tsurete iku away; for things use motte kuru and motte iku.","items":[{"id":"w-tsureru","romaji":"tsureru","polite":"tsuremasu","english":"have someone with you; take or bring someone along","use":"For people and animals, mostly as tsureteru (has with them) or inside tsurete iku and tsurete kuru.","ja":"連れる","kana":"つれる","politeJa":"連れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito, itsumo inu tsureteru ne.","ja":"あの人、いつも犬連れてるね。","english":"That guy always has his dog with him."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano kata wa itsumo inu o tsurete imasu ne.","ja":"あの方はいつも犬を連れていますね。","english":"That person always has a dog with them."},"freqRank":415,"score":4,"notes":"Things you carry use motsu instead: motte iku, motte kuru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":227},{"id":"w-mukae-ni-kuru","romaji":"mukae ni kuru","polite":"mukae ni kimasu","english":"come to pick (someone) up","use":"For people; coming to collect a thing is tori ni kuru.","ja":"迎えに来る","kana":"むかえにくる","politeJa":"迎えに来ます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki made mukae ni kite kureru?","ja":"駅まで迎えに来てくれる？","english":"Can you come pick me up at the station?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki made mukae ni kite moraemasu ka?","ja":"駅まで迎えに来てもらえますか？","english":"Could you come and pick me up at the station?"},"freqRank":2500,"score":4,"notes":"Going to pick someone up is mukae ni iku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":228},{"id":"w-tsurete-kuru","romaji":"tsurete kuru","polite":"tsurete kimasu","english":"bring (a person or pet)","use":"Toward the speaker or the place being talked about.","ja":"連れてくる","kana":"つれてくる","politeJa":"連れてきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kondo kanojo tsurete kite yo.","ja":"今度彼女連れてきてよ。","english":"Bring your girlfriend next time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kondo kanojo-san mo tsurete kite kudasai.","ja":"今度彼女さんも連れてきてください。","english":"Please bring your girlfriend next time too."},"freqRank":4011,"score":4,"notes":"Bringing a thing is motte kuru, not tsurete kuru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":229},{"id":"w-tsurete-iku","romaji":"tsurete iku","polite":"tsurete ikimasu","english":"take (a person or pet) somewhere","use":"Away from the speaker; tsurete itte! = take me with you!","ja":"連れて行く","kana":"つれていく","politeJa":"連れて行きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo, byouin ni tsurete iku ne.","ja":"子ども、病院に連れて行くね。","english":"I'll take our kid to the doctor."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo o byouin ni tsurete ikimasu.","ja":"子どもを病院に連れて行きます。","english":"I'm taking my child to the doctor."},"freqRank":4353,"score":4,"notes":"Taking a thing is motte iku. Often shortened to tsureteku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":230}],"stage":2,"range":"227-230","category":"Verbs: moving"},{"id":"v-body-2","label":"Laugh, sing, dance, kiss","rationale":"Describe a fun night out or an affectionate moment.","interference":"nameru also means 'look down on' (namenna yo!), unrelated to licking.","items":[{"id":"w-warau","romaji":"warau","polite":"waraimasu","english":"laugh; smile","use":"Laughing at someone takes o: hito o warau.","ja":"笑う","kana":"わらう","politeJa":"笑います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto, warawanaide yo! shinken nan dakara.","ja":"ちょっと、笑わないでよ！真剣なんだから。","english":"Hey, don't laugh! I'm serious."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"warawanaide kudasai. shinken nan desu.","ja":"笑わないでください。真剣なんです。","english":"Please don't laugh. I'm serious."},"freqRank":377,"score":4,"notes":"Covers smiling too: waratte! = smile! (for photos).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":231},{"id":"w-utau","romaji":"utau","polite":"utaimasu","english":"sing","use":null,"ja":"歌う","kana":"うたう","politeJa":"歌います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"karaoke de nani utau?","ja":"カラオケで何歌う？","english":"What are you going to sing at karaoke?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"karaoke de nani o utaimasu ka?","ja":"カラオケで何を歌いますか？","english":"What will you sing at karaoke?"},"freqRank":1426,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":232},{"id":"w-odoru","romaji":"odoru","polite":"odorimasu","english":"dance","use":null,"ja":"踊る","kana":"おどる","politeJa":"踊ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"issho ni odorou yo!","ja":"一緒に踊ろうよ！","english":"Come dance with me!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"issho ni odorimasen ka?","ja":"一緒に踊りませんか？","english":"Would you like to dance?"},"freqRank":2283,"score":3,"notes":"dansu suru is also common, especially for modern dance.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":233},{"id":"w-kisu-suru","romaji":"kisu suru","polite":"kisu shimasu","english":"kiss","use":null,"ja":"キスする","kana":"キスする","politeJa":"キスします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"e, futari kisu shita no?","ja":"え、二人キスしたの？","english":"Wait, you two kissed?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"e, futari wa kisu shita n desu ka?","ja":"え、二人はキスしたんですか？","english":"Wait, the two of you kissed?"},"freqRank":2004,"score":3,"notes":"Casual and cute: chuu (suru).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":234},{"id":"w-nameru","romaji":"nameru","polite":"namemasu","english":"lick; look down on, underestimate","use":"The 'look down on' sense is common in arguments: namenna yo! (don't mess with me).","ja":"なめる","kana":"なめる","politeJa":"なめます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aite o namenai hou ga ii yo.","ja":"相手をなめない方がいいよ。","english":"Better not underestimate them."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"aite o namenai hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"相手をなめない方がいいですよ。","english":"You shouldn't underestimate them."},"freqRank":1400,"score":3,"notes":"The lick sense is everyday too: aisu o nameru (lick an ice cream), ame o nameru (suck a candy).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":235}],"stage":2,"range":"231-235","category":"Verbs: the body"},{"id":"v-body-3","label":"Sick days","rationale":"Call in sick, say you've caught a cold and talk about getting better.","interference":"naoru is the illness getting better; naosu is you curing it.","items":[{"id":"w-yasumu","romaji":"yasumu","polite":"yasumimasu","english":"rest, take a break; take time off (school, work)","use":"Skipping school or work takes o: gakkou o yasumu.","ja":"休む","kana":"やすむ","politeJa":"休みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"netsu aru kara, kyou gakkou yasumu.","ja":"熱あるから、今日学校休む。","english":"I've got a fever, so I'm skipping school today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"netsu ga aru node, kyou wa yasumimasu.","ja":"熱があるので、今日は休みます。","english":"I have a fever, so I'll take today off."},"freqRank":584,"score":4,"notes":"oyasumi = good night; chotto yasumou = let's take a break.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":236},{"id":"w-naoru","romaji":"naoru","polite":"naorimasu","english":"get better, heal","use":"The illness or injury is the subject: kaze ga naoru.","ja":"治る","kana":"なおる","politeJa":"治ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaze, mou naotta? daijoubu?","ja":"風邪、もう治った？大丈夫？","english":"Is your cold better? You okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaze wa mou naorimashita ka? daijoubu desu ka?","ja":"風邪はもう治りましたか？大丈夫ですか？","english":"Has your cold cleared up? Are you all right?"},"freqRank":1604,"score":4,"notes":"直る naoru, same sound, is things getting fixed. Curing it yourself is naosu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":237},{"id":"w-kaze-hiku","romaji":"kaze hiku","polite":"kaze o hikimasu","english":"catch a cold","use":"Usually past: kaze hiita (I've got a cold).","ja":"風邪ひく","kana":"かぜひく","politeJa":"風邪をひきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nodo itai. kaze hiita mitai.","ja":"喉痛い。風邪ひいたみたい。","english":"My throat hurts. I think I've caught a cold."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nodo ga itai desu. kaze o hiita mitai desu.","ja":"喉が痛いです。風邪をひいたみたいです。","english":"My throat hurts. I think I've caught a cold."},"freqRank":3998,"score":4,"notes":"Full form is kaze o hiku; don't swap in toru or motsu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":238},{"id":"w-naosu","romaji":"naosu","polite":"naoshimasu","english":"cure; get over (an illness)","use":"You or a doctor does it: kaze o naosu.","ja":"治す","kana":"なおす","politeJa":"治します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hayaku kaze naoshite ne.","ja":"早く風邪治してね。","english":"Get over that cold soon."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hayaku kaze o naoshite kudasai ne.","ja":"早く風邪を治してくださいね。","english":"I hope you get over your cold soon."},"freqRank":2761,"score":3,"notes":"直す naosu, same sound, means fix or correct things.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":239}],"stage":2,"range":"236-239","category":"Verbs: the body"},{"id":"v-body-4","label":"Falls and bumps","rationale":"Describe small mishaps: getting soaked, collapsing, tripping, banging into things.","interference":"korobu is tripping over; taoreru is collapsing or toppling.","items":[{"id":"w-nureru","romaji":"nureru","polite":"nuremasu","english":"get wet","use":null,"ja":"濡れる","kana":"ぬれる","politeJa":"濡れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ame de bishobisho ni nureta.","ja":"雨でびしょびしょに濡れた。","english":"I got soaked in the rain."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ame de bishobisho ni nuremashita.","ja":"雨でびしょびしょに濡れました。","english":"I got soaked in the rain."},"freqRank":6660,"score":4,"notes":"Making something wet is nurasu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":240},{"id":"w-taoreru","romaji":"taoreru","polite":"taoremasu","english":"collapse; fall over, topple","use":"For people collapsing, often from illness, and things toppling over.","ja":"倒れる","kana":"たおれる","politeJa":"倒れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"otousan ga taoreta tte!","ja":"お父さんが倒れたって！","english":"Dad's collapsed!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chichi ga taoreta n desu.","ja":"父が倒れたんです。","english":"My father has collapsed."},"freqRank":986,"score":3,"notes":"Tripping while walking is korobu; taoreru is more serious.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":241},{"id":"w-korobu","romaji":"korobu","polite":"korobimasu","english":"trip, fall over","use":null,"ja":"転ぶ","kana":"ころぶ","politeJa":"転びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, kaidan de koronjatta.","ja":"昨日、階段で転んじゃった。","english":"I tripped on the stairs yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou, kaidan de koronde shimaimashita.","ja":"昨日、階段で転んでしまいました。","english":"I fell on the stairs yesterday."},"freqRank":2333,"score":3,"notes":"Collapsing or toppling over is taoreru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":242},{"id":"w-butsukeru","romaji":"butsukeru","polite":"butsukemasu","english":"bump, bang (something) into; hit","use":"You bump a thing into something: atama o butsukeru (bang your head).","ja":"ぶつける","kana":"ぶつける","politeJa":"ぶつけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"itai! tana ni atama butsuketa.","ja":"痛い！棚に頭ぶつけた。","english":"Ow! I banged my head on the shelf."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tana ni atama o butsukete shimaimashita.","ja":"棚に頭をぶつけてしまいました。","english":"I banged my head on the shelf."},"freqRank":2440,"score":3,"notes":"butsukaru = to bump into (by itself): hito ni butsukaru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":243}],"stage":2,"range":"240-243","category":"Verbs: the body"},{"id":"v-home-6","label":"Sleep habits","rationale":"Lets you explain oversleeping, naps, early mornings and late nights.","interference":"Hayaoki (getting up early) and yofukashi (staying up late) are easy to swap.","items":[{"id":"w-nebou-suru","romaji":"nebou suru","polite":"nebou shimasu","english":"oversleep","use":"The classic excuse for being late.","ja":"寝坊する","kana":"ねぼうする","politeJa":"寝坊します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, kesa nebou shichatta!","ja":"ごめん、今朝寝坊しちゃった!","english":"Sorry, I overslept this morning!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, kesa nebou shimashita.","ja":"すみません、今朝寝坊しました。","english":"I'm sorry, I overslept this morning."},"freqRank":7331,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":244},{"id":"w-hirune-suru","romaji":"hirune suru","polite":"hirune shimasu","english":"take a nap","use":"A daytime nap, often after lunch.","ja":"昼寝する","kana":"ひるねする","politeJa":"昼寝します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gohan no ato, chotto hirune suru.","ja":"ご飯の後、ちょっと昼寝する。","english":"I'm going to take a quick nap after lunch."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gohan no ato, sukoshi hirune shimasu.","ja":"ご飯の後、少し昼寝します。","english":"I'm going to take a short nap after lunch."},"freqRank":7106,"score":3,"notes":"Also a noun: hirune no jikan = nap time.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":245},{"id":"w-hayaoki-suru","romaji":"hayaoki suru","polite":"hayaoki shimasu","english":"get up early","use":null,"ja":"早起きする","kana":"はやおきする","politeJa":"早起きします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita hayaoki shinakya ikenai n da.","ja":"明日早起きしなきゃいけないんだ。","english":"I have to get up early tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita wa hayaoki shinai to ikenai n desu.","ja":"明日は早起きしないといけないんです。","english":"I have to get up early tomorrow."},"freqRank":8805,"score":3,"notes":"Also a noun for the habit: hayaoki da ne = you're an early riser.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":246},{"id":"w-yofukashi-suru","romaji":"yofukashi suru","polite":"yofukashi shimasu","english":"stay up late","use":null,"ja":"夜更かしする","kana":"よふかしする","politeJa":"夜更かしします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou mata yofukashi shichatta yo.","ja":"昨日また夜更かししちゃったよ。","english":"I stayed up late again last night."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou mata yofukashi shite shimaimashita.","ja":"昨日また夜更かししてしまいました。","english":"I stayed up late again last night."},"freqRank":17358,"score":3,"notes":"The opposite habit is hayaoki, getting up early.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":247}],"stage":2,"range":"244-247","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-talk-5","label":"Owning up","rationale":"Lets you talk about apologising, admitting, lying and being frank.","interference":"Ayamaru is talking about apologising; the actual words are gomen or sumimasen.","items":[{"id":"w-ayamaru","romaji":"ayamaru","polite":"ayamarimasu","english":"apologise","use":"Talking about apologising; the words themselves are gomen or sumimasen.","ja":"謝る","kana":"あやまる","politeJa":"謝ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hayaku kanojo ni ayamari na yo.","ja":"早く彼女に謝りなよ。","english":"Go apologise to her, quick."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hayaku kanojo ni ayamatta hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"早く彼女に謝ったほうがいいですよ。","english":"You should apologise to her soon."},"freqRank":487,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":248},{"id":"w-mitomeru","romaji":"mitomeru","polite":"mitomemasu","english":"admit; accept; approve","use":null,"ja":"認める","kana":"みとめる","politeJa":"認めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, zettai machigai mitomenai n da yo.","ja":"彼、絶対間違い認めないんだよ。","english":"He never admits he's wrong."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa zettai ni machigai o mitomenai n desu.","ja":"彼は絶対に間違いを認めないんです。","english":"He never admits he's wrong."},"freqRank":524,"score":3,"notes":"Also 'accept, approve': oya ni mitomete moraenai = my parents won't accept it.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":249},{"id":"w-hakkiri-iu","romaji":"hakkiri iu","polite":"hakkiri iimasu","english":"say it straight; be frank","use":null,"ja":"はっきり言う","kana":"はっきりいう","politeJa":"はっきり言います","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"iitai koto aru nara, hakkiri itte.","ja":"言いたいことあるなら、はっきり言って。","english":"If you've got something to say, say it straight."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"iitai koto ga aru nara, hakkiri itte kudasai.","ja":"言いたいことがあるなら、はっきり言ってください。","english":"If you have something to say, please say it plainly."},"freqRank":1887,"score":3,"notes":"Hakkiri itte at the start of a sentence = 'frankly, to be honest'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":250}],"stage":2,"range":"248-250","category":"Verbs: talking"},{"id":"v-talk-1","label":"Read, write, explain","rationale":"Lets you talk about reading, writing, explaining and learning from someone.","interference":"Osowaru (be taught) and oshieru (teach) are the same lesson from opposite sides.","items":[{"id":"w-kaku","romaji":"kaku","polite":"kakimasu","english":"write","use":null,"ja":"書く","kana":"かく","politeJa":"書きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko ni namae kaite ne.","ja":"ここに名前書いてね。","english":"Write your name here, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko ni onamae o kaite kudasai.","ja":"ここにお名前を書いてください。","english":"Please write your name here."},"freqRank":233,"score":4,"notes":"Drawing a picture is also kaku: e o kaku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":251},{"id":"w-yomu","romaji":"yomu","polite":"yomimasu","english":"read","use":null,"ja":"読む","kana":"よむ","politeJa":"読みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono hon, mou yonda?","ja":"この本、もう読んだ?","english":"Have you read this book yet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono hon wa mou yomimashita ka?","ja":"この本はもう読みましたか?","english":"Have you read this book yet?"},"freqRank":469,"score":4,"notes":"Kuuki o yomu = read the room.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":252},{"id":"w-setsumei-suru","romaji":"setsumei suru","polite":"setsumei shimasu","english":"explain","use":"The listener takes ni: tomodachi ni setsumei suru.","ja":"説明する","kana":"せつめいする","politeJa":"説明します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou ikkai setsumei shite kureru?","ja":"もう一回説明してくれる?","english":"Can you explain that again?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou ichido setsumei shite itadakemasu ka?","ja":"もう一度説明していただけますか?","english":"Could you explain that again?"},"freqRank":585,"score":4,"notes":"Also a noun: setsumei ga wakariyasui = the explanation is clear.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":253},{"id":"w-osowaru","romaji":"osowaru","polite":"osowarimasu","english":"be taught; learn (from someone)","use":"Learning from a person: X ni osowaru.","ja":"教わる","kana":"おそわる","politeJa":"教わります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono ryouri, haha ni osowatta n da.","ja":"この料理、母に教わったんだ。","english":"My mum taught me this dish."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono ryouri wa haha ni osowarimashita.","ja":"この料理は母に教わりました。","english":"My mother taught me this dish."},"freqRank":2494,"score":3,"notes":"Pairs with oshieru (teach). Narau is close but also covers lessons and classes.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":254}],"stage":2,"range":"251-254","category":"Verbs: talking"},{"id":"v-talk-3","label":"Chatting and going quiet","rationale":"Lets you talk about chatting, greeting, striking up a conversation and going silent.","interference":"Hanashikakeru (speak to someone first) vs shaberu (just chatting).","items":[{"id":"w-shaberu","romaji":"shaberu","polite":"shaberimasu","english":"talk, chat; speak (a language)","use":"Also 'blab': dare ni mo shaberanaide = don't tell anyone.","ja":"しゃべる","kana":"しゃべる","politeJa":"しゃべります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou zutto tomodachi to shabetteta.","ja":"昨日ずっと友達としゃべってた。","english":"I was chatting with friends all day yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou wa zutto tomodachi to shabette imashita.","ja":"昨日はずっと友達としゃべっていました。","english":"I was chatting with friends all day yesterday."},"freqRank":745,"score":4,"notes":"More casual than hanasu, and leans toward chatting.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":255},{"id":"w-damaru","romaji":"damaru","polite":"damarimasu","english":"go quiet; shut up; keep (something) quiet","use":null,"ja":"黙る","kana":"だまる","politeJa":"黙ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nande zutto damatteru no?","ja":"なんでずっと黙ってるの?","english":"Why have you gone so quiet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"doushite zutto damatte iru n desu ka?","ja":"どうしてずっと黙っているんですか?","english":"Why have you been so quiet?"},"freqRank":408,"score":3,"notes":"Damatte! alone is a blunt 'shut up!'. Oya ni damatte = without telling your parents.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":256},{"id":"w-aisatsu-suru","romaji":"aisatsu suru","polite":"aisatsu shimasu","english":"greet; say hello; give a short speech","use":"Saying hello properly, or a formal few words at an event.","ja":"挨拶する","kana":"あいさつする","politeJa":"挨拶します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tonari no hito ni aisatsu shita?","ja":"隣の人に挨拶した?","english":"Did you say hello to the neighbours?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tonari no kata ni aisatsu shimashita ka?","ja":"隣の方に挨拶しましたか?","english":"Did you say hello to the neighbours?"},"freqRank":1453,"score":3,"notes":"Aisatsu ni iku = pay a courtesy visit (new neighbours, in-laws).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":257},{"id":"w-hanashikakeru","romaji":"hanashikakeru","polite":"hanashikakemasu","english":"talk to; start a conversation with","use":"Being the one who speaks first: X ni hanashikakeru.","ja":"話しかける","kana":"はなしかける","politeJa":"話しかけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"densha de shiranai hito ni hanashikakerareta.","ja":"電車で知らない人に話しかけられた。","english":"A stranger started talking to me on the train."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"densha de shiranai hito ni hanashikakeraremashita.","ja":"電車で知らない人に話しかけられました。","english":"A stranger started talking to me on the train."},"freqRank":2661,"score":3,"notes":"Ima hanashikakenaide = don't talk to me right now.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":258}],"stage":2,"range":"255-258","category":"Verbs: talking"},{"id":"v-talk-7","label":"Praise and telling off","rationale":"Lets you talk about being praised, warned, lectured, or someone showing off.","interference":"Chuui is a short warning; sekkyou is a long lecture.","items":[{"id":"w-homeru","romaji":"homeru","polite":"homemasu","english":"praise; compliment","use":null,"ja":"褒める","kana":"ほめる","politeJa":"褒めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou, buchou ni homerareta!","ja":"今日、部長に褒められた!","english":"My manager praised me today!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou, buchou ni homeraremashita.","ja":"今日、部長に褒められました。","english":"My manager praised me today."},"freqRank":1108,"score":3,"notes":"Often heard in the passive: homerareta = I got praised.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":259},{"id":"w-chuui-suru","romaji":"chuui suru","polite":"chuui shimasu","english":"warn; tell off; watch out","use":"Chuui sareta = I got told off; signs and announcements use chuui for 'caution'.","ja":"注意する","kana":"ちゅういする","politeJa":"注意します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mata sensei ni chuui sareta.","ja":"また先生に注意された。","english":"I got told off by the teacher again."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mata sensei ni chuui saremashita.","ja":"また先生に注意されました。","english":"I was told off by the teacher again."},"freqRank":1809,"score":4,"notes":"For 'be careful' in speech, ki o tsukete is more usual; chuui shite sounds like a warning.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":260},{"id":"w-sekkyou-suru","romaji":"sekkyou suru","polite":"sekkyou shimasu","english":"lecture; tell off at length","use":"A long telling-off, usually from a parent or boss; also a sermon.","ja":"説教する","kana":"せっきょうする","politeJa":"説教します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mata oya ni sekkyou sareta.","ja":"また親に説教された。","english":"My parents lectured me again."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mata oya ni sekkyou saremashita.","ja":"また親に説教されました。","english":"My parents lectured me again."},"freqRank":2973,"score":3,"notes":"Mostly heard in the passive: sekkyou sareta. Chuui is the short version.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":261},{"id":"w-jiman-suru","romaji":"jiman suru","polite":"jiman shimasu","english":"boast, show off; be proud of","use":null,"ja":"自慢する","kana":"じまんする","politeJa":"自慢します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mata kanojo no jiman shiteru.","ja":"また彼女の自慢してる。","english":"He's bragging about his girlfriend again."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mata kanojo no jiman o shite imasu.","ja":"また彼女の自慢をしています。","english":"He's bragging about his girlfriend again."},"freqRank":1639,"score":3,"notes":"Jiman no musuko = a son someone is proud of. Jiman ja nai kedo = not to brag, but.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":262}],"stage":2,"range":"259-262","category":"Verbs: talking"},{"id":"v-mind-3","label":"Believe, feel, imagine","rationale":"Lets you talk about trusting, sensing and picturing things.","interference":"Kanjiru (to sense) vs the noun kanji (a feeling, vibe) in sonna kanji.","items":[{"id":"w-shinjiru","romaji":"shinjiru","polite":"shinjimasu","english":"believe; trust","use":null,"ja":"信じる","kana":"しんじる","politeJa":"信じます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"watashi no koto, shinjite yo.","ja":"私のこと、信じてよ。","english":"Come on, trust me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"watashi no koto o shinjite kudasai.","ja":"私のことを信じてください。","english":"Please trust me."},"freqRank":266,"score":4,"notes":"Shinjirarenai! = 'I can't believe it!'","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":263},{"id":"w-kanjiru","romaji":"kanjiru","polite":"kanjimasu","english":"feel; sense","use":"Feeling a sensation, mood or presence: samusa o kanjiru.","ja":"感じる","kana":"かんじる","politeJa":"感じます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin, toshi o kanjiru na.","ja":"最近、年を感じるな。","english":"I'm feeling my age lately."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin, toshi o kanjimasu.","ja":"最近、年を感じます。","english":"I've been feeling my age lately."},"freqRank":366,"score":3,"notes":"The noun kanji = feeling, vibe: sonna kanji = something like that.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":264},{"id":"w-souzou-suru","romaji":"souzou suru","polite":"souzou shimasu","english":"imagine","use":null,"ja":"想像する","kana":"そうぞうする","politeJa":"想像します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna no, souzou mo shitenakatta.","ja":"そんなの、想像もしてなかった。","english":"I never even imagined that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sonna koto wa souzou mo shite imasen deshita.","ja":"そんなことは想像もしていませんでした。","english":"I never even imagined that."},"freqRank":940,"score":3,"notes":"Souzou dekinai = I can't imagine. Souzou ijou = beyond what I imagined.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":265}],"stage":2,"range":"263-265","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-mind-2","label":"Glad, surprised, calm","rationale":"Lets you describe reactions: calming down, being pleased, shocked or having fun.","interference":"Yorokobu describes someone's visible joy; for your own, say ureshii.","items":[{"id":"w-ochitsuku","romaji":"ochitsuku","polite":"ochitsukimasu","english":"calm down; settle down; feel at home","use":null,"ja":"落ち着く","kana":"おちつく","politeJa":"落ち着きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"daijoubu, ochitsuite yukkuri hanashite.","ja":"大丈夫、落ち着いてゆっくり話して。","english":"It's okay — calm down and talk slowly."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"daijoubu desu, ochitsuite yukkuri hanashite kudasai.","ja":"大丈夫です、落ち着いてゆっくり話してください。","english":"It's all right — please calm down and speak slowly."},"freqRank":428,"score":4,"notes":"Also 'cozy': kono heya, ochitsuku ne. Shigoto ga ochitsuitara = once work quiets down.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":266},{"id":"w-yorokobu","romaji":"yorokobu","polite":"yorokobimasu","english":"be glad, be delighted","use":"Usually describes someone else's visible joy; for your own, say ureshii.","ja":"喜ぶ","kana":"よろこぶ","politeJa":"喜びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore agetara, okaasan yorokobu yo.","ja":"これあげたら、お母さん喜ぶよ。","english":"Mum will be thrilled if you give her this."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore o agetara, okaasan ga yorokobimasu yo.","ja":"これをあげたら、お母さんが喜びますよ。","english":"Your mother will be delighted if you give her this."},"freqRank":519,"score":3,"notes":"Yorokonde = gladly: yorokonde tetsudau yo.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":267},{"id":"w-odoroku","romaji":"odoroku","polite":"odorokimasu","english":"be surprised; be shocked","use":null,"ja":"驚く","kana":"おどろく","politeJa":"驚きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyuu ni koe kakeru kara odoroita yo.","ja":"急に声かけるから驚いたよ。","english":"You surprised me, calling out like that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyuu ni koe o kakerareta node odorokimashita.","ja":"急に声をかけられたので驚きました。","english":"I was surprised when you suddenly called out."},"freqRank":619,"score":3,"notes":"In speech, bikkuri suru is more common; odoroku sounds a little more serious.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":268},{"id":"w-tanoshimu","romaji":"tanoshimu","polite":"tanoshimimasu","english":"enjoy; have fun","use":"Takes an object: ryokou o tanoshimu. 'I had fun' is tanoshikatta.","ja":"楽しむ","kana":"たのしむ","politeJa":"楽しみます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa minna de omoikkiri tanoshimou!","ja":"今日はみんなで思いっきり楽しもう!","english":"Let's all really enjoy ourselves today!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa minna de omoikkiri tanoshimimashou!","ja":"今日はみんなで思いっきり楽しみましょう!","english":"Let's all really enjoy ourselves today!"},"freqRank":713,"score":3,"notes":"Tanoshimi = something to look forward to: tanoshimi ni shiteru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":269}],"stage":2,"range":"266-269","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-mind-9","label":"Sticking with things","rationale":"Lets you talk about keeping at something, getting bored, being picky and learning from mistakes.","interference":"Akiru is boredom, not tiredness (tsukareru).","items":[{"id":"w-tsuzukeru","romaji":"tsuzukeru","polite":"tsuzukemasu","english":"keep doing, continue","use":"After a verb stem it means 'keep on': 'tabetsuzukeru' (keep eating).","ja":"続ける","kana":"つづける","politeJa":"続けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mainichi tsuzukeru no ga taihen da yo.","ja":"毎日続けるのが大変だよ。","english":"The hard part is keeping it up every day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mainichi tsuzukeru no ga taihen desu.","ja":"毎日続けるのが大変です。","english":"The hard part is keeping it up every day."},"freqRank":294,"score":4,"notes":"Tsuzuku is the version with no object: 'Ame ga tsuzuku' (The rain keeps going).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":270},{"id":"w-akiru","romaji":"akiru","polite":"akimasu","english":"get tired of, get bored of","use":"Usually in the past: 'Kono geemu, mou akita' (I'm bored of this game now). The thing takes ni.","ja":"飽きる","kana":"あきる","politeJa":"飽きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mainichi onaji gohan de, mou akita yo.","ja":"毎日同じご飯で、もう飽きたよ。","english":"It's the same food every day, I'm sick of it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mainichi onaji gohan de, mou akimashita.","ja":"毎日同じご飯で、もう飽きました。","english":"It's the same food every day, I'm tired of it."},"freqRank":2493,"score":4,"notes":"Not physically tired; that's tsukareru. Akippoi describes someone who gets bored quickly.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":271},{"id":"w-kodawaru","romaji":"kodawaru","polite":"kodawarimasu","english":"be particular about, insist on","use":"Usually pride in details; the thing takes ni.","ja":"こだわる","kana":"こだわる","politeJa":"こだわります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, koohii ni wa sugoku kodawaru n da yo.","ja":"彼、コーヒーにはすごくこだわるんだよ。","english":"He's really particular about his coffee."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa koohii ni sugoku kodawaru n desu yo.","ja":"彼はコーヒーにすごくこだわるんですよ。","english":"He's really particular about his coffee."},"freqRank":1825,"score":3,"notes":"The noun kodawari is a personal standard. It can also mean being hung up on something: 'Sonna koto ni kodawaranaide'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":272},{"id":"w-hansei-suru","romaji":"hansei suru","polite":"hansei shimasu","english":"reflect on one's mistakes, be sorry","use":"For owning a mistake and resolving not to repeat it.","ja":"反省する","kana":"はんせいする","politeJa":"反省します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou no koto, chanto hansei shiteru yo.","ja":"昨日のこと、ちゃんと反省してるよ。","english":"I really am sorry about yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou no koto wa, hontou ni hansei shite imasu.","ja":"昨日のことは、本当に反省しています。","english":"I truly regret what happened yesterday."},"freqRank":1881,"score":3,"notes":"Stronger than a quick sorry. A hanseikai is a meeting to review what went wrong.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":273}],"stage":2,"range":"270-273","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-social-1","label":"Helping out","rationale":"Lets you offer help, thank someone for it and cheer people on.","interference":"Tasukeru is what you do, tasukaru is how it feels to get it; ouen is cheering, sapooto is hands-on.","items":[{"id":"w-tasukeru","romaji":"tasukeru","polite":"tasukemasu","english":"help; save, rescue","use":"Shouted alone as 'Tasukete!' for 'Help!'.","ja":"助ける","kana":"たすける","politeJa":"助けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou wa tasukete kurete arigatou ne.","ja":"昨日は助けてくれてありがとうね。","english":"Thanks for helping me out yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou wa tasukete itadaite, arigatou gozaimashita.","ja":"昨日は助けていただいて、ありがとうございました。","english":"Thank you for helping me out yesterday."},"freqRank":357,"score":3,"notes":"For help with a chore or task, tetsudau is more natural.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":274},{"id":"w-tasukaru","romaji":"tasukaru","polite":"tasukarimasu","english":"be a big help; be saved","use":"Said as thanks: 'Tasukaru!' or 'Tasukatta!' means 'That really helps!'.","ja":"助かる","kana":"たすかる","politeJa":"助かります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hontou ni tasukatta yo, arigatou.","ja":"本当に助かったよ、ありがとう。","english":"That was a huge help, thanks."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hontou ni tasukarimashita, arigatou gozaimasu.","ja":"本当に助かりました、ありがとうございます。","english":"That was a huge help, thank you."},"freqRank":542,"score":4,"notes":"Pairs with tasukeru: tasukeru is what you do for someone, tasukaru is how it lands on you.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":275},{"id":"w-ouen-suru","romaji":"ouen suru","polite":"ouen shimasu","english":"support; cheer on","use":"For rooting for a team, a friend's plans or a favourite idol; 'Ouen shiteru yo' means 'I'm behind you'.","ja":"応援する","kana":"おうえんする","politeJa":"応援します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zutto ouen shiteru kara ne.","ja":"ずっと応援してるからね。","english":"I'll always be rooting for you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"zutto ouen shite imasu.","ja":"ずっと応援しています。","english":"I'll always be rooting for you."},"freqRank":877,"score":4,"notes":"Mostly moral support; for practical help use tasukeru or tetsudau.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":276},{"id":"w-kyouryoku-suru","romaji":"kyouryoku suru","polite":"kyouryoku shimasu","english":"cooperate, work together; help out","use":"For chipping in on a shared job; the noun kyouryoku (cooperation) is common too.","ja":"協力する","kana":"きょうりょくする","politeJa":"協力します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"minna de kyouryoku shite ganbarou yo.","ja":"みんなで協力して頑張ろうよ。","english":"Let's all pull together and do our best."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"minna de kyouryoku shite ganbarimashou.","ja":"みんなで協力して頑張りましょう。","english":"Let's all pull together and do our best."},"freqRank":918,"score":3,"notes":"'Gokyouryoku onegai shimasu' is the set request for cooperation in notices and announcements.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":277},{"id":"w-sapooto-suru","romaji":"sapooto suru","polite":"sapooto shimasu","english":"support, back up","use":"Hands-on backup at work or in a project; also customer support.","ja":"サポートする","kana":"サポートする","politeJa":"サポートします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanika attara sapooto suru kara ne.","ja":"何かあったらサポートするからね。","english":"If anything comes up, I'll back you up."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nanika attara sapooto shimasu ne.","ja":"何かあったらサポートしますね。","english":"If anything comes up, I'll back you up."},"freqRank":2980,"score":3,"notes":"Close to ouen, but sapooto is practical help and ouen is mostly cheering.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":278}],"stage":2,"range":"274-278","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-social-9","label":"Keeping people close or away","rationale":"Lets you talk about getting involved, being disliked or avoided, and wanting attention or to be left alone.","interference":"Kamawanaide and hottoite both mean 'leave me alone'; kirau is rare next to kirai da.","items":[{"id":"w-kakawaru","romaji":"kakawaru","polite":"kakawarimasu","english":"get involved with; have to do with","use":"Often a warning: 'Aitsu to wa kakawaranai hou ga ii' (Better not get mixed up with him).","ja":"関わる","kana":"かかわる","politeJa":"関わります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito to wa amari kakawaranai hou ga ii yo.","ja":"あの人とはあまり関わらない方がいいよ。","english":"Better not get too involved with that person."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano hito to wa amari kakawaranai hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"あの人とはあまり関わらない方がいいですよ。","english":"It's better not to get too involved with that person."},"freqRank":1000,"score":3,"notes":"Also 'be a matter of': 'inochi ni kakawaru' (life-threatening).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":279},{"id":"w-kirau","romaji":"kirau","polite":"kiraimasu","english":"dislike, hate","use":"Mostly heard as kirawareru (be disliked): 'Kirawareta kamo' (Maybe they hate me now).","ja":"嫌う","kana":"きらう","politeJa":"嫌います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare ni kirawareta kamo shirenai.","ja":"彼に嫌われたかもしれない。","english":"He might hate me now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare ni kirawareta kamo shiremasen.","ja":"彼に嫌われたかもしれません。","english":"He might dislike me now."},"freqRank":1125,"score":3,"notes":"To say you dislike something yourself, kirai da is far more common than kirau.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":280},{"id":"w-sakeru","romaji":"sakeru","polite":"sakemasu","english":"avoid; dodge","use":"For avoiding people, topics or crowds; sakerareru means 'be avoided'.","ja":"避ける","kana":"さける","politeJa":"避けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin, nanka sakerareteru ki ga suru.","ja":"最近、なんか避けられてる気がする。","english":"Lately I feel like I'm being avoided."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin, sakerarete iru ki ga shimasu.","ja":"最近、避けられている気がします。","english":"Lately I feel like I'm being avoided."},"freqRank":1443,"score":3,"notes":"Also physically dodging something, like a ball or a puddle.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":281},{"id":"w-kamau","romaji":"kamau","polite":"kamaimasu","english":"pay attention to, fuss over; mind","use":"'Kamatte' asks for attention; 'Kamawanaide' means 'Leave me alone'.","ja":"構う","kana":"かまう","politeJa":"構います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"neko ga kamatte hoshii mitai.","ja":"猫が構ってほしいみたい。","english":"The cat seems to want some attention."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"neko ga kamatte hoshii mitai desu.","ja":"猫が構ってほしいみたいです。","english":"The cat seems to want some attention."},"freqRank":2094,"score":3,"notes":"The 'mind' sense lives in the negative: kamawanai, kamaimasen (I don't mind).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":282},{"id":"w-houtte-oku","romaji":"houtte oku","polite":"houtte okimasu","english":"leave alone, let be","use":"Casually shortened to hottoku: 'Hottoite!' (Leave me alone!).","ja":"放っておく","kana":"ほうっておく","politeJa":"放っておきます","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou ii kara, hottoite.","ja":"もういいから、ほっといて。","english":"Just forget it and leave me alone."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou kekkou desu kara, houtte oite kudasai.","ja":"もう結構ですから、放っておいてください。","english":"That's enough, please just leave me alone."},"freqRank":2373,"score":3,"notes":"Also leaving a problem untouched: 'Houtte oku to waruku naru' (It'll get worse if you leave it).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":283}],"stage":2,"range":"279-283","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-social-2","label":"Leaving it to someone","rationale":"Lets you hand a job or choice to someone, or lean on them.","interference":"Makaseru hands over a task, tayoru leans on a person; suki ni shite can sound cold.","items":[{"id":"w-makaseru","romaji":"makaseru","polite":"makasemasu","english":"leave (something) to someone; entrust","use":"'Makasete!' means 'Leave it to me!'; 'Makaseru yo' hands a decision to the other person.","ja":"任せる","kana":"まかせる","politeJa":"任せます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ryouri wa watashi ni makasete.","ja":"料理は私に任せて。","english":"Leave the cooking to me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ryouri wa watashi ni makasete kudasai.","ja":"料理は私に任せてください。","english":"Please leave the cooking to me."},"freqRank":507,"score":4,"notes":"The person who takes the job gets ni: 'Kimi ni makaseru' means 'I'll leave it to you'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":284},{"id":"w-omakase","romaji":"omakase","polite":null,"english":"leaving it to someone; chef's choice","use":"Used as 'omakase suru' or 'omakase de' to hand over a choice; in restaurants, the chef's-choice menu.","ja":"お任せ","kana":"おまかせ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"iro wa omakase suru yo.","ja":"色はお任せするよ。","english":"I'll leave the colour up to you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"iro wa omakase shimasu.","ja":"色はお任せします。","english":"I'll leave the colour up to you."},"freqRank":2114,"score":3,"notes":"The polite face of makaseru; you use it about yourself handing over a choice.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":285},{"id":"w-tayoru","romaji":"tayoru","polite":"tayorimasu","english":"rely on, depend on, count on","use":"Often as 'Itsu demo tayotte ne' (you can always count on me).","ja":"頼る","kana":"たよる","politeJa":"頼ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"komattara itsu demo tayotte ne.","ja":"困ったらいつでも頼ってね。","english":"If you're ever stuck, you can always count on me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"komattara itsu demo tayotte kudasai ne.","ja":"困ったらいつでも頼ってくださいね。","english":"If you're ever stuck, you can always count on me."},"freqRank":1046,"score":3,"notes":"Don't mix up with tanomu (ask a favour); tayoru is leaning on someone.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":286},{"id":"w-suki-ni-suru","romaji":"suki ni suru","polite":"suki ni shimasu","english":"do as you like","use":"'Suki ni shite' can be a friendly 'go ahead' or an annoyed 'whatever, do what you want', depending on tone.","ja":"好きにする","kana":"すきにする","politeJa":"好きにします","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ato wa suki ni shite ii yo.","ja":"あとは好きにしていいよ。","english":"After that, do whatever you like."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ato wa suki ni shite ii desu yo.","ja":"あとは好きにしていいですよ。","english":"After that, feel free to do whatever you like."},"freqRank":2447,"score":3,"notes":"Said flatly in an argument, it sounds cold.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":287}],"stage":2,"range":"284-287","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-social-10","label":"Trust and respect","rationale":"Lets you say who you trust, respect and admire.","interference":"Shin'you trusts a word or record, shinrai a person; sonkei is respect, akogareru is admiring from afar.","items":[{"id":"w-shinyou-suru","romaji":"shin'you suru","polite":"shin'you shimasu","english":"trust, believe; credit","use":"Mostly shin'you dekiru / dekinai (can / can't trust) and 'Shin'you shite' (Trust me).","ja":"信用する","kana":"しんようする","politeJa":"信用します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito no koto, mada shin'you dekinai.","ja":"あの人のこと、まだ信用できない。","english":"I still can't trust that person."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano hito no koto wa, mada shin'you dekimasen.","ja":"あの人のことは、まだ信用できません。","english":"I still can't trust that person."},"freqRank":1395,"score":3,"notes":"Shin'you is trusting someone's word or track record; shinrai is deeper trust in the person.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":288},{"id":"w-shinrai-suru","romaji":"shinrai suru","polite":"shinrai shimasu","english":"trust, rely on","use":"Deep trust in someone's character or ability, usually in -te iru.","ja":"信頼する","kana":"しんらいする","politeJa":"信頼します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare no koto wa shinrai shiteru kara daijoubu.","ja":"彼のことは信頼してるから大丈夫。","english":"I trust him, so it's fine."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare no koto wa shinrai shite imasu kara, daijoubu desu.","ja":"彼のことは信頼していますから、大丈夫です。","english":"I trust him, so it's fine."},"freqRank":1507,"score":3,"notes":"The noun is common too: 'shinrai o ushinau' (lose someone's trust).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":289},{"id":"w-sonkei-suru","romaji":"sonkei suru","polite":"sonkei shimasu","english":"respect, look up to","use":"Usually in -te iru: 'sonkei shite iru'.","ja":"尊敬する","kana":"そんけいする","politeJa":"尊敬します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chichi no koto, hontou ni sonkei shiteru.","ja":"父のこと、本当に尊敬してる。","english":"I really look up to my dad."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chichi no koto wa hontou ni sonkei shite imasu.","ja":"父のことは本当に尊敬しています。","english":"I truly look up to my father."},"freqRank":1840,"score":3,"notes":"Sonkei is respect for someone you know; akogareru is admiring from a distance.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":290},{"id":"w-akogareru","romaji":"akogareru","polite":"akogaremasu","english":"look up to, admire; long for","use":"The person or thing takes ni; often a dream of being like someone or living somewhere.","ja":"憧れる","kana":"あこがれる","politeJa":"憧れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, pairotto ni akogareteta.","ja":"子供の頃、パイロットに憧れてた。","english":"As a kid, I dreamed of being a pilot."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, pairotto ni akogarete imashita.","ja":"子供の頃、パイロットに憧れていました。","english":"As a child, I dreamed of being a pilot."},"freqRank":2118,"score":3,"notes":"The noun akogare is someone or something you dream of; it can be crush-like admiration.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":291}],"stage":2,"range":"288-291","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-social-7","label":"Parties and groups","rationale":"Covers joining in, getting loud, standing out and wrapping up a gathering.","interference":"Kaisan ends a group or event, never a couple; that's wakareru.","items":[{"id":"w-sanka-suru","romaji":"sanka suru","polite":"sanka shimasu","english":"take part, join","use":"The event takes ni: 'Nomikai ni sanka suru?' (Coming to the drinks?).","ja":"参加する","kana":"さんかする","politeJa":"参加します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raishuu no paatii, sanka suru?","ja":"来週のパーティー、参加する？","english":"Are you coming to next week's party?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raishuu no paatii ni sanka shimasu ka?","ja":"来週のパーティーに参加しますか？","english":"Will you be joining next week's party?"},"freqRank":1164,"score":3,"notes":"A bit formal; between friends, iku (go) often does the job.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":292},{"id":"w-sawagu","romaji":"sawagu","polite":"sawagimasu","english":"make noise; make a fuss","use":"For loud partying or a big fuss: 'Sawaganaide' (Keep it down / Don't make a fuss).","ja":"騒ぐ","kana":"さわぐ","politeJa":"騒ぎます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinjo meiwaku da kara, sonna ni sawaganaide.","ja":"近所迷惑だから、そんなに騒がないで。","english":"Don't make so much noise, you'll bother the neighbours."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinjo meiwaku desu kara, sawaganaide kudasai.","ja":"近所迷惑ですから、騒がないでください。","english":"Please keep the noise down for the neighbours."},"freqRank":1553,"score":3,"notes":"The noun sawagi means a commotion or uproar.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":293},{"id":"w-medatsu","romaji":"medatsu","polite":"medachimasu","english":"stand out, be noticeable","use":"For looks or behaviour that catches the eye.","ja":"目立つ","kana":"めだつ","politeJa":"目立ちます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono akai fuku, sugoku medatsu ne.","ja":"その赤い服、すごく目立つね。","english":"That red outfit really stands out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono akai fuku, sugoku medachimasu ne.","ja":"その赤い服、すごく目立ちますね。","english":"That red outfit really stands out."},"freqRank":1933,"score":3,"notes":"Medachitagari is a show-off who wants attention.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":294},{"id":"w-kaisan-suru","romaji":"kaisan suru","polite":"kaisan shimasu","english":"break up (a group); call it a day","use":"Said at the end of a gathering, often alone: 'Jaa, kaisan!' (OK, everyone can head home). Also a band splitting up.","ja":"解散する","kana":"かいさんする","politeJa":"解散します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, kyou wa kore de kaisan shiyou.","ja":"じゃあ、今日はこれで解散しよう。","english":"OK, let's call it a day here."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dewa, kyou wa kore de kaisan shimashou.","ja":"では、今日はこれで解散しましょう。","english":"Well, let's call it a day here."},"freqRank":2880,"score":3,"notes":"For a couple breaking up, use wakareru, not kaisan.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":295}],"stage":2,"range":"292-295","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-change-3","label":"Choose and decide","rationale":"Lets you pick, settle plans and change them.","interference":"Kimaru (it's decided) vs kimeru (I decide); henkou (change you make) vs henka (change that happens).","items":[{"id":"w-erabu","romaji":"erabu","polite":"erabimasu","english":"choose; pick","use":null,"ja":"選ぶ","kana":"えらぶ","politeJa":"選びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dotchi ka erande.","ja":"どっちか選んで。","english":"Pick one."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dochira ka erande kudasai.","ja":"どちらか選んでください。","english":"Please choose one."},"freqRank":378,"score":4,"notes":"When ordering, 'X ni suru' is more natural: kore ni suru (I'll have this).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":296},{"id":"w-kimaru","romaji":"kimaru","polite":"kimarimasu","english":"be decided; be set","use":"For plans, dates and orders once they're settled; who decided stays unsaid.","ja":"決まる","kana":"きまる","politeJa":"決まります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nani taberu ka kimatta?","ja":"何食べるか決まった？","english":"Have you decided what to eat?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nani o taberu ka kimarimashita ka?","ja":"何を食べるか決まりましたか？","english":"Have you decided what you'll have?"},"freqRank":335,"score":4,"notes":"Kimeru is the 'I decide it' partner. Waiters ask 'gochuumon wa okimari desu ka?' (ready to order?).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":297},{"id":"w-kettei","romaji":"kettei","polite":null,"english":"decision; settled, final","use":"Sounds official; casually it's mostly the cry 'kettei!' (that's settled) or 'X ni kettei' (we'll go with X).","ja":"決定","kana":"けってい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, raamen ni kettei!","ja":"じゃあ、ラーメンに決定！","english":"Right, ramen it is!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jaa, raamen ni kettei desu ne.","ja":"じゃあ、ラーメンに決定ですね。","english":"Right, so ramen it is."},"freqRank":1831,"score":3,"notes":"Kettei suru is formal; in conversation say kimeru (decide) or kimaru (be decided).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":298},{"id":"w-henkou-suru","romaji":"henkou suru","polite":"henkou shimasu","english":"change (plans, bookings, settings)","use":"Changing something already set; a little formal, common with staff and at work.","ja":"変更する","kana":"へんこうする","politeJa":"変更します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yoyaku no jikan, henkou dekiru?","ja":"予約の時間、変更できる？","english":"Can I change the booking time?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yoyaku no jikan o henkou dekimasu ka?","ja":"予約の時間を変更できますか？","english":"Could I change the time of my booking?"},"freqRank":2131,"score":3,"notes":"Casually, kaeru also works: yotei o kaeru. Henka is change that happens; henkou is change you make.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":299}],"stage":2,"range":"296-299","category":"Verbs: change, start and end"},{"id":"v-change-6","label":"Grow, change, go back","rationale":"Lets you say things grew, changed or went back to normal.","interference":"Nobiru (it grows) vs nobasu (grow it); henka is change that happens, henkou change you make.","items":[{"id":"w-moto-ni-modoru","romaji":"moto ni modoru","polite":"moto ni modorimasu","english":"go back to normal; go back to how it was","use":"Things, people or relationships returning to how they were before.","ja":"元に戻る","kana":"もとにもどる","politeJa":"元に戻ります","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"daijoubu, sugu moto ni modoru yo.","ja":"大丈夫、すぐ元に戻るよ。","english":"Don't worry, it'll be back to normal soon."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"daijoubu desu, sugu moto ni modorimasu yo.","ja":"大丈夫です、すぐ元に戻りますよ。","english":"Don't worry, it'll be back to normal soon."},"freqRank":4695,"score":4,"notes":"Moto ni modosu is 'put it back how it was' (you do it).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":300},{"id":"w-nobiru","romaji":"nobiru","polite":"nobimasu","english":"grow (hair, nails); stretch; improve; go soggy (noodles)","use":"Things getting longer by themselves; also skills or sales growing.","ja":"伸びる","kana":"のびる","politeJa":"伸びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kami, nobita ne.","ja":"髪、伸びたね。","english":"Your hair's grown."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kami ga nobimashita ne.","ja":"髪が伸びましたね。","english":"Your hair has grown."},"freqRank":2289,"score":3,"notes":"Nobasu is 'grow it, stretch it' (you do it). Raamen ga nobiru = the ramen goes soggy.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":301},{"id":"w-nobasu","romaji":"nobasu","polite":"nobashimasu","english":"grow (hair); stretch; extend; put off","use":"You make something longer: grow your hair, stretch out, extend a stay or a deadline.","ja":"伸ばす","kana":"のばす","politeJa":"伸ばします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kami, nobasou ka na.","ja":"髪、伸ばそうかな。","english":"Maybe I'll grow my hair out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kami o nobasou ka to omotte imasu.","ja":"髪を伸ばそうかと思っています。","english":"I'm thinking of growing my hair out."},"freqRank":2885,"score":3,"notes":"Nobiru is 'grow, stretch' by itself. In the 'put off' sense it's written 延ばす.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":302},{"id":"w-henka","romaji":"henka","polite":null,"english":"change; variation","use":"Change that happens, not change you make; often with aru / nai.","ja":"変化","kana":"へんか","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin, nanika henka atta?","ja":"最近、何か変化あった？","english":"Anything changed for you lately?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin, nanika henka wa arimashita ka?","ja":"最近、何か変化はありましたか？","english":"Has anything changed for you lately?"},"freqRank":2372,"score":3,"notes":"Henka suru is a bit formal; casual talk uses kawaru. Henkou is a change you make to a plan.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":303}],"stage":2,"range":"300-303","category":"Verbs: change, start and end"},{"id":"v-effort-3","label":"How it turned out","rationale":"Lets you say whether something worked, failed, got finished or passed.","interference":"seikou suru sounds big; for everyday things, umaku iku is the natural 'it worked'.","items":[{"id":"w-umaku-iku","romaji":"umaku iku","polite":"umaku ikimasu","english":"go well; work out","use":"Plans, work or relationships working out; umaku ikanai means it isn't working.","ja":"うまくいく","kana":"うまくいく","politeJa":"うまくいきます","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"daijoubu, kitto umaku iku yo.","ja":"大丈夫、きっとうまくいくよ。","english":"Don't worry, it'll work out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"daijoubu desu, kitto umaku ikimasu yo.","ja":"大丈夫です、きっとうまくいきますよ。","english":"Don't worry, I'm sure it'll work out."},"freqRank":761,"score":4,"notes":"Past is umaku itta (it went well).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":304},{"id":"w-shippai-suru","romaji":"shippai suru","polite":"shippai shimasu","english":"fail; mess up","use":"Any failure, from a big project to burning dinner.","ja":"失敗する","kana":"しっぱいする","politeJa":"失敗します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou no ryouri, shippai shichatta.","ja":"今日の料理、失敗しちゃった。","english":"I messed up dinner today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou no ryouri wa shippai shite shimaimashita.","ja":"今日の料理は失敗してしまいました。","english":"I'm afraid I messed up dinner today."},"freqRank":809,"score":4,"notes":"X ni shippai suru: fail at X. Also a noun: shippai da (it's a flop). Opposite: seikou.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":305},{"id":"w-seikou-suru","romaji":"seikou suru","polite":"seikou shimasu","english":"succeed; work","use":"Sounds big for small things; for an everyday 'it worked', umaku iku is more natural.","ja":"成功する","kana":"せいこうする","politeJa":"成功します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sapuraizu, seikou shita ne!","ja":"サプライズ、成功したね！","english":"The surprise worked!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sapuraizu wa seikou shimashita ne!","ja":"サプライズは成功しましたね！","english":"The surprise worked!"},"freqRank":992,"score":3,"notes":"Also a noun: daiseikou (a huge success). Opposite: shippai.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":306},{"id":"w-kansei-suru","romaji":"kansei suru","polite":"kansei shimasu","english":"be finished; be completed","use":"Something being made is finished: a building, a dish, a project.","ja":"完成する","kana":"かんせいする","politeJa":"完成します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mokei, yatto kansei shita yo!","ja":"模型、やっと完成したよ！","english":"My model's finally finished!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mokei ga yatto kansei shimashita!","ja":"模型がやっと完成しました！","english":"My model is finally finished!"},"freqRank":1646,"score":3,"notes":"The thing is the subject: ie ga kansei shita (the house is finished).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":307},{"id":"w-goukaku-suru","romaji":"goukaku suru","polite":"goukaku shimasu","english":"pass (an exam or test)","use":"Passing an exam, interview or entrance test: shiken ni goukaku suru.","ja":"合格する","kana":"ごうかくする","politeJa":"合格します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shiken, goukaku shita yo!","ja":"試験、合格したよ！","english":"I passed the exam!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shiken ni goukaku shimashita!","ja":"試験に合格しました！","english":"I passed the exam!"},"freqRank":2357,"score":3,"notes":"Failing is ochiru: shiken ni ochita. goukaku omedetou! means 'congrats on passing'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":308}],"stage":2,"range":"304-308","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"v-effort-7","label":"Trying and aiming high","rationale":"Lets you talk about goals, effort, trying things out and going head to head.","interference":"tamesu tests something and chousen suru takes on something hard; everyday 'try doing' is -te miru.","items":[{"id":"w-mezasu","romaji":"mezasu","polite":"mezashimasu","english":"aim for; head for","use":"Aiming at a goal or a place: X o mezasu (aim to become or reach X).","ja":"目指す","kana":"めざす","politeJa":"目指します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"isha o mezashiteru n da.","ja":"医者を目指してるんだ。","english":"I'm working towards becoming a doctor."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"isha o mezashite imasu.","ja":"医者を目指しています。","english":"I'm working towards becoming a doctor."},"freqRank":1035,"score":3,"notes":"Also for direction: choujou o mezasu (head for the summit).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":309},{"id":"w-shoubu","romaji":"shoubu","polite":null,"english":"match; contest; showdown","use":"A contest to decide who wins: a game, a bet, a moment of truth.","ja":"勝負","kana":"しょうぶ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, janken de shoubu shiyou.","ja":"じゃあ、じゃんけんで勝負しよう。","english":"OK, let's settle it with rock-paper-scissors."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dewa, janken de shoubu shimashou.","ja":"では、じゃんけんで勝負しましょう。","english":"Well then, let's settle it with rock-paper-scissors."},"freqRank":1203,"score":3,"notes":"shoubu suru: go head to head. koko ga shoubu: this is the moment that counts.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":310},{"id":"w-doryoku-suru","romaji":"doryoku suru","polite":"doryoku shimasu","english":"make an effort; work hard","use":"Steady effort over time toward a goal.","ja":"努力する","kana":"どりょくする","politeJa":"努力します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare wa sugoku doryoku shita n da yo.","ja":"彼はすごく努力したんだよ。","english":"He worked really hard for it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa sugoku doryoku shita n desu yo.","ja":"彼はすごく努力したんですよ。","english":"He worked really hard for it."},"freqRank":1256,"score":3,"notes":"Also a noun: doryoku ga mukuwareta (the effort paid off). For a quick push, say ganbaru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":311},{"id":"w-tamesu","romaji":"tamesu","polite":"tameshimasu","english":"try out; test","use":"Testing something to see if it works or suits you.","ja":"試す","kana":"ためす","politeJa":"試します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atarashii apuri, tameshite mita?","ja":"新しいアプリ、試してみた？","english":"Have you tried the new app?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atarashii apuri wa tameshite mimashita ka?","ja":"新しいアプリは試してみましたか？","english":"Have you tried the new app?"},"freqRank":1440,"score":3,"notes":"For 'try doing', -te miru is more common: tabete miru (try eating it).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":312},{"id":"w-chousen-suru","romaji":"chousen suru","polite":"chousen shimasu","english":"take on (a challenge); have a go at","use":"Taking on something hard or new: X ni chousen suru.","ja":"挑戦する","kana":"ちょうせんする","politeJa":"挑戦します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kotoshi wa marason ni chousen suru n da.","ja":"今年はマラソンに挑戦するんだ。","english":"This year I'm taking on a marathon."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kotoshi wa marason ni chousen shimasu.","ja":"今年はマラソンに挑戦します。","english":"This year I'm taking on a marathon."},"freqRank":2560,"score":3,"notes":"English 'challenge' meaning a problem is kadai; chousen is the attempt itself.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":313}],"stage":2,"range":"309-313","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"v-effort-6","label":"Luck and doing well","rationale":"Lets you say something's good, you're lucky, it's selling, you guessed right, or someone's thriving.","interference":"ateru (guess right) vs ataru (it hits, you win), and ureru (it sells) vs uru (sell it).","items":[{"id":"w-ikeru","romaji":"ikeru","polite":"ikemasu","english":"be doable; be pretty good","use":"Casual 'it's fine' or 'it's good': mada ikeru (I can keep going), kore ikeru (this is tasty).","ja":"いける","kana":"いける","politeJa":"いけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, kekkou ikeru ne!","ja":"これ、結構いけるね！","english":"This is pretty good!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore, kekkou ikemasu ne!","ja":"これ、結構いけますね！","english":"This is pretty good!"},"freqRank":1630,"score":4,"notes":"Also just 'can go': ashita ikeru? (can you make it tomorrow?). Don't confuse with ikenai (mustn't).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":314},{"id":"w-tsuiteru","romaji":"tsuiteru","polite":"tsuite imasu","english":"be lucky","use":"Mostly as an exclamation, tsuiteru! (lucky!), or in the negative, tsuitenai (no luck).","ja":"ついてる","kana":"ついてる","politeJa":"ついています","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa honto ni tsuitenai na.","ja":"今日はほんとについてないな。","english":"I've had no luck at all today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa hontou ni tsuite imasen ne.","ja":"今日は本当についていませんね。","english":"I've had no luck at all today."},"freqRank":1402,"score":3,"notes":"Same verb as tsuku (stick to), so it can also mean 'it's attached' or 'it's switched on'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":315},{"id":"w-ureru","romaji":"ureru","polite":"uremasu","english":"sell (well); be popular","use":"The goods are the subject: yoku ureru (sells well); also an entertainer making it big.","ja":"売れる","kana":"うれる","politeJa":"売れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono hon, sugoku ureteru rashii yo.","ja":"この本、すごく売れてるらしいよ。","english":"Apparently this book is selling really well."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono hon wa sugoku urete iru sou desu.","ja":"この本はすごく売れているそうです。","english":"Apparently this book is selling really well."},"freqRank":1483,"score":3,"notes":"uru is 'sell' (you sell it); ureru is 'it sells'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":316},{"id":"w-ateru","romaji":"ateru","polite":"atemasu","english":"guess right; hit","use":"Guessing an answer, winning a prize, or hitting a target.","ja":"当てる","kana":"あてる","politeJa":"当てます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nani ga haitteru ka, atete mite.","ja":"何が入ってるか、当ててみて。","english":"Guess what's inside."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nani ga haitte iru ka, atete mite kudasai.","ja":"何が入っているか、当ててみてください。","english":"Have a guess what's inside."},"freqRank":2034,"score":3,"notes":"ataru is 'it hits' or 'you win': kuji ga atatta (I won the draw). Also 'put against': te o ateru (put a hand on it).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":317},{"id":"w-katsuyaku-suru","romaji":"katsuyaku suru","polite":"katsuyaku shimasu","english":"do well; play an active part","use":"Someone shining in their role: at work, on a team, in their field.","ja":"活躍する","kana":"かつやくする","politeJa":"活躍します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, ima amerika de katsuyaku shiteru n da tte.","ja":"彼、今アメリカで活躍してるんだって。","english":"I hear he's doing really well in America now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa ima amerika de katsuyaku shite iru sou desu.","ja":"彼は今アメリカで活躍しているそうです。","english":"I hear he's doing really well in America now."},"freqRank":2268,"score":3,"notes":"Said of people, not plans; for a plan working out, use umaku iku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":318}],"stage":2,"range":"314-318","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"v-effort-5","label":"Work and school habits","rationale":"Lets you say where you work, and that you're running late or skipping.","interference":"chikoku suru is late for a start time; okureru is late in general.","items":[{"id":"w-chikoku-suru","romaji":"chikoku suru","polite":"chikoku shimasu","english":"be late (for school, work, a meeting)","use":"Late for a fixed start time.","ja":"遅刻する","kana":"ちこくする","politeJa":"遅刻します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, chotto chikoku suru.","ja":"ごめん、ちょっと遅刻する。","english":"Sorry, I'll be a bit late."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, sukoshi chikoku shimasu.","ja":"すみません、少し遅刻します。","english":"I'm sorry, I'll be a little late."},"freqRank":2135,"score":4,"notes":"okureru is the general 'be late': densha ga okureta (the train was late).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":319},{"id":"w-saboru","romaji":"saboru","polite":"saborimasu","english":"skip (class, work); slack off","use":"Skipping something you should do, or slacking off while you're there.","ja":"サボる","kana":"サボる","politeJa":"サボります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, shigoto sabotchatta n da.","ja":"昨日、仕事サボっちゃったんだ。","english":"I skipped work yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou wa shigoto o saborimashita.","ja":"昨日は仕事をサボりました。","english":"I skipped work yesterday."},"freqRank":3137,"score":4,"notes":"From 'sabotage'. Past is sabotta.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":320},{"id":"w-tsutomeru","romaji":"tsutomeru","polite":"tsutomemasu","english":"work for (a company)","use":"Saying where you're employed: X ni tsutomete iru.","ja":"勤める","kana":"つとめる","politeJa":"勤めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ani wa ginkou ni tsutometeru.","ja":"兄は銀行に勤めてる。","english":"My brother works at a bank."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ani wa ginkou ni tsutomete imasu.","ja":"兄は銀行に勤めています。","english":"My brother works at a bank."},"freqRank":2170,"score":3,"notes":"hataraku is 'work' in general; tsutomeru is being on a company's staff.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":true,"n":321}],"stage":2,"range":"319-321","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"v-trouble-3","label":"Danger and escape","rationale":"Lets you talk about running away, getting dragged into trouble and bad experiences.","interference":"me ni au uses 遭う (run into trouble), not 会う (meet someone).","items":[{"id":"w-nigeru","romaji":"nigeru","polite":"nigemasu","english":"run away; escape","use":"Getting away from danger or a place, or ducking a hard situation.","ja":"逃げる","kana":"にげる","politeJa":"逃げます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko wa abunai, hayaku nigete!","ja":"ここは危ない、早く逃げて！","english":"It's dangerous here, get out quick!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa abunai desu, hayaku nigete kudasai!","ja":"ここは危ないです、早く逃げてください！","english":"It's dangerous here, please get out quickly!"},"freqRank":296,"score":3,"notes":"nigeru na! (don't run away!) is a stock drama line. Also 'avoid facing': genjitsu kara nigeru (run from reality).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":322},{"id":"w-korosu","romaji":"korosu","polite":"koroshimasu","english":"kill","use":"Mostly heard in crime dramas, and as an angry threat: korosu zo!","ja":"殺す","kana":"ころす","politeJa":"殺します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare wa mushi mo korosenai yo.","ja":"彼は虫も殺せないよ。","english":"He wouldn't hurt a fly."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa mushi mo korosenai hito desu yo.","ja":"彼は虫も殺せない人ですよ。","english":"He's someone who wouldn't hurt a fly."},"freqRank":525,"score":3,"notes":"Passive korosareru: be killed. Also 'hold back': koe o korosu (keep your voice down).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":323},{"id":"w-makikomu","romaji":"makikomu","polite":"makikomimasu","english":"drag into; get someone involved","use":"Often passive: X ni makikomareru (get caught up in an accident, a fight, trouble).","ja":"巻き込む","kana":"まきこむ","politeJa":"巻き込みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, hen na koto ni makikonjatta.","ja":"ごめん、変なことに巻き込んじゃった。","english":"Sorry for dragging you into this mess."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, hen na koto ni makikonde shimaimashita.","ja":"すみません、変なことに巻き込んでしまいました。","english":"I'm sorry for dragging you into this mess."},"freqRank":1062,"score":3,"notes":"jiko ni makikomareta: got caught up in an accident.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":324},{"id":"w-me-ni-au","romaji":"me ni au","polite":"me ni aimasu","english":"go through (something bad); have a bad time","use":"Always after a describing word: hidoi me ni au (have an awful time), abunai me ni au (have a close call).","ja":"目に遭う","kana":"めにあう","politeJa":"目に遭います","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou hidoi me ni atta yo.","ja":"昨日ひどい目に遭ったよ。","english":"I had an awful time yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou wa hidoi me ni aimashita.","ja":"昨日はひどい目に遭いました。","english":"I had an awful time yesterday."},"freqRank":2150,"score":3,"notes":"au here is 遭う (run into trouble), not 会う (meet someone).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":325}],"stage":2,"range":"322-325","category":"Verbs: trouble and conflict"},{"id":"v-trouble-1","label":"Fights and friction","rationale":"Lets you talk about fights, rows, bullying and not wanting to do something.","interference":"kenka suru is any fight or argument; momeru is a drawn-out dispute.","items":[{"id":"w-kenka-suru","romaji":"kenka suru","polite":"kenka shimasu","english":"fight; argue","use":"Covers both arguments and physical fights, between friends, couples or kids.","ja":"ケンカする","kana":"けんかする","politeJa":"ケンカします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou kare to kenka shita n da.","ja":"昨日彼とケンカしたんだ。","english":"I had a fight with my boyfriend yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou kare to kenka shita n desu.","ja":"昨日彼とケンカしたんです。","english":"I had a fight with my boyfriend yesterday."},"freqRank":1177,"score":4,"notes":"Usually X to kenka suru (fight with X). kenka o uru: pick a fight.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":326},{"id":"w-momeru","romaji":"momeru","polite":"momemasu","english":"argue; have a row; be in dispute","use":"A drawn-out dispute inside a group, often over money, plans or who decides.","ja":"もめる","kana":"もめる","politeJa":"もめます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okane no koto de oya to mometeru n da.","ja":"お金のことで親ともめてるんだ。","english":"I'm having a row with my parents about money."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okane no koto de oya to momete iru n desu.","ja":"お金のことで親ともめているんです。","english":"I'm in a dispute with my parents about money."},"freqRank":2374,"score":3,"notes":"Noun: momegoto (trouble, a dispute).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":327},{"id":"w-ijimeru","romaji":"ijimeru","polite":"ijimemasu","english":"bully; pick on","use":"Picking on someone weaker; between friends it can be playful teasing.","ja":"いじめる","kana":"いじめる","politeJa":"いじめます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"anmari ijimenaide yo.","ja":"あんまりいじめないでよ。","english":"Stop picking on me so much."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"amari ijimenaide kudasai yo.","ja":"あまりいじめないでくださいよ。","english":"Please don't pick on me so much."},"freqRank":2140,"score":3,"notes":"Noun: ijime (bullying), a big social issue in Japan.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":328},{"id":"w-teikou","romaji":"teikou","polite":null,"english":"reluctance; resistance","use":"Mostly teikou ga aru: you feel uneasy about doing something.","ja":"抵抗","kana":"ていこう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hitomae de hanasu no wa chotto teikou aru na.","ja":"人前で話すのはちょっと抵抗あるな。","english":"I'm not too keen on speaking in front of people."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hitomae de hanasu no wa chotto teikou ga arimasu.","ja":"人前で話すのはちょっと抵抗があります。","english":"I'm a little uneasy about speaking in front of people."},"freqRank":2861,"score":3,"notes":"teikou suru: resist, fight back.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":329}],"stage":2,"range":"326-329","category":"Verbs: trouble and conflict"},{"id":"v-life-2","label":"Born and growing up","rationale":"Lets you talk about having a baby, where you grew up and how someone has grown.","interference":"umu (give birth) vs umareru (be born), and sodatsu (grow up) vs sodateru (raise).","items":[{"id":"w-umu","romaji":"umu","polite":"umimasu","english":"give birth (to); have (a baby)","use":"The mother is the subject: kodomo o umu (have a child).","ja":"産む","kana":"うむ","politeJa":"産みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ane ga onna no ko o unda n da.","ja":"姉が女の子を産んだんだ。","english":"My sister had a baby girl."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ane ga onna no ko o umimashita.","ja":"姉が女の子を産みました。","english":"My sister had a baby girl."},"freqRank":1601,"score":3,"notes":"'Be born' is umareru: Tokyo de umareta (I was born in Tokyo).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":330},{"id":"w-sodatsu","romaji":"sodatsu","polite":"sodachimasu","english":"grow up; be raised","use":"Where or how someone grew up; also plants and animals growing.","ja":"育つ","kana":"そだつ","politeJa":"育ちます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono machi de sodatta n da.","ja":"この町で育ったんだ。","english":"I grew up in this town."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono machi de sodachimashita.","ja":"この町で育ちました。","english":"I grew up in this town."},"freqRank":1371,"score":3,"notes":"To raise a child is sodateru: kodomo o sodateru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":331},{"id":"w-seichou-suru","romaji":"seichou suru","polite":"seichou shimasu","english":"grow; mature","use":"Growing up or developing: a child, a person who has matured, a company.","ja":"成長する","kana":"せいちょうする","politeJa":"成長します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, sugoku seichou shita ne.","ja":"彼、すごく成長したね。","english":"He's really grown up."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa sugoku seichou shimashita ne.","ja":"彼はすごく成長しましたね。","english":"He's really grown up."},"freqRank":1449,"score":3,"notes":"More about growing as a person than sodatsu. Also a noun: seichou ga tanoshimi (can't wait to see you grow).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":332}],"stage":2,"range":"330-332","category":"Verbs: life and living"},{"id":"n-people-2","label":"Who someone is to you","rationale":"Lets you say how you know someone: teacher, senior, or just an acquaintance.","interference":"sensei also means a doctor, and senpai is anyone who started before you, not a mentor.","items":[{"id":"w-sensei","romaji":"sensei","polite":null,"english":"teacher; doctor","use":"Also a title for doctors, lawyers and writers, used alone or after a name: Tanaka-sensei.","ja":"先生","kana":"せんせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sensei ni kiite miyou.","ja":"先生に聞いてみよう。","english":"Let's ask the teacher."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sensei ni kiite mimashou.","ja":"先生に聞いてみましょう。","english":"Let's ask the teacher."},"freqRank":191,"score":4,"notes":"Never used about yourself.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":333},{"id":"w-senpai","romaji":"senpai","polite":null,"english":"senior (at school or work)","use":"Anyone who joined your school, club or company before you; used as a name, alone or after a surname.","ja":"先輩","kana":"せんぱい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"senpai ni gohan ogotte moratta.","ja":"先輩にご飯おごってもらった。","english":"My senpai bought me dinner."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"senpai ni gohan o ogotte moraimashita.","ja":"先輩にご飯をおごってもらいました。","english":"My senpai bought me dinner."},"freqRank":791,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: kouhai (junior). You usually speak to a senpai in desu/masu.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":334},{"id":"w-shiriai","romaji":"shiriai","polite":null,"english":"acquaintance; someone you know","use":"Someone you know but aren't close to.","ja":"知り合い","kana":"しりあい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito, shiriai na no?","ja":"あの人、知り合いなの？","english":"Do you know that person?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano hito, shiriai na n desu ka?","ja":"あの人、知り合いなんですか？","english":"Do you know that person?"},"freqRank":727,"score":4,"notes":"A friend is tomodachi. shiriai ni naru: get to know someone.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":335},{"id":"w-nakama","romaji":"nakama","polite":null,"english":"friends; teammates; companions","use":"People on the same side: a team, a crew, a close group of friends.","ja":"仲間","kana":"なかま","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"minna daiji na nakama da yo.","ja":"みんな大事な仲間だよ。","english":"They're all friends who matter to me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"minna daiji na nakama desu.","ja":"みんな大事な仲間です。","english":"They're all friends who matter to me."},"freqRank":694,"score":3,"notes":"Warmer and more group-minded than tomodachi.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":336},{"id":"w-zenin","romaji":"zen'in","polite":null,"english":"everyone; all members","use":"Every single member of a set group, like a class, team or family.","ja":"全員","kana":"ぜんいん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, zen'in sorotta kara hajimeyou.","ja":"じゃあ、全員そろったから始めよう。","english":"OK, everyone's here, so let's start."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dewa, zen'in soroimashita node hajimemashou.","ja":"では、全員そろいましたので始めましょう。","english":"Well, everyone's here, so let's begin."},"freqRank":741,"score":4,"notes":"minna is the casual 'everyone'; zen'in stresses that nobody is left out.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":337}],"stage":2,"range":"333-337","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-8","label":"Friends and rivals","rationale":"Lets you say who is close to you or on your side.","interference":"yuujin is the formal tomodachi; mikata also means 'way of seeing'.","items":[{"id":"w-mikata","romaji":"mikata","polite":null,"english":"ally; someone on your side","use":"Most often in X no mikata (on X's side).","ja":"味方","kana":"みかた","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"watashi wa zutto mikata da kara ne.","ja":"私はずっと味方だからね。","english":"I'll always be on your side."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"watashi wa zutto mikata desu kara.","ja":"私はずっと味方ですから。","english":"I'll always be on your side."},"freqRank":1178,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: teki (enemy). Mix-up: mikata also means 'way of seeing' (見方).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":338},{"id":"w-yuujin","romaji":"yuujin","polite":null,"english":"friend","use":"The formal word for friend, used in introductions and speeches; in chat say tomodachi.","ja":"友人","kana":"ゆうじん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kochira wa daigaku jidai no yuujin desu.","ja":"こちらは大学時代の友人です。","english":"This is a friend from my university days."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1531,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":339},{"id":"w-shinyuu","romaji":"shin'yuu","polite":null,"english":"best friend; close friend","use":"A really close friend; you can have more than one.","ja":"親友","kana":"しんゆう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo wa shougakkou kara no shin'yuu na n da.","ja":"彼女は小学校からの親友なんだ。","english":"She's been my best friend since elementary school."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo wa shougakkou kara no shin'yuu desu.","ja":"彼女は小学校からの親友です。","english":"She's been my best friend since elementary school."},"freqRank":2241,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":340},{"id":"w-raibaru","romaji":"raibaru","polite":null,"english":"rival","use":null,"ja":"ライバル","kana":"ライバル","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano futari, mukashi kara raibaru na n da.","ja":"あの二人、昔からライバルなんだ。","english":"Those two have been rivals forever."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano futari wa mukashi kara raibaru desu.","ja":"あの二人は昔からライバルです。","english":"Those two have been rivals for a long time."},"freqRank":2849,"score":3,"notes":"Also for love rivals: koi no raibaru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":341}],"stage":2,"range":"338-341","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-9","label":"Partners and cheating","rationale":"Lets you talk about dating, cheating and being single.","interference":"uwaki is cheating in general; furin involves a married person.","items":[{"id":"w-kareshi","romaji":"kareshi","polite":null,"english":"boyfriend","use":null,"ja":"彼氏","kana":"かれし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kareshi iru no?","ja":"彼氏いるの？","english":"Do you have a boyfriend?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kareshi wa imasu ka?","ja":"彼氏はいますか？","english":"Do you have a boyfriend?"},"freqRank":1230,"score":4,"notes":"Girlfriend is kanojo. Use iru, not aru: kareshi ga iru.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":342},{"id":"w-koibito","romaji":"koibito","polite":null,"english":"boyfriend or girlfriend; partner","use":"Gender-neutral and a bit more serious than kareshi or kanojo.","ja":"恋人","kana":"こいびと","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koibito to issho ni sunderu n da.","ja":"恋人と一緒に住んでるんだ。","english":"I live with my partner."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koibito to issho ni sunde imasu.","ja":"恋人と一緒に住んでいます。","english":"I live with my partner."},"freqRank":1277,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":343},{"id":"w-uwaki","romaji":"uwaki","polite":null,"english":"cheating (on a partner)","use":"Mostly as uwaki suru (to cheat) and uwaki sareta (got cheated on).","ja":"浮気","kana":"うわき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare ni uwaki sareta.","ja":"彼に浮気された。","english":"My boyfriend cheated on me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare ni uwaki saremashita.","ja":"彼に浮気されました。","english":"My boyfriend cheated on me."},"freqRank":1991,"score":3,"notes":"For an affair involving a married person, furin is more common.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":344},{"id":"w-furin","romaji":"furin","polite":null,"english":"affair (involving a married person)","use":"Used when at least one person is married; often furin suru.","ja":"不倫","kana":"ふりん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano futari, furin shiteru rashii yo.","ja":"あの二人、不倫してるらしいよ。","english":"Apparently those two are having an affair."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano futari wa furin shite iru rashii desu.","ja":"あの二人は不倫しているらしいです。","english":"I hear those two are having an affair."},"freqRank":2426,"score":3,"notes":"Mix-up: uwaki is cheating in general, including while dating.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":345},{"id":"w-dokushin","romaji":"dokushin","polite":null,"english":"single; unmarried","use":"About marriage, not dating: dokushin means not married.","ja":"独身","kana":"どくしん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ani wa mada dokushin da yo.","ja":"兄はまだ独身だよ。","english":"My older brother's still single."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ani wa mada dokushin desu.","ja":"兄はまだ独身です。","english":"My older brother is still single."},"freqRank":2663,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":346}],"stage":2,"range":"342-346","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-12","label":"Types of people","rationale":"Lets you call someone good-looking, gifted, rich or a beginner.","interference":"bijin is for women, ikemen for men.","items":[{"id":"w-bijin","romaji":"bijin","polite":null,"english":"beautiful woman","use":"Used for women; for men say ikemen.","ja":"美人","kana":"びじん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito, sugoi bijin da ne.","ja":"あの人、すごい美人だね。","english":"She's gorgeous."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano hito wa totemo bijin desu ne.","ja":"あの人はとても美人ですね。","english":"She's very beautiful."},"freqRank":1808,"score":3,"notes":"bijinsan is a softer, friendly form.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":347},{"id":"w-ikemen","romaji":"ikemen","polite":null,"english":"good-looking guy; handsome","use":"Casual; also works like an adjective: ikemen da ne.","ja":"イケメン","kana":"イケメン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, kekkou ikemen ja nai?","ja":"彼、結構イケメンじゃない？","english":"Isn't he pretty good-looking?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa kekkou ikemen desu ne.","ja":"彼は結構イケメンですね。","english":"He's quite good-looking."},"freqRank":1928,"score":4,"notes":"For women, say bijin or kawaii.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":348},{"id":"w-tensai","romaji":"tensai","polite":null,"english":"genius","use":"Used loosely as praise, even for small things.","ja":"天才","kana":"てんさい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"e, mou dekita no? tensai ja nai?","ja":"え、もうできたの？天才じゃない？","english":"Wait, done already? You're a genius!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou dekita n desu ka? tensai desu ne.","ja":"もうできたんですか？天才ですね。","english":"Done already? You're a genius."},"freqRank":2133,"score":4,"notes":"Mix-up: tensai also means natural disaster (天災).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":349},{"id":"w-shirouto","romaji":"shirouto","polite":null,"english":"amateur; non-expert","use":"Someone who isn't a professional or doesn't know the field.","ja":"素人","kana":"しろうと","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shirouto da kara, yoku wakannai yo.","ja":"素人だから、よくわかんないよ。","english":"I'm no expert, so I don't really get it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shirouto na node, yoku wakarimasen.","ja":"素人なので、よくわかりません。","english":"I'm not an expert, so I don't really understand."},"freqRank":2461,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: puro (pro).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":350},{"id":"w-okanemochi","romaji":"okanemochi","polite":null,"english":"rich person; rich","use":"Also works like an adjective: okanemochi da ne (you're rich).","ja":"お金持ち","kana":"おかねもち","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare no ie, sugoi okanemochi rashii yo.","ja":"彼の家、すごいお金持ちらしいよ。","english":"Apparently his family's super rich."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare no ie wa totemo okanemochi da sou desu.","ja":"彼の家はとてもお金持ちだそうです。","english":"I hear his family is very rich."},"freqRank":4264,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":351}],"stage":2,"range":"347-351","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-7","label":"School stages","rationale":"Lets you say what stage of school someone is in.","interference":"chuugakusei (middle) and koukousei (high) sound alike.","items":[{"id":"w-shougakusei","romaji":"shougakusei","polite":null,"english":"elementary school kid","use":"Ages about 6 to 12.","ja":"小学生","kana":"しょうがくせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"musuko, mada shougakusei na n da.","ja":"息子、まだ小学生なんだ。","english":"My son's still in elementary school."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"musuko wa mada shougakusei desu.","ja":"息子はまだ小学生です。","english":"My son is still in elementary school."},"freqRank":2085,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":352},{"id":"w-chuugakusei","romaji":"chuugakusei","polite":null,"english":"junior high school student","use":"Ages about 12 to 15.","ja":"中学生","kana":"ちゅうがくせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chuugakusei no toki, sakkaa yatteta.","ja":"中学生の時、サッカーやってた。","english":"I played soccer in junior high."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chuugakusei no toki, sakkaa o yatte imashita.","ja":"中学生の時、サッカーをやっていました。","english":"I played soccer in junior high."},"freqRank":3072,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":353},{"id":"w-koukousei","romaji":"koukousei","polite":null,"english":"high school student","use":"Ages about 15 to 18.","ja":"高校生","kana":"こうこうせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, koukousei no toki no shashin.","ja":"これ、高校生の時の写真。","english":"This is me in high school."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa koukousei no toki no shashin desu.","ja":"これは高校生の時の写真です。","english":"This is a photo from when I was in high school."},"freqRank":2190,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":354},{"id":"w-daigakusei","romaji":"daigakusei","polite":null,"english":"university student; college student","use":null,"ja":"大学生","kana":"だいがくせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"imouto wa ima daigakusei da yo.","ja":"妹は今大学生だよ。","english":"My little sister's in college now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"imouto wa ima daigakusei desu.","ja":"妹は今大学生です。","english":"My younger sister is at university now."},"freqRank":3690,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":355}],"stage":2,"range":"352-355","category":"People"},{"id":"n-life-3","label":"Life and living","rationale":"Lets you talk about your life, its chances, struggles and memories.","interference":"jinsei is life as a whole; seikatsu is daily living.","items":[{"id":"w-jinsei","romaji":"jinsei","polite":null,"english":"life (your whole life)","use":"Life as a whole story; daily routine is seikatsu.","ja":"人生","kana":"じんせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jinsei de ichiban tanoshikatta.","ja":"人生で一番楽しかった。","english":"That was the most fun I've had in my life."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jinsei de ichiban tanoshikatta desu.","ja":"人生で一番楽しかったです。","english":"It was the most fun I've ever had."},"freqRank":348,"score":3,"notes":"Not life as in being alive; that's inochi.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":356},{"id":"w-seikatsu","romaji":"seikatsu","polite":null,"english":"daily life; living","use":"Your everyday routine and how you get by.","ja":"生活","kana":"せいかつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kotchi no seikatsu, mou nareta?","ja":"こっちの生活、もう慣れた？","english":"Used to life here yet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kochira no seikatsu ni wa mou naremashita ka?","ja":"こちらの生活にはもう慣れましたか？","english":"Have you gotten used to life here?"},"freqRank":696,"score":4,"notes":"Also seikatsu suru: to live, get by.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":357},{"id":"w-chansu","romaji":"chansu","polite":null,"english":"chance; opportunity","use":"A good opportunity, not a probability.","ja":"チャンス","kana":"チャンス","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima ga chansu da yo!","ja":"今がチャンスだよ！","english":"Now's your chance!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima ga chansu desu yo.","ja":"今がチャンスですよ。","english":"Now is your chance."},"freqRank":867,"score":4,"notes":"For likelihood, say kanousei.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":358},{"id":"w-kurou","romaji":"kurou","polite":null,"english":"hardship; trouble; effort","use":"Mostly as kurou suru (to struggle, have a hard time).","ja":"苦労","kana":"くろう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"heya sagashi, kekkou kurou shita yo.","ja":"部屋探し、結構苦労したよ。","english":"Finding an apartment was a real struggle."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"heya sagashi ni wa kekkou kurou shimashita.","ja":"部屋探しには結構苦労しました。","english":"I had quite a hard time finding an apartment."},"freqRank":1066,"score":3,"notes":"gokurousama = thanks for your hard work, said to staff or juniors.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":359},{"id":"w-omoide","romaji":"omoide","polite":null,"english":"memory (of an experience)","use":"A memory you keep, not the ability to remember.","ja":"思い出","kana":"おもいで","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ii omoide ni natta ne.","ja":"いい思い出になったね。","english":"That turned into a great memory."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ii omoide ni narimashita.","ja":"いい思い出になりました。","english":"It became a wonderful memory."},"freqRank":1172,"score":3,"notes":"The verb is omoidasu (to recall).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":360}],"stage":2,"range":"356-360","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-life-8","label":"Moments and nowadays","rationale":"Lets you place things in time: for a second, right about now, earlier, these days.","interference":"Sakihodo (polite 'earlier') vs saki ni (first, ahead).","items":[{"id":"w-isshun","romaji":"isshun","polite":null,"english":"a moment; an instant; for a second","use":"Often alone as an adverb: isshun (for a second), isshun de (in a flash).","ja":"一瞬","kana":"いっしゅん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"isshun, dare ka wakaranakatta","ja":"一瞬、誰かわからなかった","english":"For a second, I didn't recognize you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"isshun, donata ka wakarimasen deshita","ja":"一瞬、どなたかわかりませんでした","english":"For a second, I didn't recognize you."},"freqRank":1421,"score":4,"notes":"Isshun de owatta = it was over in a flash. To ask someone to wait a moment, say chotto.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":361},{"id":"w-imagoro","romaji":"imagoro","polite":null,"english":"about now; by now; this late","use":"Guesses what's happening elsewhere right now, or complains that something comes too late.","ja":"今頃","kana":"いまごろ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, imagoro mou tsuiteru kana","ja":"彼、今頃もう着いてるかな","english":"I wonder if he's there by now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa imagoro mou tsuite iru deshou ka","ja":"彼は今頃もう着いているでしょうか","english":"I wonder if he's there by now."},"freqRank":1866,"score":4,"notes":"Imagoro nani itteru no? = Why bring that up now? Mainen imagoro = around this time every year.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":362},{"id":"w-sakihodo","romaji":"sakihodo","polite":null,"english":"a little while ago; earlier","use":"The polite form of sakki, heard from staff, on the phone and at work.","ja":"先ほど","kana":"さきほど","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sakihodo wa arigatou gozaimashita","ja":"先ほどはありがとうございました","english":"Thank you for earlier."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1337,"score":3,"notes":"In casual talk say sakki. Don't mix it up with saki ni (first, ahead).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":363},{"id":"w-imadoki","romaji":"imadoki","polite":null,"english":"nowadays; these days","use":"Usually carries a judgment: imadoki no wakamono (young people these days), imadoki ~ nante (who still does ~?).","ja":"今どき","kana":"いまどき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"imadoki, genkin shika tsukaenai mise nante aru?","ja":"今どき、現金しか使えない店なんてある?","english":"Are there still cash-only shops these days?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"imadoki, genkin shika tsukaenai mise nante arimasu ka?","ja":"今どき、現金しか使えない店なんてありますか?","english":"Are there still cash-only shops these days?"},"freqRank":2758,"score":3,"notes":"A neutral 'these days' is saikin.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":364}],"stage":2,"range":"361-364","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-life-11","label":"Dreams and reality","rationale":"Lets you set ideals and miracles against harsh reality.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-genjitsu","romaji":"genjitsu","polite":null,"english":"reality; real life","use":"Real life as opposed to dreams, plans or fiction.","ja":"現実","kana":"げんじつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"genjitsu wa sonna ni amakunai yo","ja":"現実はそんなに甘くないよ","english":"Real life isn't that easy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"genjitsu wa sonna ni amaku arimasen yo","ja":"現実はそんなに甘くありませんよ","english":"Real life isn't that easy."},"freqRank":1257,"score":3,"notes":"Genjitsu o miro = face reality. Genjitsuteki = realistic.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":365},{"id":"w-kamisama","romaji":"kamisama","polite":null,"english":"God; a god","use":"In quick prayers and exclamations, and as praise for someone who saved the day.","ja":"神様","kana":"かみさま","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kamisama, onegai! goukaku sasete!","ja":"神様、お願い!合格させて!","english":"Please, God, let me pass!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kamisama, douka goukaku dekimasu you ni","ja":"神様、どうか合格できますように","english":"Please, God, let me pass."},"freqRank":1878,"score":3,"notes":"Slang: kami alone means 'amazing' (kami da! = that's awesome).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":366},{"id":"w-risou","romaji":"risou","polite":null,"english":"ideal; the perfect (version)","use":"Your ideal of something: risou no taipu (ideal type), risou ga takai (have high standards).","ja":"理想","kana":"りそう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"risou no kareshi tte donna hito?","ja":"理想の彼氏ってどんな人?","english":"What's your ideal boyfriend like?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"risou no kareshi wa donna hito desu ka?","ja":"理想の彼氏はどんな人ですか?","english":"What would your ideal boyfriend be like?"},"freqRank":1998,"score":3,"notes":"Often paired with genjitsu: risou to genjitsu (the ideal vs reality). Risouteki = ideal (as an adjective).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":367},{"id":"w-kiseki","romaji":"kiseki","polite":null,"english":"miracle","use":"Something that by rights shouldn't have happened, often said with relief or exaggeration.","ja":"奇跡","kana":"きせき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shiken ni ukatta no wa kiseki da yo","ja":"試験に受かったのは奇跡だよ","english":"Me passing that exam was a miracle."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shiken ni ukatta no wa kiseki desu","ja":"試験に受かったのは奇跡です","english":"Passing that exam was a miracle."},"freqRank":2084,"score":3,"notes":"Kiseki ga okiru = a miracle happens. Kisekiteki ni = miraculously.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":368}],"stage":2,"range":"365-368","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-life-9","label":"Before, during, last time","rationale":"Lets you place things around an event: on the way, last time, right before, on the day.","interference":"Toujitsu (on the day) vs touji (at the time).","items":[{"id":"w-tochuu","romaji":"tochuu","polite":null,"english":"on the way; in the middle (of)","use":"Both partway along a route (kaeri no tochuu, on the way home) and partway through a task.","ja":"途中","kana":"とちゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima eki ni iku tochuu da yo","ja":"今駅に行く途中だよ","english":"I'm on my way to the station now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima eki ni iku tochuu desu","ja":"今駅に行く途中です","english":"I'm on my way to the station now."},"freqRank":844,"score":4,"notes":"Tochuu de = partway, before finishing: tochuu de yameta (I quit halfway).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":369},{"id":"w-zenkai","romaji":"zenkai","polite":null,"english":"last time; the previous one","use":"The previous meeting, episode, visit or lesson in a series.","ja":"前回","kana":"ぜんかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zenkai no tsuzuki kara yarou","ja":"前回の続きからやろう","english":"Let's pick up where we left off last time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"zenkai no tsuzuki kara yarimashou","ja":"前回の続きからやりましょう","english":"Let's pick up where we left off last time."},"freqRank":2939,"score":4,"notes":"Konkai = this time, jikai = next time. Casual 'the other time' is kono mae.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":370},{"id":"w-chokuzen","romaji":"chokuzen","polite":null,"english":"just before; right before","use":"After a noun with no or a verb: shiken no chokuzen, deru chokuzen (right before leaving).","ja":"直前","kana":"ちょくぜん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dekakeru chokuzen ni kizuita","ja":"出かける直前に気づいた","english":"I noticed right before I went out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dekakeru chokuzen ni kizukimashita","ja":"出かける直前に気づきました","english":"I noticed right before I went out."},"freqRank":2336,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: chokugo (right after). Plain 'before' is mae.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":371},{"id":"w-toujitsu","romaji":"toujitsu","polite":null,"english":"on the day; the day itself","use":"The day of a planned event: a test, trip, wedding or booking.","ja":"当日","kana":"とうじつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chiketto wa toujitsu demo kaeru yo","ja":"チケットは当日でも買えるよ","english":"You can buy tickets on the day too."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chiketto wa toujitsu demo kaemasu yo","ja":"チケットは当日でも買えますよ","english":"You can buy tickets on the day too."},"freqRank":2396,"score":3,"notes":"Don't mix it up with touji (at the time).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":372}],"stage":2,"range":"369-372","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-life-12","label":"Special occasions","rationale":"Lets you talk about firsts, ceremonies and marking a day.","interference":"Hatsu (first ever) vs hajimete (for the first time).","items":[{"id":"w-hatsu","romaji":"hatsu","polite":null,"english":"first (ever)","use":"Goes before a noun for a first experience: hatsu deeto (first date), hatsu taiken (first time trying something).","ja":"初","kana":"はつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou ga kanojo to no hatsu deeto da yo","ja":"今日が彼女との初デートだよ","english":"Today's my first date with her."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou ga kanojo to no hatsu deeto desu","ja":"今日が彼女との初デートです","english":"Today is my first date with her."},"freqRank":2003,"score":3,"notes":"'For the first time' is hajimete. The same kanji is read sho in shonichi (opening day).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":373},{"id":"w-shiki","romaji":"shiki","polite":null,"english":"ceremony; wedding","use":"Short for a ceremony both people know about, usually the wedding: shiki wa itsu? (when's the wedding?).","ja":"式","kana":"しき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shiki wa rainen no haru ni suru","ja":"式は来年の春にする","english":"We're having the wedding next spring."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shiki wa rainen no haru ni shimasu","ja":"式は来年の春にします","english":"We're holding the wedding next spring."},"freqRank":2517,"score":3,"notes":"Full forms: kekkonshiki (wedding), sotsugyoushiki (graduation). In compounds it can also mean 'style' or 'formula'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":374},{"id":"w-kinen","romaji":"kinen","polite":null,"english":"commemoration; keepsake; to mark the occasion","use":"Mostly kinen ni (as a keepsake, to mark the day) and in compounds.","ja":"記念","kana":"きねん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinen ni issho ni shashin torou yo","ja":"記念に一緒に写真撮ろうよ","english":"Let's take a photo together to remember this."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinen ni issho ni shashin o torimashou","ja":"記念に一緒に写真を撮りましょう","english":"Let's take a photo together to mark the occasion."},"freqRank":2576,"score":3,"notes":"Kinenbi = anniversary. Kinen shashin = a photo to mark the day.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":375}],"stage":2,"range":"373-375","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-mind-4","label":"Effort and attitude","rationale":"Lets you say someone means it, tries hard, is brave, proud or rude.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-honki","romaji":"honki","polite":null,"english":"serious; for real; seriously","use":"Checks or insists that someone means it: honki? (are you serious?), honki da yo (I mean it).","ja":"本気","kana":"ほんき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"honki de kare to kekkon suru tsumori?","ja":"本気で彼と結婚するつもり?","english":"Are you seriously going to marry him?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"honki de kare to kekkon suru tsumori desu ka?","ja":"本気で彼と結婚するつもりですか?","english":"Are you seriously planning to marry him?"},"freqRank":559,"score":4,"notes":"Honki de = seriously, with real effort. Honki ni suru = take a joke at face value.","listLinks":[],"cv":5,"focus":true,"n":376},{"id":"w-taido","romaji":"taido","polite":null,"english":"attitude; manner; behavior","use":"How someone acts toward others, usually judged: taido ga warui (rude), sono taido nani? (what's with that attitude?).","ja":"態度","kana":"たいど","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, saikin taido ga tsumetai","ja":"彼、最近態度が冷たい","english":"He's been acting cold lately."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa saikin taido ga tsumetai desu","ja":"彼は最近態度が冷たいです","english":"He's been acting cold toward me lately."},"freqRank":1434,"score":3,"notes":"Taido is outward behavior; the feeling inside is kimochi. Taido ga dekai = acting like you own the place.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":377},{"id":"w-yuuki","romaji":"yuuki","polite":null,"english":"courage; nerve","use":"Usually yuuki o dasu (work up the courage) or yuuki ga nai (not have the nerve).","ja":"勇気","kana":"ゆうき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yuuki dashite kokuhaku shita","ja":"勇気出して告白した","english":"I worked up the courage and told them how I felt."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yuuki o dashite kokuhaku shimashita","ja":"勇気を出して告白しました","english":"I worked up the courage and told them how I felt."},"freqRank":1550,"score":3,"notes":"Yuuki o morau = be encouraged by someone or something.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":378},{"id":"w-zenryoku","romaji":"zenryoku","polite":null,"english":"all-out effort; everything you've got","use":"Almost always zenryoku de (with all your might) or zenryoku o tsukusu (give it your all).","ja":"全力","kana":"ぜんりょく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saigo made zenryoku de ganbaru yo","ja":"最後まで全力で頑張るよ","english":"I'll give it everything right to the end."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saigo made zenryoku de ganbarimasu","ja":"最後まで全力で頑張ります","english":"I'll give it everything right to the end."},"freqRank":2068,"score":3,"notes":"Also used jokingly: zenryoku de kotowaru (refuse flat out).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":379},{"id":"w-puraido","romaji":"puraido","polite":null,"english":"pride; self-respect","use":"Self-respect that gets hurt or gets in the way: puraido ga takai (too proud to back down).","ja":"プライド","kana":"プライド","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare wa puraido ga takai kara ayamaranai yo","ja":"彼はプライドが高いから謝らないよ","english":"He's too proud to apologize."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa puraido ga takai node ayamaranai to omoimasu","ja":"彼はプライドが高いので謝らないと思います","english":"I think he's too proud to apologize."},"freqRank":2449,"score":3,"notes":"Puraido ga kizutsuku = your pride gets hurt. Being proud of something good is hokori.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":380}],"stage":2,"range":"376-380","category":"Mind and feelings"},{"id":"n-abstract-1","label":"Relationships and boundaries","rationale":"Lets you ask how people are connected and say what's your own business.","interference":"Jiyuu means free to choose, not free of charge.","items":[{"id":"w-kankei","romaji":"kankei","polite":null,"english":"relationship; connection","use":"Links between people or things: futari no kankei (their relationship), ~ to kankei ga aru (be connected to ~).","ja":"関係","kana":"かんけい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano futari, dou iu kankei?","ja":"あの二人、どういう関係?","english":"What's the deal with those two?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano futari wa dou iu kankei desu ka?","ja":"あの二人はどういう関係ですか?","english":"How do those two know each other?"},"freqRank":392,"score":4,"notes":"Ningen kankei = relationships with people (at work, school). The negative kankei nai is very common.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":381},{"id":"w-kankei-nai","romaji":"kankei nai","polite":"kankei arimasen","english":"has nothing to do with; doesn't matter","use":"A curt shutdown in arguments, and 'doesn't matter': toshi wa kankei nai (age doesn't matter).","ja":"関係ない","kana":"かんけいない","politeJa":"関係ありません","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, ima no hanashi to kankei nai yo","ja":"それ、今の話と関係ないよ","english":"That's got nothing to do with what we're talking about."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa ima no hanashi to kankei arimasen yo","ja":"それは今の話と関係ありませんよ","english":"That has nothing to do with what we're talking about."},"freqRank":475,"score":4,"notes":"Anata ni wa kankei nai = it's none of your business; it sounds cold.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":382},{"id":"w-jiyuu","romaji":"jiyuu","polite":"jiyuu desu","english":"free; freedom","use":"Free to do as you like, not free of charge (that's tada or muryou).","ja":"自由","kana":"じゆう","politeJa":"自由です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa jiyuu ni shite ii yo","ja":"今日は自由にしていいよ","english":"You can do whatever you like today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa jiyuu ni shite ii desu yo","ja":"今日は自由にしていいですよ","english":"Feel free to do whatever you like today."},"freqRank":888,"score":3,"notes":"Jiyuu ni = freely, as you like. Jiyuu jikan = free time.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":383},{"id":"w-puraibeeto","romaji":"puraibeeto","polite":null,"english":"private life; personal time; private","use":"Your life outside work: puraibeeto na koto (personal stuff), puraibeeto de (in your own time).","ja":"プライベート","kana":"プライベート","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shigoto to puraibeeto wa waketai","ja":"仕事とプライベートは分けたい","english":"I want to keep work and my private life separate."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shigoto to puraibeeto wa waketai desu","ja":"仕事とプライベートは分けたいです","english":"I'd like to keep work and my private life separate."},"freqRank":2639,"score":3,"notes":"Puraibeeto de au = meet socially, not for work.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":384}],"stage":2,"range":"381-384","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-abstract-4","label":"Right, wrong, opposite","rationale":"Lets you call something a mistake, the right call, or the other way round.","interference":"Gyaku is just the reverse; hantai also means being against something.","items":[{"id":"w-machigai","romaji":"machigai","polite":null,"english":"mistake, error","use":null,"ja":"間違い","kana":"まちがい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, nanka machigai ja nai?","ja":"これ、なんか間違いじゃない？","english":"Isn't this some kind of mistake?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa nanika no machigai ja nai desu ka?","ja":"これは何かの間違いじゃないですか？","english":"Isn't this some kind of mistake?"},"freqRank":1085,"score":4,"notes":"Machigai nai = definitely, no doubt; the verb is machigaeru (get wrong).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":385},{"id":"w-gyaku","romaji":"gyaku","polite":null,"english":"the opposite; the other way round, reverse","use":"Often 'gyaku ni' (actually, on the contrary) to flip what was just said.","ja":"逆","kana":"ぎゃく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gyaku da yo, migi ja nakute hidari.","ja":"逆だよ、右じゃなくて左。","english":"Other way round, it's left, not right."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gyaku desu yo, migi ja nakute hidari desu.","ja":"逆ですよ、右じゃなくて左です。","english":"It's the other way round: left, not right."},"freqRank":1473,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":386},{"id":"w-hantai","romaji":"hantai","polite":null,"english":"against, opposition; opposite","use":"Two uses: being against something (hantai suru), and the opposite side or direction.","ja":"反対","kana":"はんたい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kekkon, oya ni hantai sareta.","ja":"結婚、親に反対された。","english":"My parents were against the marriage."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kekkon o oya ni hantai saremashita.","ja":"結婚を親に反対されました。","english":"My parents were against the marriage."},"freqRank":1161,"score":3,"notes":"Hantai gawa = the other side; for 'the reverse', gyaku is more natural.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":387},{"id":"w-seikai","romaji":"seikai","polite":null,"english":"right answer; right choice","use":"Often said of a decision that turned out well: X shite seikai datta.","ja":"正解","kana":"せいかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kasa motte kite seikai datta.","ja":"傘持ってきて正解だった。","english":"Good thing I brought an umbrella."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kasa o motte kite seikai deshita.","ja":"傘を持ってきて正解でした。","english":"Good thing I brought an umbrella."},"freqRank":1401,"score":3,"notes":"Called out in quizzes: Seikai! (Correct!).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":388}],"stage":2,"range":"385-388","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-abstract-7","label":"Cause and effect","rationale":"Lets you say what caused something and what it led to.","interference":"Gen'in is the cause of a problem; kikkake is what got something started.","items":[{"id":"w-genin","romaji":"gen'in","polite":null,"english":"cause","use":"The cause of a problem, illness or accident.","ja":"原因","kana":"げんいん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kenka no gen'in wa nan datta no?","ja":"喧嘩の原因は何だったの？","english":"What started the fight?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kenka no gen'in wa nan deshita ka?","ja":"喧嘩の原因は何でしたか？","english":"What caused the argument?"},"freqRank":995,"score":4,"notes":"Riyuu is a reason someone gives; gen'in is what made something happen.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":389},{"id":"w-kikkake","romaji":"kikkake","polite":null,"english":"what got it started; trigger; chance","use":"How something began, like a hobby or a relationship; X ga kikkake de = X got it started.","ja":"きっかけ","kana":"きっかけ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nihongo hajimeta kikkake wa anime da yo.","ja":"日本語始めたきっかけはアニメだよ。","english":"Anime is what got me into Japanese."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nihongo o hajimeta kikkake wa anime desu.","ja":"日本語を始めたきっかけはアニメです。","english":"Anime is what got me into Japanese."},"freqRank":1353,"score":4,"notes":"Kikkake wa? = What got you into it? is a standard small-talk question.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":390},{"id":"w-eikyou","romaji":"eikyou","polite":null,"english":"influence, effect","use":"Usually 'X no eikyou de' (because of X) or 'eikyou o ukeru' (be influenced).","ja":"影響","kana":"えいきょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ani no eikyou de gitaa hajimeta.","ja":"兄の影響でギター始めた。","english":"I took up guitar because of my big brother."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ani no eikyou de gitaa o hajimemashita.","ja":"兄の影響でギターを始めました。","english":"I took up guitar because of my big brother."},"freqRank":1438,"score":3,"notes":"Also for weather and events: taifuu no eikyou de = because of the typhoon.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":391},{"id":"w-kouka","romaji":"kouka","polite":null,"english":"effect; result (of a remedy or effort)","use":"Kouka ga aru / nai = it works / doesn't work.","ja":"効果","kana":"こうか","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kusuri, zenzen kouka nai.","ja":"この薬、全然効果ない。","english":"This medicine isn't working at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kusuri wa zenzen kouka ga arimasen.","ja":"この薬は全然効果がありません。","english":"This medicine isn't working at all."},"freqRank":2452,"score":3,"notes":"The verb kiku (work, take effect) is often used instead.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":392}],"stage":2,"range":"389-392","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-abstract-10","label":"Impressions and behaviour","rationale":"Lets you describe how someone comes across, acts and is treated.","interference":"Imeeji is an impression in your mind, not a photo.","items":[{"id":"w-imeeji","romaji":"imeeji","polite":null,"english":"impression; picture in your mind","use":"How you picture or think of something, not a photo; imeeji to chigau = not what I expected.","ja":"イメージ","kana":"イメージ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanka imeeji to chigau ne.","ja":"なんかイメージと違うね。","english":"It's not quite what I pictured."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nanka imeeji to chigaimasu ne.","ja":"なんかイメージと違いますね。","english":"It's not quite what I pictured."},"freqRank":1388,"score":4,"notes":"Imeeji suru = picture, imagine; a photo is shashin.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":393},{"id":"w-koudou","romaji":"koudou","polite":null,"english":"action; behaviour","use":"Sounds a little serious; koudou ni utsusu = put into action.","ja":"行動","kana":"こうどう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare no koudou, chotto okashii yo.","ja":"彼の行動、ちょっとおかしいよ。","english":"He's been acting a bit strange."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare no koudou ga chotto okashii desu.","ja":"彼の行動がちょっとおかしいです。","english":"He's been acting a bit strange."},"freqRank":1153,"score":3,"notes":"Koudou suru = act, take action; for an everyday 'do', just use suru or yaru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":394},{"id":"w-atsukai","romaji":"atsukai","polite":null,"english":"treatment (of a person); handling","use":"Mostly how someone is treated: X atsukai suru = treat someone as X.","ja":"扱い","kana":"あつかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo atsukai shinai de yo.","ja":"子ども扱いしないでよ。","english":"Don't treat me like a child."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo atsukai shinai de kudasai.","ja":"子ども扱いしないでください。","english":"Please don't treat me like a child."},"freqRank":1591,"score":3,"notes":"The verb is atsukau (handle, treat); atsukai ga hidoi = they treat you badly.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":395},{"id":"w-nazo","romaji":"nazo","polite":null,"english":"mystery; puzzle","use":"Casually, nazo alone means 'no idea, it's a mystery' about anything odd.","ja":"謎","kana":"なぞ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito, nazo da yo ne.","ja":"あの人、謎だよね。","english":"That guy's a real mystery, isn't he?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano hito wa nazo desu ne.","ja":"あの人は謎ですね。","english":"That person's a real mystery."},"freqRank":1882,"score":3,"notes":"Nazonazo = a riddle.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":396},{"id":"w-shigeki","romaji":"shigeki","polite":null,"english":"stimulus; inspiration, a push; irritation","use":"Ii shigeki ni naru = be inspiring, give you a push.","ja":"刺激","kana":"しげき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare to hanasu to ii shigeki ni naru.","ja":"彼と話すといい刺激になる。","english":"Talking to him really fires me up."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare to hanasu to ii shigeki ni narimasu.","ja":"彼と話すといい刺激になります。","english":"Talking to him is really inspiring."},"freqRank":2985,"score":3,"notes":"Shigeki ga tsuyoi = too strong or harsh, of spicy food, skin products or a film's content.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":397}],"stage":2,"range":"393-397","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-abstract-11","label":"How things unfold","rationale":"Lets you tell how a situation went and where it stands now.","interference":"Nagare is the general flow; tenkai is a twist or turn in it.","items":[{"id":"w-nagare","romaji":"nagare","polite":null,"english":"how things went; flow; the course of events","use":"Nagare de = as things went, to explain how something just happened.","ja":"流れ","kana":"ながれ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nagare de nomi ni iku koto ni natta.","ja":"流れで飲みに行くことになった。","english":"We just ended up going for drinks."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nagare de nomi ni iku koto ni narimashita.","ja":"流れで飲みに行くことになりました。","english":"We just ended up going for drinks."},"freqRank":1797,"score":3,"notes":"Also a literal flow, of a river or traffic; the verb is nagareru (flow).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":398},{"id":"w-tenkai","romaji":"tenkai","polite":null,"english":"turn of events; how a story develops","use":"Common about TV, films and real life: masaka no tenkai = an unexpected twist.","ja":"展開","kana":"てんかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono tenkai wa yosou shite nakatta.","ja":"その展開は予想してなかった。","english":"I didn't see that coming."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono tenkai wa yosou shite imasen deshita.","ja":"その展開は予想していませんでした。","english":"I didn't see that coming."},"freqRank":2208,"score":3,"notes":"Tenkai suru = unfold; in business, expand (a chain of shops).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":399},{"id":"w-ketsuron","romaji":"ketsuron","polite":null,"english":"conclusion; the bottom line","use":"Ketsuron kara iu to = to cut to the chase, long story short.","ja":"結論","kana":"けつろん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ketsuron kara iu to, dame datta.","ja":"結論から言うと、ダメだった。","english":"Long story short, it didn't work out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ketsuron kara iu to, dame deshita.","ja":"結論から言うと、ダメでした。","english":"To cut to the chase, it didn't work out."},"freqRank":2777,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":400},{"id":"w-dankai","romaji":"dankai","polite":null,"english":"stage; step; phase","use":"Often 'ima no dankai de wa' (at this stage) when nothing's decided yet.","ja":"段階","kana":"だんかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mada kangaeteru dankai da yo.","ja":"まだ考えてる段階だよ。","english":"I'm still at the thinking stage."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mada kangaete iru dankai desu.","ja":"まだ考えている段階です。","english":"I'm still at the thinking stage."},"freqRank":2963,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":401}],"stage":2,"range":"398-401","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-abstract-5","label":"Worth and purpose","rationale":"Lets you say whether something is worth doing, or that you've got something on.","interference":"You in you ga aru means business or an errand, not use.","items":[{"id":"w-imi-ga-nai","romaji":"imi ga nai","polite":"imi ga arimasen","english":"pointless; no use; makes no sense","use":"Casually shortened to imi nai, often as imi nai jan (that's pointless).","ja":"意味がない","kana":"いみがない","politeJa":"意味がありません","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"imasara itte mo imi nai yo.","ja":"今さら言っても意味ないよ。","english":"There's no point saying it now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"imasara itte mo imi ga arimasen yo.","ja":"今さら言っても意味がありませんよ。","english":"There's no point saying it now."},"freqRank":3435,"score":4,"notes":"Imi wakannai = I don't get it, that makes no sense.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":402},{"id":"w-imi-ga-aru","romaji":"imi ga aru","polite":"imi ga arimasu","english":"there's a point; worth it, meaningful","use":"Often asked with doubt: sore, imi aru? (is there any point?).","ja":"意味がある","kana":"いみがある","politeJa":"意味があります","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, yaru imi aru no?","ja":"それ、やる意味あるの？","english":"Is there any point doing that?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa yaru imi ga aru n desu ka?","ja":"それはやる意味があるんですか？","english":"Is there any point doing that?"},"freqRank":2839,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":403},{"id":"w-you-ga-aru","romaji":"you ga aru","polite":"you ga arimasu","english":"have something to do; want someone for something","use":"Used to excuse yourself (I've got something on) or about why someone came to see you.","ja":"用がある","kana":"ようがある","politeJa":"用があります","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, kyou wa chotto you ga aru n da.","ja":"ごめん、今日はちょっと用があるんだ。","english":"Sorry, I've got something on today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, kyou wa chotto you ga aru n desu.","ja":"すみません、今日はちょっと用があるんです。","english":"Sorry, I've got something on today."},"freqRank":3896,"score":4,"notes":"Nan no you? = What do you want? (can sound curt). Youji is the noun for an errand.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":404},{"id":"w-kachi","romaji":"kachi","polite":null,"english":"value; worth","use":"Usually 'X suru kachi ga aru' (worth doing).","ja":"価値","kana":"かち","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano mise, ikkai iku kachi aru yo.","ja":"あの店、一回行く価値あるよ。","english":"That place is worth going to at least once."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano mise wa ikkai iku kachi ga arimasu yo.","ja":"あの店は一回行く価値がありますよ。","english":"That place is worth going to at least once."},"freqRank":1509,"score":3,"notes":"Kachikan = values, what you believe in.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":405}],"stage":2,"range":"402-405","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-talk-2","label":"Replies and reactions","rationale":"Lets you say whether someone answered and how they reacted.","interference":"Henji is any reply; henshin is only a reply to a message.","items":[{"id":"w-henji","romaji":"henji","polite":null,"english":"reply, answer","use":"Any reply, spoken or written, including answering when your name is called; often 'henji suru'.","ja":"返事","kana":"へんじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yonde mo henji shinai n da yo.","ja":"呼んでも返事しないんだよ。","english":"He doesn't answer even when I call him."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yonde mo henji o shinai n desu.","ja":"呼んでも返事をしないんです。","english":"He doesn't answer even when I call him."},"freqRank":1075,"score":4,"notes":"For texts and emails, henshin is more specific.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":406},{"id":"w-henshin","romaji":"henshin","polite":null,"english":"reply (to a text or email)","use":"Usually 'henshin suru' or 'henshin ga kuru' (get a reply).","ja":"返信","kana":"へんしん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo kara mada henshin konai.","ja":"彼女からまだ返信来ない。","english":"She still hasn't replied."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo kara mada henshin ga kimasen.","ja":"彼女からまだ返信が来ません。","english":"She still hasn't replied."},"freqRank":5122,"score":4,"notes":"Same sound as henshin 'transformation', as in superheroes.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":407},{"id":"w-hannou","romaji":"hannou","polite":null,"english":"reaction, response","use":"How someone reacts to news, a joke or a message; hannou ga nai = no response.","ja":"反応","kana":"はんのう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare no hannou, dou datta?","ja":"彼の反応、どうだった？","english":"How did he react?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare no hannou wa dou deshita ka?","ja":"彼の反応はどうでしたか？","english":"How did he react?"},"freqRank":1615,"score":3,"notes":"Hannou suru = react.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":408}],"stage":2,"range":"406-408","category":"Talk and information"},{"id":"n-talk-1","label":"Chatting and topics","rationale":"Lets you talk about chatting and what to talk about.","interference":"Neta is something to talk about; wadai is the topic itself.","items":[{"id":"w-oshaberi","romaji":"oshaberi","polite":null,"english":"chatting, chit-chat; chatterbox","use":"Usually 'oshaberi suru' (to chat).","ja":"おしゃべり","kana":"おしゃべり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kafe de zutto oshaberi shiteta.","ja":"カフェでずっとおしゃべりしてた。","english":"We sat chatting in a café the whole time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kafe de zutto oshaberi shite imashita.","ja":"カフェでずっとおしゃべりしていました。","english":"We sat chatting in a café the whole time."},"freqRank":3642,"score":4,"notes":"Said of a person it means a chatterbox or someone who can't keep a secret, often as a light tease.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":409},{"id":"w-kaiwa","romaji":"kaiwa","polite":null,"english":"conversation","use":"Sounds a little formal; in casual talk people mostly just say hanasu (talk).","ja":"会話","kana":"かいわ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare to zenzen kaiwa ga tsuzukanai.","ja":"彼と全然会話が続かない。","english":"I can never keep a conversation going with him."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare to wa zenzen kaiwa ga tsuzukimasen.","ja":"彼とは全然会話が続きません。","english":"I can never keep a conversation going with him."},"freqRank":1693,"score":3,"notes":"Eikaiwa = English conversation (lessons).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":410},{"id":"w-neta","romaji":"neta","polite":null,"english":"something to talk about; material, a joke","use":"Casual word for a story, topic or joke you can use.","ja":"ネタ","kana":"ネタ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hanasu neta ga nakunatta.","ja":"話すネタがなくなった。","english":"I've run out of things to talk about."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hanasu neta ga nakunarimashita.","ja":"話すネタがなくなりました。","english":"I've run out of things to talk about."},"freqRank":2049,"score":3,"notes":"Netabare = spoiler; neta is also the fish on top of sushi.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":411},{"id":"w-wadai","romaji":"wadai","polite":null,"english":"topic (of conversation)","use":"Wadai no X = the much-talked-about X; wadai ni naru = become the talk of the town.","ja":"話題","kana":"わだい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto wadai kaeyou ka.","ja":"ちょっと話題変えようか。","english":"Let's change the subject."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto wadai o kaemashou ka.","ja":"ちょっと話題を変えましょうか。","english":"Shall we change the subject?"},"freqRank":2634,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":412}],"stage":2,"range":"409-412","category":"Talk and information"},{"id":"n-food-1","label":"Meals and food","rationale":"Lets you talk about meals and ask about food and drink.","interference":"Gohan, shokuji and meshi all mean meal; gohan is the default, shokuji more formal, meshi rough.","items":[{"id":"w-gohan","romaji":"gohan","polite":null,"english":"meal; cooked rice","use":"The everyday word for any meal: asagohan, hirugohan and bangohan are breakfast, lunch and dinner.","ja":"ご飯","kana":"ごはん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"issho ni gohan tabe ni ikou yo","ja":"一緒にご飯食べに行こうよ","english":"Let's go get something to eat together."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"issho ni gohan tabe ni ikimasen ka?","ja":"一緒にご飯食べに行きませんか?","english":"Would you like to go and eat together?"},"freqRank":1225,"score":5,"notes":"Also plain cooked rice: gohan o taku means cook the rice.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":413},{"id":"w-shokuji","romaji":"shokuji","polite":null,"english":"meal; eating","use":"A step more formal than gohan; common in invitations, at restaurants and in health talk.","ja":"食事","kana":"しょくじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kondo shokuji demo dou?","ja":"今度食事でもどう?","english":"How about dinner sometime?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kondo oshokuji demo ikaga desu ka?","ja":"今度お食事でもいかがですか?","english":"Would you like to have dinner sometime?"},"freqRank":860,"score":4,"notes":"Shokuji suru means to have a meal. Oshokuji is the polite form for someone else's meal.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":414},{"id":"w-meshi","romaji":"meshi","polite":null,"english":"meal; food","use":"Rough word for gohan, used mostly by men among friends.","ja":"飯","kana":"めし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["rough","masc"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hara hetta, meshi ikou ze","ja":"腹減った、飯行こうぜ","english":"I'm starving, let's go eat."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1398,"score":4,"notes":"Also heard in hirumeshi (lunch) and yorumeshi (dinner). Say gohan yourself unless you're among close friends.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":415},{"id":"w-tabemono","romaji":"tabemono","polite":null,"english":"food","use":"Used for kinds of food, as in favourite foods or foods you can't eat.","ja":"食べ物","kana":"たべもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"suki na tabemono wa nani?","ja":"好きな食べ物は何?","english":"What's your favourite food?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"suki na tabemono wa nan desu ka?","ja":"好きな食べ物は何ですか?","english":"What's your favourite food?"},"freqRank":2103,"score":4,"notes":"Pairs with nomimono (drink).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":416},{"id":"w-nomimono","romaji":"nomimono","polite":null,"english":"drink; something to drink","use":null,"ja":"飲み物","kana":"のみもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nomimono wa nani ni suru?","ja":"飲み物は何にする?","english":"What do you want to drink?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nomimono wa nani ni shimasu ka?","ja":"飲み物は何にしますか?","english":"What would you like to drink?"},"freqRank":2678,"score":4,"notes":"Staff say onomimono: 'onomimono wa?' asks for your drink order.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":417}],"stage":2,"range":"413-417","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-food-3","label":"Meat, fish and vegetables","rationale":"Lets you say what you eat and shop for.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-niku","romaji":"niku","polite":null,"english":"meat","use":null,"ja":"肉","kana":"にく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa niku ga tabetai na","ja":"今日は肉が食べたいな","english":"I feel like eating meat today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa niku ga tabetai desu","ja":"今日は肉が食べたいです","english":"I'd like to eat meat today."},"freqRank":1447,"score":4,"notes":"Beef is gyuuniku, pork butaniku, chicken toriniku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":418},{"id":"w-sakana","romaji":"sakana","polite":null,"english":"fish","use":null,"ja":"魚","kana":"さかな","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sakana anmari suki ja nai n da","ja":"魚あんまり好きじゃないんだ","english":"I'm not really into fish."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sakana wa amari suki ja nai n desu","ja":"魚はあまり好きじゃないんです","english":"I don't really like fish."},"freqRank":1852,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":419},{"id":"w-yasai","romaji":"yasai","polite":null,"english":"vegetables","use":null,"ja":"野菜","kana":"やさい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yasai mo chanto tabete ne","ja":"野菜もちゃんと食べてね","english":"Make sure you eat your vegetables too."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yasai mo chanto tabete kudasai ne","ja":"野菜もちゃんと食べてくださいね","english":"Please make sure you eat your vegetables too."},"freqRank":2145,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":420},{"id":"w-kudamono","romaji":"kudamono","polite":null,"english":"fruit","use":null,"ja":"果物","kana":"くだもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kudamono nara nani ga suki?","ja":"果物なら何が好き?","english":"What fruit do you like?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kudamono nara nani ga suki desu ka?","ja":"果物なら何が好きですか?","english":"What fruit do you like?"},"freqRank":7934,"score":3,"notes":"Furuutsu is also used, mostly for desserts and drinks.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":421}],"stage":2,"range":"418-421","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-work-6","label":"Work hours and time off","rationale":"Talk about your workday, overtime and days off.","interference":"Kyuukei (a short break), yuukyuu (paid leave) and renkyuu (days off in a row) all sound alike.","items":[{"id":"w-kyuukei","romaji":"kyuukei","polite":null,"english":"a break; rest","use":"A short pause from work, study or a long drive; used with suru.","ja":"休憩","kana":"きゅうけい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto kyuukei shiyou ka.","ja":"ちょっと休憩しようか。","english":"Shall we take a quick break?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto kyuukei shimashou ka.","ja":"ちょっと休憩しましょうか。","english":"Shall we take a short break?"},"freqRank":1948,"score":4,"notes":"Yasumi is the wider word for time off or a day off. Kyuukei chuu = on a break.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":422},{"id":"w-zangyou","romaji":"zangyou","polite":null,"english":"overtime (work)","use":"Staying late at work after normal hours; zangyou suru = to work overtime.","ja":"残業","kana":"ざんぎょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou mo zangyou de osoku naru.","ja":"今日も残業で遅くなる。","english":"I'll be home late again, working overtime."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou mo zangyou de osoku narimasu.","ja":"今日も残業で遅くなります。","english":"I'll be late again today because of overtime."},"freqRank":3602,"score":4,"notes":"Saabisu zangyou = unpaid overtime.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":423},{"id":"w-tsuukin","romaji":"tsuukin","polite":null,"english":"commuting to work; the commute","use":null,"ja":"通勤","kana":"つうきん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsuukin ni ichijikan kakaru n da.","ja":"通勤に一時間かかるんだ。","english":"My commute takes an hour."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsuukin ni ichijikan kakarimasu.","ja":"通勤に一時間かかります。","english":"My commute takes an hour."},"freqRank":10132,"score":3,"notes":"Tsuugaku is commuting to school. Tsuukin suru = to commute; densha de tsuukin = commute by train.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":424},{"id":"w-yuukyuu","romaji":"yuukyuu","polite":null,"english":"paid leave; paid time off","use":"Short for yuukyuu kyuuka; you 'take' it: yuukyuu o toru.","ja":"有給","kana":"ゆうきゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raishuu, yuukyuu totte ryokou suru n da.","ja":"来週、有給取って旅行するんだ。","english":"I'm taking paid leave next week to go on a trip."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raishuu, yuukyuu o totte ryokou shimasu.","ja":"来週、有給を取って旅行します。","english":"I'm taking paid leave next week for a trip."},"freqRank":13555,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":425},{"id":"w-renkyuu","romaji":"renkyuu","polite":null,"english":"days off in a row; long weekend","use":"Two or more days off in a row, especially around public holidays.","ja":"連休","kana":"れんきゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kondo no renkyuu, doko ka iku?","ja":"今度の連休、どこか行く？","english":"Going anywhere over the long weekend?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kondo no renkyuu wa doko ka ikimasu ka?","ja":"今度の連休はどこか行きますか？","english":"Are you going anywhere over the long weekend?"},"freqRank":18634,"score":3,"notes":"Sanrenkyuu = a three-day weekend. Golden Week in early May is the big one.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":426}],"stage":2,"range":"422-426","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-health-1","label":"Feeling unwell","rationale":"Say you're not feeling well and why.","interference":"Choushi and guai both mean 'condition'; guai leans toward feeling physically ill.","items":[{"id":"w-choushi","romaji":"choushi","polite":null,"english":"condition; how things are going","use":"For how you, your body, a machine or things in general are doing; choushi dou? = how's it going?","ja":"調子","kana":"ちょうし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hisashiburi! saikin, choushi dou?","ja":"久しぶり！最近、調子どう？","english":"Long time no see! How've you been?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ohisashiburi desu. saikin, choushi wa dou desu ka?","ja":"お久しぶりです。最近、調子はどうですか？","english":"It's been a while. How have you been?"},"freqRank":1124,"score":4,"notes":"Choushi ga warui = not feeling well, or not working right. Choushi ni noru = get carried away.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":427},{"id":"w-netsu","romaji":"netsu","polite":null,"english":"fever, temperature; heat","use":"Usually means a fever: netsu ga aru = have a temperature.","ja":"熱","kana":"ねつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto netsu aru kara, kyou wa yasumu ne.","ja":"ちょっと熱あるから、今日は休むね。","english":"I've got a bit of a fever, so I'm taking today off."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sukoshi netsu ga aru node, kyou wa yasumimasu.","ja":"少し熱があるので、今日は休みます。","english":"I have a slight fever, so I'll take today off."},"freqRank":1641,"score":4,"notes":"Netsu o hakaru = take your temperature; netsu ga sagatta = the fever's gone down.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":428},{"id":"w-kaze","romaji":"kaze","polite":null,"english":"a cold","use":"You 'pull' a cold: kaze o hiku; kaze hiita = I've caught a cold.","ja":"風邪","kana":"かぜ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaze hiita mitai, nodo ga itai.","ja":"風邪ひいたみたい、喉が痛い。","english":"I think I've caught a cold; my throat hurts."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaze o hiita mitai de, nodo ga itai desu.","ja":"風邪をひいたみたいで、喉が痛いです。","english":"I think I've caught a cold, and my throat hurts."},"freqRank":2666,"score":4,"notes":"Same sound as kaze (wind); context tells them apart. Kazegusuri = cold medicine.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":429},{"id":"w-guai","romaji":"guai","polite":null,"english":"how you feel (health); condition; how something works","use":"Mostly asked about health: guai ga warui = feel sick.","ja":"具合","kana":"ぐあい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"daijoubu? guai warui no?","ja":"大丈夫？具合悪いの？","english":"Are you okay? Not feeling well?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"daijoubu desu ka? guai ga warui n desu ka?","ja":"大丈夫ですか？具合が悪いんですか？","english":"Are you all right? Are you feeling unwell?"},"freqRank":1423,"score":3,"notes":"Close to choushi, but guai leans toward feeling physically ill. Konna guai ni = like this, this way.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":430},{"id":"w-nebusoku","romaji":"nebusoku","polite":null,"english":"lack of sleep; not getting enough sleep","use":"Often given as the reason you're off: nebusoku de = because I didn't sleep enough.","ja":"寝不足","kana":"ねぶそく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nebusoku de atama ga mawaranai.","ja":"寝不足で頭が回らない。","english":"I'm so short on sleep I can't think straight."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nebusoku de, atama ga mawaranai n desu.","ja":"寝不足で、頭が回らないんです。","english":"I haven't slept enough, so I can't think straight."},"freqRank":6433,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":431}],"stage":2,"range":"427-431","category":"Health"},{"id":"n-health-5","label":"Staying healthy","rationale":"Talk about health habits, exercise, weight and check-ups.","interference":"Daietto only means trying to lose weight, never your normal diet.","items":[{"id":"w-kenkou","romaji":"kenkou","polite":null,"english":"health","use":"Health in general; kenkou ni ii = good for you.","ja":"健康","kana":"けんこう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, kenkou ni ii n da yo.","ja":"それ、健康にいいんだよ。","english":"That's actually good for your health."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa kenkou ni ii n desu yo.","ja":"それは健康にいいんですよ。","english":"That's good for your health, you know."},"freqRank":2531,"score":4,"notes":"Also a na-adjective: kenkou na = healthy. 'Take care of yourself' is usually karada ni ki o tsukete.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":432},{"id":"w-undou","romaji":"undou","polite":null,"english":"exercise; physical activity","use":"Exercise for your health; undou suru = to work out.","ja":"運動","kana":"うんどう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"motto undou shinai to dame da na.","ja":"もっと運動しないとダメだな。","english":"I really need to get more exercise."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"motto undou shinai to ikemasen ne.","ja":"もっと運動しないといけませんね。","english":"I really should exercise more."},"freqRank":3290,"score":4,"notes":"Undou busoku = not getting enough exercise. It can also mean a political or social movement.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":433},{"id":"w-daietto","romaji":"daietto","polite":null,"english":"diet (to lose weight)","use":"Always about losing weight; daietto chuu = on a diet.","ja":"ダイエット","kana":"ダイエット","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima daietto chuu dakara, amai mono wa ii ya.","ja":"今ダイエット中だから、甘いものはいいや。","english":"I'm on a diet, so I'll pass on sweets."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima daietto chuu na node, amai mono wa kekkou desu.","ja":"今ダイエット中なので、甘いものは結構です。","english":"I'm on a diet, so no sweets for me, thanks."},"freqRank":4994,"score":4,"notes":"Daietto suru = go on a diet. What you normally eat is shokuji, not daietto.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":434},{"id":"w-taijuu","romaji":"taijuu","polite":null,"english":"body weight","use":"Weight goes up (fueru) or down (heru); taijuu o hakaru = weigh yourself.","ja":"体重","kana":"たいじゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin, taijuu ga sankiro mo fueta.","ja":"最近、体重が3キロも増えた。","english":"I've put on a whole three kilos lately."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin, taijuu ga sankiro mo fuemashita.","ja":"最近、体重が3キロも増えました。","english":"I've gained three kilos recently."},"freqRank":5649,"score":3,"notes":"Taijuukei = bathroom scales.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":435},{"id":"w-kenkou-shindan","romaji":"kenkou shindan","polite":null,"english":"health check-up; medical check-up","use":"The yearly check-up most companies and schools require.","ja":"健康診断","kana":"けんこうしんだん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raishuu, kaisha no kenkou shindan ga aru.","ja":"来週、会社の健康診断がある。","english":"We've got the company health check next week."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raishuu, kaisha no kenkou shindan ga arimasu.","ja":"来週、会社の健康診断があります。","english":"There's a company health check next week."},"freqRank":10509,"score":3,"notes":"Often shortened to kenshin. Kenkou shindan o ukeru = have a check-up.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":436}],"stage":2,"range":"432-436","category":"Health"},{"id":"n-travel-4","label":"Dates and nights out","rationale":"Make plans for dates, drinks and parties.","interference":"A paatii is a planned party; drinks with coworkers is a nomikai.","items":[{"id":"w-deeto","romaji":"deeto","polite":null,"english":"date (romantic)","use":null,"ja":"デート","kana":"デート","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuumatsu, kanojo to deeto suru n da.","ja":"週末、彼女とデートするんだ。","english":"I've got a date with my girlfriend this weekend."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuumatsu, kanojo to deeto suru n desu.","ja":"週末、彼女とデートするんです。","english":"I've got a date with my girlfriend this weekend."},"freqRank":1080,"score":4,"notes":"Used as deeto suru or deeto ni iku. Never a calendar date; that's hizuke.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":437},{"id":"w-nomikai","romaji":"nomikai","polite":null,"english":"drinking party; night out drinking","use":"A group drinking session with coworkers, classmates or friends, usually at an izakaya.","ja":"飲み会","kana":"のみかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou nomikai da kara, bangohan iranai.","ja":"今日飲み会だから、晩ご飯いらない。","english":"I'm out drinking tonight, so I don't need dinner."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa nomikai ga aru node, bangohan wa irimasen.","ja":"今日は飲み会があるので、晩ご飯はいりません。","english":"I have a drinking party tonight, so I won't need dinner."},"freqRank":4920,"score":4,"notes":"The second round somewhere else is the nijikai.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":438},{"id":"w-paatii","romaji":"paatii","polite":null,"english":"party","use":"A planned party; drinks with friends or coworkers is usually a nomikai.","ja":"パーティー","kana":"パーティー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kin'you, tomodachi no ie de paatii aru n da.","ja":"金曜、友達の家でパーティーあるんだ。","english":"There's a party at a friend's place on Friday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kin'youbi ni tomodachi no ie de paatii ga aru n desu.","ja":"金曜日に友達の家でパーティーがあるんです。","english":"There's a party at a friend's place on Friday."},"freqRank":1863,"score":3,"notes":"Common as tanjoubi paatii (birthday party) and hoomu paatii (party at someone's home).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":439},{"id":"w-baa","romaji":"baa","polite":null,"english":"bar","use":"A cocktail-style bar; a cheap place for drinks and food is an izakaya.","ja":"バー","kana":"バー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono ato, baa de ippai nomanai?","ja":"この後、バーで一杯飲まない？","english":"Want to grab a drink at a bar after this?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono ato, baa de ippai nomimasen ka?","ja":"この後、バーで一杯飲みませんか？","english":"Would you like a drink at a bar after this?"},"freqRank":1692,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":440}],"stage":2,"range":"437-440","category":"Getting around"},{"id":"n-travel-5","label":"Celebrations and events","rationale":"Talk about celebrating, weddings and events you're going to.","interference":"Oiwai is the celebration or gift; omedetou is what you say.","items":[{"id":"w-oiwai","romaji":"oiwai","polite":null,"english":"celebration; congratulatory gift","use":"Covers both the party and the gift or money you give.","ja":"お祝い","kana":"おいわい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tanjoubi no oiwai shiyou yo.","ja":"誕生日のお祝いしようよ。","english":"Let's celebrate your birthday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tanjoubi no oiwai o shimashou.","ja":"誕生日のお祝いをしましょう。","english":"Let's celebrate your birthday."},"freqRank":1674,"score":3,"notes":"Oiwai suru = to celebrate. What you actually say to the person is omedetou.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":441},{"id":"w-kekkonshiki","romaji":"kekkonshiki","polite":null,"english":"wedding","use":null,"ja":"結婚式","kana":"けっこんしき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raigetsu, tomodachi no kekkonshiki ni iku n da.","ja":"来月、友達の結婚式に行くんだ。","english":"I'm going to a friend's wedding next month."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raigetsu, tomodachi no kekkonshiki ni ikimasu.","ja":"来月、友達の結婚式に行きます。","english":"I'm going to a friend's wedding next month."},"freqRank":2115,"score":3,"notes":"Kekkon alone is marriage; -shiki makes it the ceremony. Guests give cash, called goshuugi.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":442},{"id":"w-ibento","romaji":"ibento","polite":null,"english":"event","use":"Concerts, fan meetups, festivals, in-store promotions.","ja":"イベント","kana":"イベント","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kondo no doyoubi, ibento ikanai?","ja":"今度の土曜日、イベント行かない？","english":"Want to go to an event this Saturday?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kondo no doyoubi, ibento ni ikimasen ka?","ja":"今度の土曜日、イベントに行きませんか？","english":"Would you like to go to an event this Saturday?"},"freqRank":2265,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":443}],"stage":2,"range":"441-443","category":"Getting around"},{"id":"n-fun-6","label":"Walks and holidays","rationale":"Talk about strolls, summer break and spring outings.","interference":"Sanpo is walking for pleasure; walking somewhere is aruku.","items":[{"id":"w-sanpo","romaji":"sanpo","polite":null,"english":"walk; stroll","use":"A walk for its own sake, often with a dog: sanpo suru or sanpo ni iku.","ja":"散歩","kana":"さんぽ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto sanpo shite kuru.","ja":"ちょっと散歩してくる。","english":"I'm going out for a little walk."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto sanpo shite kimasu.","ja":"ちょっと散歩してきます。","english":"I'm just going out for a walk."},"freqRank":2304,"score":4,"notes":"Walking to get somewhere is aruku, not sanpo.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":444},{"id":"w-natsuyasumi","romaji":"natsuyasumi","polite":null,"english":"summer holidays; summer break","use":null,"ja":"夏休み","kana":"なつやすみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"natsuyasumi, doko ka iku?","ja":"夏休み、どこか行く？","english":"Going anywhere for the summer holidays?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"natsuyasumi wa doko ka ikimasu ka?","ja":"夏休みはどこか行きますか？","english":"Are you going anywhere for the summer break?"},"freqRank":3962,"score":4,"notes":"For workers it's usually a few days off around Obon in mid-August.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":445},{"id":"w-hanami","romaji":"hanami","polite":null,"english":"cherry-blossom viewing (party)","use":"A spring picnic with food and drinks under the cherry trees.","ja":"花見","kana":"はなみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuumatsu, ohanami shiyou yo.","ja":"週末、お花見しようよ。","english":"Let's do hanami this weekend."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuumatsu, ohanami o shimasen ka?","ja":"週末、お花見をしませんか？","english":"Shall we go cherry-blossom viewing this weekend?"},"freqRank":10548,"score":3,"notes":"Usually said with o in front: ohanami.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":446}],"stage":2,"range":"444-446","category":"Free time and tech"},{"id":"n-fun-3","label":"Phone and messages","rationale":"Talk about your phone, apps and LINE messages.","interference":"Rain here means the LINE app, not a drawn line.","items":[{"id":"w-sumaho","romaji":"sumaho","polite":null,"english":"smartphone; phone","use":"The everyday word for your mobile phone.","ja":"スマホ","kana":"スマホ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sumaho wasurechatta.","ja":"スマホ忘れちゃった。","english":"I forgot my phone."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumaho o wasurete shimaimashita.","ja":"スマホを忘れてしまいました。","english":"I've forgotten my phone."},"freqRank":2242,"score":5,"notes":"Short for sumaato fon. Keitai is the older word, still heard.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":447},{"id":"w-rain","romaji":"rain","polite":null,"english":"LINE (messaging app); a LINE message; line","use":"Japan's main messaging app; rain suru means 'message someone on LINE'.","ja":"ライン","kana":"ライン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ato de rain suru ne.","ja":"あとでLINEするね。","english":"I'll message you on LINE later."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ato de rain shimasu ne.","ja":"あとでLINEしますね。","english":"I'll message you on LINE later."},"freqRank":4102,"score":5,"notes":"Also 'line' in general, like a limit: rain o koeru = cross the line.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":448},{"id":"w-apuri","romaji":"apuri","polite":null,"english":"app","use":null,"ja":"アプリ","kana":"アプリ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono apuri, mechakucha benri da yo.","ja":"このアプリ、めちゃくちゃ便利だよ。","english":"This app is super handy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono apuri, totemo benri desu yo.","ja":"このアプリ、とても便利ですよ。","english":"This app is really handy."},"freqRank":5212,"score":4,"notes":"Short for apurikeeshon. You 'put in' an app: apuri o ireru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":449},{"id":"w-kidoku","romaji":"kidoku","polite":null,"english":"read (message receipt); 'seen'","use":"The 'Read' mark LINE shows once someone opens your message.","ja":"既読","kana":"きどく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kidoku ni natteru noni henji nai.","ja":"既読になってるのに返事ない。","english":"It says read, but there's no reply."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kidoku ni natte iru noni, henji ga arimasen.","ja":"既読になっているのに、返事がありません。","english":"It shows as read, but there's no reply."},"freqRank":11780,"score":3,"notes":"Kidoku suruu = reading a message and not replying.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":450},{"id":"w-sukusho","romaji":"sukusho","polite":null,"english":"screenshot","use":null,"ja":"スクショ","kana":"スクショ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, sukusho shite okutte.","ja":"それ、スクショして送って。","english":"Screenshot that and send it to me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore o sukusho shite okutte kudasai.","ja":"それをスクショして送ってください。","english":"Please take a screenshot of that and send it."},"freqRank":36600,"score":3,"notes":"Short for sukuriinshotto; sukusho suru = take a screenshot.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":451}],"stage":2,"range":"447-451","category":"Free time and tech"},{"id":"n-things-10","label":"That thing, copying, impulse","rationale":"Refer to 'that thing', copying, acting on impulse and harsh people.","interference":"Rei no is 'that one'; rei alone is 'example'.","items":[{"id":"w-rei-no","romaji":"rei no","polite":null,"english":"that (you know the one); the usual","use":"Points to something you both already know about, without naming it.","ja":"例の","kana":"れいの","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"rei no ken, dou natta?","ja":"例の件、どうなった？","english":"So what happened with that thing?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"rei no ken wa dou narimashita ka?","ja":"例の件はどうなりましたか？","english":"What happened with that matter we discussed?"},"freqRank":1121,"score":3,"notes":"Rei alone means 'example': rei o ageru = give an example.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":452},{"id":"w-mane-suru","romaji":"mane suru","polite":"mane shimasu","english":"copy; imitate; do an impression of","use":null,"ja":"まねする","kana":"まねする","politeJa":"まねします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"watashi no mane shinaide yo!","ja":"私のまねしないでよ！","english":"Stop copying me!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"watashi no mane o shinaide kudasai.","ja":"私のまねをしないでください。","english":"Please don't copy me."},"freqRank":1804,"score":3,"notes":"The noun mane also means a stunt or behaviour: baka na mane = something stupid.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":453},{"id":"w-ikioi","romaji":"ikioi","polite":null,"english":"momentum; force; energy","use":"Ikioi de = on impulse, carried along by the mood.","ja":"勢い","kana":"いきおい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsui ikioi de katchatta.","ja":"つい勢いで買っちゃった。","english":"I just bought it on impulse."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsui ikioi de katte shimaimashita.","ja":"つい勢いで買ってしまいました。","english":"I got carried away and bought it."},"freqRank":1923,"score":3,"notes":"Also physical force, like rushing water: ikioi yoku = with force, vigorously.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":454},{"id":"w-oni","romaji":"oni","polite":null,"english":"ogre; demon; a harsh, relentless person; 'it' in tag","use":"In talk it often means someone merciless: oni kyoushi = a brutally strict teacher.","ja":"鬼","kana":"おに","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano senpai, maji de oni da yo.","ja":"あの先輩、マジで鬼だよ。","english":"That senior is seriously ruthless."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano senpai wa hontou ni oni desu yo.","ja":"あの先輩は本当に鬼ですよ。","english":"That senior is really harsh."},"freqRank":2443,"score":3,"notes":"Onigokko is the game of tag. Slang prefix for 'super': onikawa = super cute.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":455}],"stage":2,"range":"452-455","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"a-people-6","label":"Odd, open, quiet","rationale":"Lets you sum up someone's personality in a word.","interference":"Sunao (open, accepting) vs shoujiki (not lying); otonashii is behaviour, shizuka is noise.","items":[{"id":"w-kawatteru","romaji":"kawatteru","polite":"kawatte imasu","english":"odd; unusual; quirky","use":"For a person or thing that isn't like the rest; often fond, sometimes a soft way to say weird.","ja":"変わってる","kana":"かわってる","politeJa":"変わっています","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, chotto kawatteru yo ne.","ja":"彼、ちょっと変わってるよね。","english":"He's a bit odd, isn't he?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa chotto kawatte imasu ne.","ja":"彼はちょっと変わっていますね。","english":"He's a bit unusual, isn't he?"},"freqRank":4281,"score":4,"notes":"From kawaru (change); kawatta hito = an odd person. Softer than hen (weird).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":456},{"id":"w-sunao","romaji":"sunao","polite":"sunao desu","english":"open; honest; obedient; straightforward","use":"Takes things as they are without pride or stubbornness: accepts advice, says what they feel.","ja":"素直","kana":"すなお","politeJa":"素直です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sunao ni ayamatta hou ga ii yo.","ja":"素直に謝ったほうがいいよ。","english":"You should just own up and apologize."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sunao ni ayamatta hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"素直に謝ったほうがいいですよ。","english":"You should just own up and apologize."},"freqRank":1221,"score":3,"notes":"Sunao ni ureshii = I'm honestly happy. Shoujiki is honest as in not lying.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":457},{"id":"w-otonashii","romaji":"otonashii","polite":"otonashii desu","english":"quiet; well-behaved; gentle","use":"For people and animals that are calm and make no fuss: a shy kid, a gentle dog.","ja":"おとなしい","kana":"おとなしい","politeJa":"おとなしいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa zuibun otonashii ne.","ja":"今日はずいぶんおとなしいね。","english":"You're awfully quiet today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa zuibun otonashii desu ne.","ja":"今日はずいぶんおとなしいですね。","english":"You're very quiet today."},"freqRank":1571,"score":3,"notes":"Otonashiku shite! = settle down! (to kids). Shizuka is quiet as in no noise.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":458}],"stage":2,"range":"456-458","category":"Adjectives: people"},{"id":"a-people-8","label":"Pushy and cocky","rationale":"Lets you complain about people who nag, act superior, overreact or force things.","interference":"Erasou (acts superior) vs namaiki (cheeky junior); shitsukoi (keeps at it) vs gouin (forces it).","items":[{"id":"w-shitsukoi","romaji":"shitsukoi","polite":"shitsukoi desu","english":"annoyingly persistent; won't let it go; (food) too rich","use":"For someone who keeps asking, calling or nagging.","ja":"しつこい","kana":"しつこい","politeJa":"しつこいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito, nankai mo denwa shite kite shitsukoi.","ja":"あの人、何回も電話してきてしつこい。","english":"That guy keeps calling. He won't give up."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano hito wa nankai mo denwa shite kite, shitsukoi desu.","ja":"あの人は何回も電話してきて、しつこいです。","english":"That person keeps calling. He won't give up."},"freqRank":1476,"score":3,"notes":"Shitsukoi na! = give it a rest! Shitsukoi aji = a heavy, lingering taste.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":459},{"id":"w-erasou","romaji":"erasou","polite":"erasou desu","english":"bossy; full of yourself; acting superior","use":"Criticism of someone who acts important: 'erasou ni iu' = talk down to people.","ja":"偉そう","kana":"えらそう","politeJa":"偉そうです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano senpai, itsumo erasou da yo ne.","ja":"あの先輩、いつも偉そうだよね。","english":"That senior always acts so superior."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano senpai wa itsumo erasou desu ne.","ja":"あの先輩はいつも偉そうですね。","english":"That senior always acts so superior."},"freqRank":1610,"score":3,"notes":"Erai + -sou, but it means 'acts superior', not 'looks admirable'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":460},{"id":"w-oogesa","romaji":"oogesa","polite":"oogesa desu","english":"exaggerated; over the top; overreacting","use":"Usually a reply to someone making a fuss: 'oogesa da na' = you're overreacting.","ja":"大げさ","kana":"おおげさ","politeJa":"大げさです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oogesa da yo, sonna ni itakunai desho.","ja":"大げさだよ、そんなに痛くないでしょ。","english":"You're overreacting, it can't hurt that much."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"oogesa desu yo. sonna ni itakunai deshou.","ja":"大げさですよ。そんなに痛くないでしょう。","english":"You're overreacting. It can't hurt that much."},"freqRank":1904,"score":3,"notes":"Oogesa ni iu = exaggerate when telling something.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":461},{"id":"w-namaiki","romaji":"namaiki","polite":"namaiki desu","english":"cheeky; cocky; mouthy","use":"Said of someone younger or junior acting above their place.","ja":"生意気","kana":"なまいき","politeJa":"生意気です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono ko, chiisai noni namaiki da na.","ja":"この子、小さいのに生意気だな。","english":"This kid is so cheeky for someone so little."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono ko wa chiisai noni namaiki desu ne.","ja":"この子は小さいのに生意気ですね。","english":"This child is quite cheeky for someone so small."},"freqRank":2544,"score":3,"notes":"You call kids and juniors namaiki, never your boss; for anyone acting superior, use erasou.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":462},{"id":"w-gouin","romaji":"gouin","polite":"gouin desu","english":"pushy; forceful; high-handed","use":"Pushing things through without asking others: 'gouin ni kimeta' = forced the decision.","ja":"強引","kana":"ごういん","politeJa":"強引です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, chotto gouin na tokoro aru yo ne.","ja":"彼、ちょっと強引なところあるよね。","english":"He can be a bit pushy, right?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa chotto gouin na tokoro ga arimasu ne.","ja":"彼はちょっと強引なところがありますね。","english":"He can be a bit forceful."},"freqRank":2671,"score":3,"notes":"Shitsukoi is pushy by repeating; gouin is pushy by force. In romance it can be a compliment (assertive).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":463}],"stage":2,"range":"459-463","category":"Adjectives: people"},{"id":"a-things-3","label":"Heavy, light, old, cold","rationale":"Describe things you carry, touch or drink.","interference":"Tsumetai is cold to the touch; cold weather is 'samui'.","items":[{"id":"w-omoi","romaji":"omoi","polite":"omoi desu","english":"heavy; serious, grave","use":null,"ja":"重い","kana":"おもい","politeJa":"重いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono nimotsu, sugoi omoi.","ja":"この荷物、すごい重い。","english":"This bag is super heavy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono nimotsu, sugoku omoi desu.","ja":"この荷物、すごく重いです。","english":"This luggage is very heavy."},"freqRank":1004,"score":4,"notes":"Also heavy-going: 'omoi hanashi' is a heavy topic, and a clingy partner is 'omoi'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":464},{"id":"w-karui","romaji":"karui","polite":"karui desu","english":"light (weight); light, minor","use":null,"ja":"軽い","kana":"かるい","politeJa":"軽いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kasa, sugoi karui ne.","ja":"この傘、すごい軽いね。","english":"This umbrella's really light."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kasa, totemo karui desu ne.","ja":"この傘、とても軽いですね。","english":"This umbrella is very light."},"freqRank":1175,"score":3,"notes":"Not light as in bright; that's 'akarui'. A 'karui hito' is a frivolous person.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":465},{"id":"w-furui","romaji":"furui","polite":"furui desu","english":"old (things); out of date","use":null,"ja":"古い","kana":"ふるい","politeJa":"古いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono pasokon, mou furui yo.","ja":"このパソコン、もう古いよ。","english":"This computer's old now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono pasokon wa mou furui desu.","ja":"このパソコンはもう古いです。","english":"This computer is old now."},"freqRank":1126,"score":4,"notes":"Not for a person's age; said of someone it means old-fashioned. Opposite: 'atarashii'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":466},{"id":"w-tsumetai","romaji":"tsumetai","polite":"tsumetai desu","english":"cold (to touch); cold, unfriendly","use":"For things you touch or drink; cold weather is 'samui'.","ja":"冷たい","kana":"つめたい","politeJa":"冷たいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsumetai nomimono ga hoshii na.","ja":"冷たい飲み物が欲しいな。","english":"I want something cold to drink."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsumetai nomimono ga hoshii desu.","ja":"冷たい飲み物が欲しいです。","english":"I'd like something cold to drink."},"freqRank":1084,"score":4,"notes":"About a person it means cold-hearted: 'Tsumetai ne' is 'That's cold.'","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":467}],"stage":2,"range":"464-467","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-1","label":"Distance and space","rationale":"Say how far a place is and how roomy or huge something is.","interference":"Hiroi and semai are for space; 'ookii' and 'chiisai' are for an object's size.","items":[{"id":"w-chikai","romaji":"chikai","polite":"chikai desu","english":"near, close","use":"'Close to X' is 'X kara chikai' or 'X ni chikai'.","ja":"近い","kana":"ちかい","politeJa":"近いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uchi, eki kara chikai yo.","ja":"うち、駅から近いよ。","english":"My place is close to the station."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"uchi wa eki kara chikai desu.","ja":"うちは駅から近いです。","english":"My home is close to the station."},"freqRank":751,"score":4,"notes":"'The nearby X' is usually 'chikaku no X': 'chikaku no konbini'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":468},{"id":"w-tooi","romaji":"tooi","polite":"tooi desu","english":"far, distant","use":"'Far from X' is 'X kara tooi'.","ja":"遠い","kana":"とおい","politeJa":"遠いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki made chotto tooi yo.","ja":"駅までちょっと遠いよ。","english":"It's a bit far to the station."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki made chotto tooi desu yo.","ja":"駅までちょっと遠いですよ。","english":"It's a little far to the station."},"freqRank":1338,"score":4,"notes":"'Tooku' means far away: 'tooku ni sunde iru' (lives far away).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":469},{"id":"w-hiroi","romaji":"hiroi","polite":"hiroi desu","english":"spacious, roomy; wide","use":"For rooms and areas, where English often says 'big'.","ja":"広い","kana":"ひろい","politeJa":"広いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atarashii heya, kekkou hiroi yo.","ja":"新しい部屋、けっこう広いよ。","english":"My new room is pretty big."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atarashii heya wa kekkou hiroi desu yo.","ja":"新しい部屋はけっこう広いですよ。","english":"The new room is quite spacious."},"freqRank":1347,"score":4,"notes":"A big room is 'hiroi', not 'ookii'; 'ookii' is the size of an object.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":470},{"id":"w-semai","romaji":"semai","polite":"semai desu","english":"small, cramped; narrow","use":"For rooms and spaces, where English says 'small'.","ja":"狭い","kana":"せまい","politeJa":"狭いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uchi, semai kedo douzo.","ja":"うち、狭いけどどうぞ。","english":"My place is small, but come on in."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"semai desu kedo, douzo.","ja":"狭いですけど、どうぞ。","english":"It's a bit cramped, but please come in."},"freqRank":1805,"score":4,"notes":"A small room is 'semai', not 'chiisai'. 'Sekai wa semai' means it's a small world.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":471},{"id":"w-dekai","romaji":"dekai","polite":null,"english":"huge, big","use":"A punchier 'ookii'; often stretched to 'dekkai'.","ja":"でかい","kana":"でかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"i-adj","flags":["casual-only"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uwa, kono hanbaagaa dekai!","ja":"うわ、このハンバーガーでかい！","english":"Whoa, this burger is huge!"},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1836,"score":4,"notes":"In polite speech, say 'ookii'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":472}],"stage":2,"range":"468-472","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-4","label":"Easy, handy, in the way","rationale":"Say whether something makes life easier or gets in the way.","interference":"Raku is 'no effort', not 'easy to understand' ('kantan').","items":[{"id":"w-jama","romaji":"jama","polite":"jama desu","english":"in the way; a nuisance","use":"Said of things blocking you and people interrupting you.","ja":"邪魔","kana":"じゃま","politeJa":"邪魔です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono hako, jama da kara dokete.","ja":"その箱、邪魔だからどけて。","english":"That box is in the way, move it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono hako, jama na node dokete moraemasu ka?","ja":"その箱、邪魔なのでどけてもらえますか。","english":"That box is in the way. Could you move it?"},"freqRank":566,"score":4,"notes":"Also a verb: 'jama shinaide' means 'don't bother me'. 'Ojama shimasu' is what you say entering someone's home.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":473},{"id":"w-raku","romaji":"raku","polite":"raku desu","english":"easy, no effort; comfortable","use":"'Raku ni shite' means 'make yourself comfortable'.","ja":"楽","kana":"らく","politeJa":"楽です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono shigoto, raku da yo.","ja":"この仕事、楽だよ。","english":"This job's easy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono shigoto wa raku desu yo.","ja":"この仕事は楽ですよ。","english":"This job is easy."},"freqRank":890,"score":4,"notes":"Easy as in 'no strain'; an easy test or question is 'kantan'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":474},{"id":"w-choudo-ii","romaji":"choudo ii","polite":"choudo ii desu","english":"just right; good timing","use":"For size, temperature, amount or timing.","ja":"ちょうどいい","kana":"ちょうどいい","politeJa":"ちょうどいいです","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono saizu, choudo ii.","ja":"このサイズ、ちょうどいい。","english":"This size is just right."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono saizu ga choudo ii desu.","ja":"このサイズがちょうどいいです。","english":"This size is just right."},"freqRank":2029,"score":4,"notes":"Changes like 'ii': 'choudo yokatta' (that worked out perfectly).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":475},{"id":"w-benri","romaji":"benri","polite":"benri desu","english":"convenient, handy","use":null,"ja":"便利","kana":"べんり","politeJa":"便利です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono apuri, sugoi benri da yo.","ja":"このアプリ、すごい便利だよ。","english":"This app is really handy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono apuri wa totemo benri desu yo.","ja":"このアプリはとても便利ですよ。","english":"This app is very convenient."},"freqRank":3369,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: 'fuben' (inconvenient).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":476}],"stage":2,"range":"473-476","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-2","label":"Describing a room","rationale":"Comment on a room or place: noise, light, mess and smell.","interference":"Urusai is also 'annoying' and 'Shut up!', not just loud.","items":[{"id":"w-urusai","romaji":"urusai","polite":"urusai desu","english":"noisy, loud; annoying; fussy","use":null,"ja":"うるさい","kana":"うるさい","politeJa":"うるさいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tonari no heya, urusai ne.","ja":"隣の部屋、うるさいね。","english":"The room next door is noisy, huh."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tonari no heya ga urusai desu ne.","ja":"隣の部屋がうるさいですね。","english":"The room next door is noisy, isn't it."},"freqRank":517,"score":4,"notes":"Said alone, 'Urusai!' means 'Shut up!' and is rude. 'Aji ni urusai' means picky about taste.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":477},{"id":"w-shizuka","romaji":"shizuka","polite":"shizuka desu","english":"quiet, calm","use":"'Shizuka ni!' or 'Shizuka ni shite' means 'Be quiet!'","ja":"静か","kana":"しずか","politeJa":"静かです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kafe, shizuka de ii ne.","ja":"このカフェ、静かでいいね。","english":"This cafe is nice and quiet."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kafe wa shizuka de ii desu ne.","ja":"このカフェは静かでいいですね。","english":"This cafe is nice and quiet."},"freqRank":1715,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: 'urusai' (noisy).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":478},{"id":"w-akarui","romaji":"akarui","polite":"akarui desu","english":"bright, well-lit; cheerful","use":"Common for personalities: an 'akarui hito' is an upbeat person.","ja":"明るい","kana":"あかるい","politeJa":"明るいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono heya, akarukute ii ne.","ja":"この部屋、明るくていいね。","english":"This room's nice and bright."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono heya wa akarukute ii desu ne.","ja":"この部屋は明るくていいですね。","english":"This room is nice and bright."},"freqRank":1331,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: 'kurai' (dark; gloomy).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":479},{"id":"w-kitanai","romaji":"kitanai","polite":"kitanai desu","english":"dirty, messy; dirty, unfair","use":"Also for cheating: 'Kitanai!' means 'That's dirty!'","ja":"汚い","kana":"きたない","politeJa":"汚いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, heya kitanai kedo.","ja":"ごめん、部屋汚いけど。","english":"Sorry, my room's a mess."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, heya ga kitanai desu kedo.","ja":"すみません、部屋が汚いですけど。","english":"Sorry, the room is a mess."},"freqRank":1561,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: 'kirei' (clean). Messy handwriting is also 'kitanai'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":480},{"id":"w-kusai","romaji":"kusai","polite":"kusai desu","english":"smelly, stinky; fishy, suspicious","use":"'X kusai' means smells of X: 'tabako kusai'.","ja":"臭い","kana":"くさい","politeJa":"臭いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanka kono heya, kusakunai?","ja":"なんかこの部屋、臭くない？","english":"Doesn't this room smell?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono heya, chotto kusai desu ne.","ja":"この部屋、ちょっと臭いですね。","english":"This room smells a bit."},"freqRank":2804,"score":4,"notes":"As an ending it also means '-ish, seems like': 'mendokusai' (a pain), 'uso kusai' (sounds like a lie).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":481}],"stage":2,"range":"477-481","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-13","label":"Right and obvious","rationale":"Say something is right, obvious, certain or sensible.","interference":"Atarimae is 'of course'; akiraka is 'plain to see'.","items":[{"id":"w-atarimae","romaji":"atarimae","polite":"atarimae desu","english":"obvious, natural; of course","use":"'Atarimae!' or 'Atarimae jan' answers a question with 'Of course!'","ja":"当たり前","kana":"あたりまえ","politeJa":"当たり前です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atarimae jan, tomodachi da mon.","ja":"当たり前じゃん、友達だもん。","english":"Of course, we're friends."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa atarimae desu yo.","ja":"それは当たり前ですよ。","english":"That's only natural."},"freqRank":680,"score":4,"notes":"Said flatly, it can sound like 'Duh.'","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":482},{"id":"w-tadashii","romaji":"tadashii","polite":"tadashii desu","english":"correct, right","use":"For answers, facts and morally right choices.","ja":"正しい","kana":"ただしい","politeJa":"正しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yappari, kotchi ga tadashii yo.","ja":"やっぱり、こっちが正しいよ。","english":"Yeah, this one's right."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yappari, kochira ga tadashii desu.","ja":"やっぱり、こちらが正しいです。","english":"Yes, this one is correct."},"freqRank":1052,"score":3,"notes":"To confirm an answer in casual talk, 'atteru' (that's right) is more common.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":483},{"id":"w-kakujitsu","romaji":"kakujitsu","polite":"kakujitsu desu","english":"certain, sure; reliable","use":"'Kakujitsu ni' means for sure, without fail.","ja":"確実","kana":"かくじつ","politeJa":"確実です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono hou ga kakujitsu da yo.","ja":"この方が確実だよ。","english":"This way's the safer bet."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono hou ga kakujitsu desu yo.","ja":"この方が確実ですよ。","english":"This way is more reliable."},"freqRank":1585,"score":3,"notes":"'Tashika' is the everyday 'sure'; 'kakujitsu' stresses it will definitely happen or work.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":484},{"id":"w-matomo","romaji":"matomo","polite":"matomo desu","english":"decent, proper; sane, sensible","use":"Mostly in complaints: 'matomo na shigoto' (a proper job), 'matomo ja nai' (not normal).","ja":"まとも","kana":"まとも","politeJa":"まともです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou kara matomo na mono tabete nai.","ja":"昨日からまともなもの食べてない。","english":"I haven't had a proper meal since yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou kara matomo na mono o tabete imasen.","ja":"昨日からまともなものを食べていません。","english":"I haven't eaten a proper meal since yesterday."},"freqRank":1865,"score":3,"notes":"'Matomo ni' means properly: 'matomo ni hanasenai' (can't even talk properly).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":485},{"id":"w-akiraka","romaji":"akiraka","polite":"akiraka desu","english":"obvious, clear","use":"Mostly 'akiraka ni' (clearly, obviously).","ja":"明らか","kana":"あきらか","politeJa":"明らかです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, akiraka ni uso da yo.","ja":"それ、明らかに嘘だよ。","english":"That's obviously a lie."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa akiraka ni uso desu yo.","ja":"それは明らかに嘘ですよ。","english":"That's clearly a lie."},"freqRank":1909,"score":3,"notes":"'Atarimae' is 'of course, naturally'; 'akiraka' is 'plain to see'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":486}],"stage":2,"range":"482-486","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-11","label":"Flashy or plain","rationale":"Describe style and how simple or complicated something is.","interference":"Tanjun can call a person simple-minded; shinpuru is the friendly 'simple'.","items":[{"id":"w-hade","romaji":"hade","polite":"hade desu","english":"flashy, loud, showy","use":"For colours and clothes, and for people or lifestyles that stand out.","ja":"派手","kana":"はで","politeJa":"派手です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono shatsu, chotto hade ja nai?","ja":"そのシャツ、ちょっと派手じゃない？","english":"Isn't that shirt a bit loud?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono shatsu, chotto hade ja nai desu ka?","ja":"そのシャツ、ちょっと派手じゃないですか。","english":"Isn't that shirt a little flashy?"},"freqRank":2159,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: 'jimi' (plain).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":487},{"id":"w-jimi","romaji":"jimi","polite":"jimi desu","english":"plain, low-key; dull","use":"For clothes, colours, people and work that don't stand out.","ja":"地味","kana":"じみ","politeJa":"地味です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou no fuku, chotto jimi kana.","ja":"今日の服、ちょっと地味かな。","english":"Is my outfit a bit plain today?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou no fuku wa chotto jimi deshou ka.","ja":"今日の服はちょっと地味でしょうか。","english":"Is today's outfit a little plain?"},"freqRank":2981,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: 'hade' (flashy).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":488},{"id":"w-fukuzatsu","romaji":"fukuzatsu","polite":"fukuzatsu desu","english":"complicated, complex","use":"'Fukuzatsu na kimochi' means mixed feelings.","ja":"複雑","kana":"ふくざつ","politeJa":"複雑です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono setsumei, fukuzatsu de wakannai yo.","ja":"この説明、複雑でわかんないよ。","english":"This explanation is too complicated, I don't get it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono setsumei wa fukuzatsu de wakarimasen.","ja":"この説明は複雑でわかりません。","english":"This explanation is too complicated to follow."},"freqRank":2491,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: 'tanjun' or 'shinpuru'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":489},{"id":"w-tanjun","romaji":"tanjun","polite":"tanjun desu","english":"simple; simple-minded","use":"About a person it means easily led or naive, often teasing.","ja":"単純","kana":"たんじゅん","politeJa":"単純です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, tanjun da kara sugu shinjiru yo.","ja":"彼、単純だからすぐ信じるよ。","english":"He's gullible, he'll believe it right away."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa tanjun na node, sugu shinjimasu yo.","ja":"彼は単純なので、すぐ信じますよ。","english":"He's quite naive, so he'll believe it right away."},"freqRank":2172,"score":3,"notes":"For a simple design or plan, 'shinpuru' is the positive word.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":490},{"id":"w-shinpuru","romaji":"shinpuru","polite":"shinpuru desu","english":"simple, clean (in a good way)","use":"Usually positive: a clean design, an uncomplicated plan.","ja":"シンプル","kana":"シンプル","politeJa":"シンプルです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shinpuru na dezain ga ii na.","ja":"シンプルなデザインがいいな。","english":"I like a simple design."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shinpuru na dezain ga ii desu ne.","ja":"シンプルなデザインがいいですね。","english":"A simple design is nice."},"freqRank":3756,"score":4,"notes":"'Tanjun' about a person can be an insult; 'shinpuru' isn't.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":491}],"stage":2,"range":"487-491","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-16","label":"Quick gut reactions","rationale":"Lets you react out loud to food, drinks and gross things.","interference":"Mazui usually means 'this is bad', not just bad taste.","items":[{"id":"w-kimoi","romaji":"kimoi","polite":null,"english":"gross; creepy","use":"Blunt slang for anything that disgusts or creeps you out, people included.","ja":"キモい","kana":"きもい","politeJa":null,"pos":"i-adj","flags":["slang","casual-only"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uwa, kono mushi kimoi!","ja":"うわ、この虫キモい!","english":"Ugh, this bug is gross!"},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":4580,"score":4,"notes":"Short for kimochi warui, the safer way to say it, which also means 'I feel sick'. Calling a person kimoi is a real insult.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":492},{"id":"w-umai","romaji":"umai","polite":"umai desu","english":"tasty; good at, skilful","use":"A hearty, casual 'delicious', said more by men; also praises someone's skill.","ja":"うまい","kana":"うまい","politeJa":"うまいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono raamen, umai!","ja":"このラーメン、うまい!","english":"This ramen is great!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono raamen, umai desu ne.","ja":"このラーメン、うまいですね。","english":"This ramen is really good."},"freqRank":4925,"score":4,"notes":"Umee is the rough, drawn-out version you hear in dramas. Oishii is the safe default for food; jouzu is politer for skill.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":493},{"id":"w-nurui","romaji":"nurui","polite":"nurui desu","english":"lukewarm; tepid","use":"For drinks, food or bathwater that should be hot or cold but isn't.","ja":"ぬるい","kana":"ぬるい","politeJa":"ぬるいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koohii, nuruku natchatta.","ja":"コーヒー、ぬるくなっちゃった。","english":"My coffee's gone lukewarm."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koohii ga nuruku natte shimaimashita.","ja":"コーヒーがぬるくなってしまいました。","english":"My coffee has gone lukewarm."},"freqRank":8262,"score":3,"notes":"Also means soft or lax, as in a lenient rule or an easy-going approach.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":494}],"stage":2,"range":"492-494","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"adv-manner-2","label":"Definitely, no matter what","rationale":"Lets you promise, insist and invite with conviction.","interference":"Zehi is for wishes and invitations, kanarazu for promises and facts.","items":[{"id":"w-kanarazu","romaji":"kanarazu","polite":null,"english":"without fail; always; for sure","use":"Stresses that something will definitely happen or always does; common in promises.","ja":"必ず","kana":"かならず","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita, kanarazu kuru yo.","ja":"明日、必ず来るよ。","english":"I'll definitely come tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita kanarazu kimasu.","ja":"明日必ず来ます。","english":"I will definitely come tomorrow."},"freqRank":390,"score":4,"notes":"Not for guesses about others; for 'he'll surely come' use kitto.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":495},{"id":"w-doushitemo","romaji":"doushitemo","polite":null,"english":"no matter what; really; just can't","use":"With a positive verb you're set on it; with a negative, you just can't however hard you try.","ja":"どうしても","kana":"どうしても","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"doushitemo ikitai n da.","ja":"どうしても行きたいんだ。","english":"I really want to go, no matter what."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"doushitemo ikitai n desu.","ja":"どうしても行きたいんです。","english":"I really do want to go."},"freqRank":543,"score":4,"notes":"Doushitemo omoidasenai: 'I just can't remember it.'","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":496},{"id":"w-machigai-nai","romaji":"machigai nai","polite":"machigai arimasen","english":"no doubt about it; definitely; a sure bet","use":"Confirms something is certain, or praises something you can't go wrong with.","ja":"間違いない","kana":"まちがいない","politeJa":"間違いありません","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono mise wa machigai nai yo.","ja":"この店は間違いないよ。","english":"This place is a sure bet."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono mise wa machigai arimasen yo.","ja":"この店は間違いありませんよ。","english":"You can't go wrong with this place."},"freqRank":882,"score":3,"notes":"Also after a noun: kare ni machigai nai, 'it's definitely him'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":497},{"id":"w-zehi","romaji":"zehi","polite":null,"english":"by all means; definitely; I'd love to","use":"Adds warmth to invitations, requests and wishes; zehi! alone is 'I'd love to!'.","ja":"ぜひ","kana":"ぜひ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kondo zehi asobi ni kite yo.","ja":"今度ぜひ遊びに来てよ。","english":"You should definitely come over sometime."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kondo zehi asobi ni kite kudasai.","ja":"今度ぜひ遊びに来てください。","english":"Please do come and visit sometime."},"freqRank":1143,"score":4,"notes":"Only for things you want or ask for, not predictions; for 'it'll definitely rain' use kitto.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":498}],"stage":2,"range":"495-498","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-15","label":"As expected or not","rationale":"Lets you compare things with what you'd expect.","interference":"Masa ni (exactly) sounds like masaka (no way!), and sasuga ni differs from sasuga (well done!).","items":[{"id":"w-marude","romaji":"marude","polite":null,"english":"just like; as if; (not) at all","use":"Sets up a comparison that ends in mitai or you na.","ja":"まるで","kana":"まるで","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"marude yume mitai.","ja":"まるで夢みたい。","english":"It's like a dream."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"marude yume no you desu.","ja":"まるで夢のようです。","english":"It's just like a dream."},"freqRank":862,"score":3,"notes":"With a negative it means 'not at all': marude wakaranai, 'I don't get it at all'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":499},{"id":"w-sasuga-ni","romaji":"sasuga ni","polite":null,"english":"understandably; even so; as you'd expect","use":"Says something has gone past a reasonable limit, so the reaction is natural.","ja":"さすがに","kana":"さすがに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sasuga ni sore wa muri da yo.","ja":"さすがにそれは無理だよ。","english":"Come on, that's really asking too much."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sasuga ni sore wa muri desu yo.","ja":"さすがにそれは無理ですよ。","english":"That really is too much to ask."},"freqRank":1098,"score":4,"notes":"Sasuga alone is praise, 'just what I'd expect of you!'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":500},{"id":"w-masa-ni","romaji":"masa ni","polite":null,"english":"exactly; precisely; truly","use":"Stresses a perfect match: this is precisely it.","ja":"まさに","kana":"まさに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"masa ni sore ga iitakatta n da yo.","ja":"まさにそれが言いたかったんだよ。","english":"That's exactly what I wanted to say."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"masa ni sore ga iitakatta n desu.","ja":"まさにそれが言いたかったんです。","english":"That's exactly what I meant to say."},"freqRank":1327,"score":3,"notes":"Don't mix with masaka, 'no way!'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":501},{"id":"w-angai","romaji":"angai","polite":null,"english":"surprisingly; more than expected","use":"When something turns out different from what you assumed, usually better or easier.","ja":"案外","kana":"あんがい","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"angai oishii ne, kore.","ja":"案外おいしいね、これ。","english":"This is surprisingly good."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore, angai oishii desu ne.","ja":"これ、案外おいしいですね。","english":"This is surprisingly tasty."},"freqRank":2402,"score":3,"notes":"Igai to means the same and is a bit more common in speech.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":502}],"stage":2,"range":"499-502","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-14","label":"Of course, actually, apparently","rationale":"Lets you frame a fact as obvious, real, inferred or unfortunate.","interference":"Douyara is a guess from evidence; jissai states what is really so.","items":[{"id":"w-touzen","romaji":"touzen","polite":"touzen desu","english":"natural; only to be expected; of course","use":"Says something is obvious or deserved; touzen desho is 'obviously!'.","ja":"当然","kana":"とうぜん","politeJa":"当然です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okotte touzen da yo.","ja":"怒って当然だよ。","english":"You've every right to be angry."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okotte touzen desu yo.","ja":"怒って当然ですよ。","english":"You have every right to be angry."},"freqRank":746,"score":3,"notes":"Also an adverb: touzen shitteru, 'of course I know'. Touzen desho! can sound smug.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":503},{"id":"w-jissai","romaji":"jissai","polite":null,"english":"actually; in reality; in practice","use":"Contrasts reality with expectations or claims; also opens a sentence, 'honestly...'.","ja":"実際","kana":"じっさい","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jissai yatte miru to, muzukashii yo.","ja":"実際やってみると、難しいよ。","english":"Once you actually try it, it's hard."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jissai yatte miru to, muzukashii desu yo.","ja":"実際やってみると、難しいですよ。","english":"When you actually try it, it's difficult."},"freqRank":1110,"score":4,"notes":"Jissai ni means the same.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":504},{"id":"w-douyara","romaji":"douyara","polite":null,"english":"apparently; it seems","use":"Draws a conclusion from what you've seen or heard; usually ends with mitai or rashii.","ja":"どうやら","kana":"どうやら","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"douyara michi o machigaeta mitai.","ja":"どうやら道を間違えたみたい。","english":"Looks like we took a wrong turn."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"douyara michi o machigaeta you desu.","ja":"どうやら道を間違えたようです。","english":"It seems we've taken the wrong road."},"freqRank":1812,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":505},{"id":"w-zannen-nagara","romaji":"zannen nagara","polite":null,"english":"unfortunately; regrettably","use":"Softens bad news at the start of a sentence; a little formal.","ja":"残念ながら","kana":"ざんねんながら","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zannen nagara, urikire datte.","ja":"残念ながら、売り切れだって。","english":"Unfortunately, they say it's sold out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"zannen nagara, urikire da sou desu.","ja":"残念ながら、売り切れだそうです。","english":"Unfortunately, it seems they're sold out."},"freqRank":2032,"score":3,"notes":"In casual chat people often just say zannen! 'what a shame'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":506}],"stage":2,"range":"503-506","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-10","label":"Sooner or later","rationale":"Lets you talk about a vague future and how long things last.","interference":"Sono uchi 'sometime soon' and ima no uchi 'while you still can' sound alike.","items":[{"id":"w-sono-uchi","romaji":"sono uchi","polite":null,"english":"one of these days; sooner or later; soon","use":"A vague future, from 'soon' to 'eventually'; also a soft way to put things off.","ja":"そのうち","kana":"そのうち","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono uchi nomi ni ikou yo.","ja":"そのうち飲みに行こうよ。","english":"Let's go for a drink one of these days."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono uchi nomi ni ikimashou.","ja":"そのうち飲みに行きましょう。","english":"Let's go for a drink sometime."},"freqRank":1274,"score":4,"notes":"Sono uchi naoru yo, 'it'll get better soon', is a common reassurance.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":507},{"id":"w-itsu-made-mo","romaji":"itsu made mo","polite":null,"english":"forever; for as long as; endlessly","use":"Warm when wishing ('always'), impatient when complaining ('how long are you going to...').","ja":"いつまでも","kana":"いつまでも","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"itsu made mo kuyokuyo shinaide.","ja":"いつまでもくよくよしないで。","english":"Don't keep brooding over it forever."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"itsu made mo kuyokuyo shinaide kudasai.","ja":"いつまでもくよくよしないでください。","english":"Please don't keep dwelling on it."},"freqRank":1272,"score":3,"notes":"Itsu made? alone asks 'until when?'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":508},{"id":"w-izure","romaji":"izure","polite":null,"english":"sooner or later; someday; eventually","use":"A firm, slightly formal 'eventually' for things bound to happen.","ja":"いずれ","kana":"いずれ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"izure bareru yo.","ja":"いずれバレるよ。","english":"It'll come out sooner or later."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"izure baremasu yo.","ja":"いずれバレますよ。","english":"It'll come out eventually."},"freqRank":1716,"score":3,"notes":"Sono uchi is vaguer and more casual.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":509},{"id":"w-ima-no-uchi","romaji":"ima no uchi","polite":null,"english":"while you can; now, before it's too late","use":"Urges doing something now while there's still the chance; usually ima no uchi ni.","ja":"今のうち","kana":"いまのうち","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima no uchi ni tabete okou.","ja":"今のうちに食べておこう。","english":"Let's eat now while we can."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima no uchi ni tabete okimashou.","ja":"今のうちに食べておきましょう。","english":"Let's eat while we have the chance."},"freqRank":2852,"score":4,"notes":"Often pairs with -te oku, doing something in advance.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":510}],"stage":2,"range":"507-510","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-5","label":"On purpose or forced","rationale":"Lets you say whether something was intended, forced or a kind effort.","interference":"Wazawaza (kindly went out of your way) and wazato (did it on purpose) are easy to swap.","items":[{"id":"w-wazawaza","romaji":"wazawaza","polite":null,"english":"going out of your way; all the way; specially","use":"Thanks someone for trouble they took, or grumbles that the effort wasn't needed.","ja":"わざわざ","kana":"わざわざ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"wazawaza kite kurete arigatou.","ja":"わざわざ来てくれてありがとう。","english":"Thanks for coming all this way."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"wazawaza kite kudasatte arigatou gozaimasu.","ja":"わざわざ来てくださってありがとうございます。","english":"Thank you so much for taking the trouble to come."},"freqRank":587,"score":4,"notes":"Don't mix with wazato, which means on purpose, usually something bad.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":511},{"id":"w-wazato","romaji":"wazato","polite":null,"english":"on purpose; deliberately","use":"Usually about something mean or wrong done intentionally; common in accusations and denials.","ja":"わざと","kana":"わざと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"wazato ja nai yo!","ja":"わざとじゃないよ!","english":"I didn't do it on purpose!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"wazato ja nai n desu.","ja":"わざとじゃないんです。","english":"I didn't mean to."},"freqRank":1378,"score":4,"notes":"Wazawaza is 'going out of your way', often kind; wazato is deliberate, often bad.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":512},{"id":"w-muriyari","romaji":"muriyari","polite":null,"english":"by force; against someone's will","use":"Making someone do something, or pushing something through, despite resistance.","ja":"無理やり","kana":"むりやり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"muriyari tsurete korareta.","ja":"無理やり連れてこられた。","english":"I got dragged along against my will."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"muriyari tsurete koraremashita.","ja":"無理やり連れてこられました。","english":"I was dragged here against my will."},"freqRank":2002,"score":3,"notes":"Also for forcing things, like cramming a bag shut or eating when you're full.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":513},{"id":"w-aete","romaji":"aete","polite":null,"english":"deliberately; dare to; choose to","use":"Choosing to do something unusual or harder on purpose, knowing the easy option.","ja":"あえて","kana":"あえて","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aete nani mo iwanakatta.","ja":"あえて何も言わなかった。","english":"I deliberately didn't say anything."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"aete nani mo iimasen deshita.","ja":"あえて何も言いませんでした。","english":"I chose not to say anything."},"freqRank":2295,"score":3,"notes":"Unlike wazato, aete is a considered choice, not mischief.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":514}],"stage":2,"range":"511-514","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-6","label":"By chance","rationale":"Lets you talk about luck, coincidence and unlikely possibilities.","interference":"Tamatama sounds like tama ni, 'occasionally'.","items":[{"id":"w-guuzen","romaji":"guuzen","polite":null,"english":"by chance; coincidence","use":"Works as 'by chance' and as the noun 'a coincidence': guuzen da ne! is 'what a coincidence!'.","ja":"偶然","kana":"ぐうぜん","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki de guuzen sensei ni atta.","ja":"駅で偶然先生に会った。","english":"I ran into my teacher at the station by chance."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki de guuzen sensei ni aimashita.","ja":"駅で偶然先生に会いました。","english":"I happened to run into my teacher at the station."},"freqRank":1011,"score":3,"notes":"Tamatama means much the same and is softer and more casual.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":515},{"id":"w-tamatama","romaji":"tamatama","polite":null,"english":"by chance; happened to","use":"Casual way to say something came about by luck, often to play it down.","ja":"たまたま","kana":"たまたま","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tamatama chikaku ni ita kara.","ja":"たまたま近くにいたから。","english":"I just happened to be nearby."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tamatama chikaku ni ita n desu.","ja":"たまたま近くにいたんです。","english":"I just happened to be in the area."},"freqRank":1139,"score":4,"notes":"Don't confuse with tama ni, 'occasionally'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":516},{"id":"w-mangaichi","romaji":"mangaichi","polite":null,"english":"if by some chance; in the unlikely event","use":"For a rare worst case you're preparing for, usually with -tara or no toki.","ja":"万が一","kana":"まんがいち","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mangaichi okuretara, renraku shite.","ja":"万が一遅れたら、連絡して。","english":"If by some chance you're late, let me know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mangaichi okuretara, renraku shite kudasai.","ja":"万が一遅れたら、連絡してください。","english":"Should you be late, please let me know."},"freqRank":2344,"score":3,"notes":"Literally 'one in ten thousand'; mangaichi no toki means 'in an emergency'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":517},{"id":"w-hyotto-shite","romaji":"hyotto shite","polite":null,"english":"by any chance; maybe","use":"Opens a hesitant guess or question, often when you suspect something.","ja":"ひょっとして","kana":"ひょっとして","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hyotto shite, okotteru?","ja":"ひょっとして、怒ってる?","english":"Are you angry, by any chance?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hyotto shite, okotte imasu ka?","ja":"ひょっとして、怒っていますか?","english":"Are you upset, by any chance?"},"freqRank":2612,"score":3,"notes":"Moshikashite means the same and is more common.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":518}],"stage":2,"range":"515-518","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-12","label":"Grumbles and hassles","rationale":"Lets you complain about fussing, bad timing and hassle.","interference":"Fuben is for things and places, not for a time that doesn't suit you.","items":[{"id":"w-ichiichi","romaji":"ichiichi","polite":null,"english":"every single time; one by one","use":"Mostly a complaint about fussing over every little thing.","ja":"いちいち","kana":"いちいち","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ichiichi kikanakute ii yo.","ja":"いちいち聞かなくていいよ。","english":"You don't have to ask me every single time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ichiichi kikanakute mo ii desu yo.","ja":"いちいち聞かなくてもいいですよ。","english":"You don't need to ask me every time."},"freqRank":1609,"score":4,"notes":"Ichiichi urusai! 'stop nitpicking!' is a stock retort.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":519},{"id":"w-imasara","romaji":"imasara","polite":null,"english":"now (when it's too late); after all this time","use":"Complains that something comes far too late to matter.","ja":"今更","kana":"いまさら","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"imasara ayamatte mo osoi yo.","ja":"今更謝っても遅いよ。","english":"It's too late to apologize now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"imasara ayamatte mo osoi desu yo.","ja":"今更謝っても遅いですよ。","english":"Apologizing now is too late."},"freqRank":1919,"score":3,"notes":"Imasara kikenai means it's too awkward to ask now, for things you should already know.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":520},{"id":"w-yayakoshii","romaji":"yayakoshii","polite":"yayakoshii desu","english":"complicated; confusing","use":"For things that are a tangle to follow or sort out, like rules, plans or who's dating whom.","ja":"ややこしい","kana":"ややこしい","politeJa":"ややこしいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono setsumei, yayakoshii na.","ja":"この説明、ややこしいな。","english":"These instructions are confusing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono setsumei wa chotto yayakoshii desu ne.","ja":"この説明はちょっとややこしいですね。","english":"These instructions are a bit confusing."},"freqRank":4213,"score":4,"notes":"Fukuzatsu also means complicated but is neutral; yayakoshii adds a note of annoyance.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":521},{"id":"w-fuben","romaji":"fuben","polite":"fuben desu","english":"inconvenient","use":"For places, tools or setups that make life harder; the opposite of benri.","ja":"不便","kana":"ふべん","politeJa":"不便です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko, eki kara tookute fuben da yo.","ja":"ここ、駅から遠くて不便だよ。","english":"It's far from the station here, so it's a pain."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa eki kara tookute fuben desu.","ja":"ここは駅から遠くて不便です。","english":"It's inconvenient here because it's far from the station."},"freqRank":6936,"score":3,"notes":"Not for a time that doesn't suit you; for that, say tsugou ga warui.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":522}],"stage":2,"range":"519-522","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-19","label":"Giving it everything","rationale":"Lets you say you'll go all out, together, and manage somehow.","interference":"Seiippai is careful best effort; omoikkiri is holding nothing back.","items":[{"id":"w-seiippai","romaji":"seiippai","polite":null,"english":"as hard as you can; your very best","use":"Full effort within your limits; seiippai ganbaru.","ja":"精いっぱい","kana":"せいいっぱい","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"seiippai ganbaru yo.","ja":"精いっぱい頑張るよ。","english":"I'll do my very best."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"seiippai ganbarimasu.","ja":"精いっぱい頑張ります。","english":"I'll give it my all."},"freqRank":2999,"score":4,"notes":"Kore ga seiippai = this is all I can manage.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":523},{"id":"w-omoikkiri","romaji":"omoikkiri","polite":null,"english":"with all your might; to your heart's content","use":"Holding nothing back: omoikkiri asobu, omoikkiri naku.","ja":"思いっきり","kana":"おもいっきり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa omoikkiri asobou!","ja":"今日は思いっきり遊ぼう！","english":"Let's have all the fun we can today!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa omoikkiri asobimashou!","ja":"今日は思いっきり遊びましょう！","english":"Let's enjoy ourselves to the full today!"},"freqRank":3668,"score":4,"notes":"Casual form of omoikiri.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":524},{"id":"w-otagai","romaji":"otagai","polite":null,"english":"each other; both of us","use":"Often otagai ni (to each other), or alone meaning 'we both'.","ja":"お互い","kana":"おたがい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"otagai ganbarou ne.","ja":"お互い頑張ろうね。","english":"Let's both hang in there."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"otagai ganbarimashou.","ja":"お互い頑張りましょう。","english":"Let's both do our best."},"freqRank":4961,"score":4,"notes":"Otagaisama desu = we're in the same boat (reply to thanks or an apology).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":525},{"id":"w-dou-ni-ka","romaji":"dou ni ka","polite":null,"english":"somehow; one way or another","use":"Managing despite difficulty: dou ni ka naru (it'll work out).","ja":"どうにか","kana":"どうにか","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dou ni ka ma ni atta.","ja":"どうにか間に合った。","english":"Somehow I made it in time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dou ni ka ma ni aimashita.","ja":"どうにか間に合いました。","english":"I managed to make it in time."},"freqRank":2957,"score":3,"notes":"Dou ni ka shite! = do something about it! Nantoka is a close, very common synonym.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":526},{"id":"w-tekkiri","romaji":"tekkiri","polite":null,"english":"I was sure (but wrong); I just assumed","use":"Always a belief that turned out wrong, usually tekkiri ... to omotta.","ja":"てっきり","kana":"てっきり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tekkiri yasumi da to omotta.","ja":"てっきり休みだと思った。","english":"I was sure it was a day off."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tekkiri yasumi da to omoimashita.","ja":"てっきり休みだと思いました。","english":"I was certain it was a holiday."},"freqRank":2954,"score":3,"notes":"Often followed by the correction: ...kedo, chigatta (...but I was wrong).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":527}],"stage":2,"range":"523-527","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-degree-8","label":"Quite a lot","rationale":"Lets you say something has changed a lot or is seriously so.","interference":"Sukkari (completely) sounds like sukkiri (refreshed).","items":[{"id":"w-daibu","romaji":"daibu","polite":null,"english":"a lot; much; considerably","use":"Usually about change or progress: daibu yoku natta, daibu nareta.","ja":"だいぶ","kana":"だいぶ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaze, daibu yoku natta yo.","ja":"風邪、だいぶよくなったよ。","english":"My cold's a lot better."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaze wa daibu yoku narimashita.","ja":"風邪はだいぶよくなりました。","english":"My cold is much better."},"freqRank":1236,"score":4,"notes":"For a plain 'very' with an adjective, use totemo.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":528},{"id":"w-sukkari","romaji":"sukkari","polite":null,"english":"completely; totally","use":"A state that has fully changed: sukkari wasureta, sukkari kawatta.","ja":"すっかり","kana":"すっかり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, sukkari wasureteta.","ja":"ごめん、すっかり忘れてた。","english":"Sorry, I totally forgot."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, sukkari wasurete imashita.","ja":"すみません、すっかり忘れていました。","english":"I'm sorry, it completely slipped my mind."},"freqRank":1314,"score":4,"notes":"Don't mix with sukkiri (refreshed).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":529},{"id":"w-soutou","romaji":"soutou","polite":null,"english":"considerably; seriously; worth (after an amount)","use":"Stresses a high degree, often of something bad or impressive.","ja":"相当","kana":"そうとう","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, soutou okotteta yo.","ja":"彼、相当怒ってたよ。","english":"He was seriously mad."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa soutou okotte imashita yo.","ja":"彼は相当怒っていましたよ。","english":"He was quite angry."},"freqRank":1251,"score":3,"notes":"After an amount it means 'worth': ichiman'en soutou (worth 10,000 yen).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":530},{"id":"w-yoppodo","romaji":"yoppodo","polite":null,"english":"(must be) really; much more","use":"Guesses at a high degree from what you see: yoppodo tsukareteru n da ne (you must be really tired).","ja":"よっぽど","kana":"よっぽど","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yoppodo onaka suiteta n da ne.","ja":"よっぽどお腹すいてたんだね。","english":"You must have been really hungry."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yoppodo onaka ga suite ita n desu ne.","ja":"よっぽどお腹がすいていたんですね。","english":"You must have been very hungry."},"freqRank":1817,"score":3,"notes":"In comparisons, 'way more': kotchi no hou ga yoppodo ii (this one's way better). Casual form of yohodo.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":531}],"stage":2,"range":"528-531","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-degree-6","label":"Enough and complete","rationale":"Lets you say something is enough, plenty, nearly done or totally done.","interference":"Juubun (enough) and juppun (ten minutes) share the same kanji.","items":[{"id":"w-juubun","romaji":"juubun","polite":"juubun desu","english":"enough; plenty; fully","use":"Mou juubun politely turns down more food or help.","ja":"十分","kana":"じゅうぶん","politeJa":"十分です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou juubun da yo, arigatou.","ja":"もう十分だよ、ありがとう。","english":"That's plenty, thanks."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou juubun desu, arigatou gozaimasu.","ja":"もう十分です、ありがとうございます。","english":"I've had plenty, thank you."},"freqRank":638,"score":4,"notes":"The same kanji read juppun means ten minutes.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":532},{"id":"w-hobo","romaji":"hobo","polite":null,"english":"almost; nearly; pretty much","use":"Very nearly all or complete: hobo owatta, hobo mainichi.","ja":"ほぼ","kana":"ほぼ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shukudai, hobo owatta.","ja":"宿題、ほぼ終わった。","english":"My homework's almost done."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shukudai wa hobo owarimashita.","ja":"宿題はほぼ終わりました。","english":"I've nearly finished my homework."},"freqRank":1912,"score":4,"notes":"Close to hotondo (almost all); hobo mainichi = nearly every day.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":533},{"id":"w-kanzen","romaji":"kanzen","polite":"kanzen desu","english":"complete; perfect; (kanzen ni) completely","use":"Mostly kanzen ni before a verb or adjective: totally, 100%.","ja":"完全","kana":"かんぜん","politeJa":"完全です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanzen ni michi ni mayotta.","ja":"完全に道に迷った。","english":"We're completely lost."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanzen ni michi ni mayoimashita.","ja":"完全に道に迷いました。","english":"I've got completely lost."},"freqRank":829,"score":3,"notes":"Sukkari is softer and about change; kanzen ni is blunt and absolute.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":534},{"id":"w-tappuri","romaji":"tappuri","polite":null,"english":"plenty; lots; generously","use":"A generous, full amount, often of food, time or sleep.","ja":"たっぷり","kana":"たっぷり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou wa tappuri neta.","ja":"昨日はたっぷり寝た。","english":"I got plenty of sleep last night."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou wa tappuri nemashita.","ja":"昨日はたっぷり寝ました。","english":"I slept plenty last night."},"freqRank":2446,"score":3,"notes":"Jikan wa tappuri aru = there's plenty of time.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":535}],"stage":2,"range":"532-535","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-degree-1","label":"Asking how much","rationale":"Lets you ask how much or how long, and push a question with surprise.","interference":"Dore gurai is neutral; dore dake and donna ni are usually emotional.","items":[{"id":"w-dore-gurai","romaji":"dore gurai","polite":null,"english":"how much; how long; how many","use":"The everyday question for any amount, time or distance; dore kurai is the same word.","ja":"どれぐらい","kana":"どれぐらい","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki made dore gurai kakaru?","ja":"駅までどれぐらいかかる？","english":"How long does it take to get to the station?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki made dore gurai kakarimasu ka?","ja":"駅までどれぐらいかかりますか？","english":"How long does it take to get to the station?"},"freqRank":3580,"score":5,"notes":"For a rough answer, put gurai after the number: juppun gurai (about ten minutes).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":536},{"id":"w-dore-dake","romaji":"dore dake","polite":null,"english":"how much; how far","use":"Usually emotional: how much someone worried, waited or cared, not a neutral measurement.","ja":"どれだけ","kana":"どれだけ","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dore dake shinpai shita to omotteru no?","ja":"どれだけ心配したと思ってるの？","english":"Do you know how worried I was?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dore dake shinpai shita to omotte iru n desu ka?","ja":"どれだけ心配したと思っているんですか？","english":"Do you have any idea how worried I was?"},"freqRank":1188,"score":3,"notes":"For a plain question about amount or time, dore gurai is more usual.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":537},{"id":"w-donna-ni","romaji":"donna ni","polite":null,"english":"no matter how; how (very) much","use":"Usually with -te mo: donna ni ganbatte mo (no matter how hard I try).","ja":"どんなに","kana":"どんなに","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"donna ni isogashikute mo, asagohan wa taberu yo.","ja":"どんなに忙しくても、朝ごはんは食べるよ。","english":"No matter how busy I am, I eat breakfast."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"donna ni isogashikute mo, asagohan wa tabemasu.","ja":"どんなに忙しくても、朝ごはんは食べます。","english":"No matter how busy I am, I eat breakfast."},"freqRank":3341,"score":4,"notes":"Also in exclamations: donna ni ureshikatta ka (you can't imagine how happy I was).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":538}],"stage":2,"range":"536-538","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-3","label":"Just right","rationale":"Lets you say something fits, works or feels just right.","interference":"Sukkiri is about feeling clear, not about fit.","items":[{"id":"w-pittari","romaji":"pittari","polite":null,"english":"exactly; a perfect fit; just right","use":"A perfect match in size, timing or suitability: pittari no hito (the perfect person).","ja":"ぴったり","kana":"ぴったり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kutsu, saizu pittari!","ja":"この靴、サイズぴったり！","english":"These shoes fit perfectly!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kutsu wa saizu ga pittari desu.","ja":"この靴はサイズがぴったりです。","english":"These shoes are exactly my size."},"freqRank":2786,"score":4,"notes":"Also exact amounts or times: pittari sen'en (exactly 1,000 yen).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":539},{"id":"w-batchiri","romaji":"batchiri","polite":null,"english":"perfect; all set; nailed it","use":"Casual 'perfectly done' or 'fully ready': junbi batchiri.","ja":"バッチリ","kana":"ばっちり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"junbi wa batchiri da yo.","ja":"準備はバッチリだよ。","english":"I'm all set."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"junbi wa batchiri desu.","ja":"準備はバッチリです。","english":"Everything's ready."},"freqRank":4488,"score":4,"notes":"Pittari is about fit; batchiri is about things going or looking just right.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":540},{"id":"w-sukkiri-suru","romaji":"sukkiri suru","polite":"sukkiri shimasu","english":"feel refreshed; feel better; look neat","use":"Relief once something is off your chest or out of the way; also a tidy, uncluttered look.","ja":"すっきりする","kana":"すっきりする","politeJa":"すっきりします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zenbu hanashitara sukkiri shita.","ja":"全部話したらすっきりした。","english":"I feel so much better after telling you everything."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"zenbu hanashitara sukkiri shimashita.","ja":"全部話したらすっきりしました。","english":"I feel much better now that I've said it all."},"freqRank":2905,"score":4,"notes":"Don't mix with sukkari (completely). Heya ga sukkiri shita = the room looks neat now.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":541}],"stage":2,"range":"539-541","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-7","label":"Lazing and wandering","rationale":"Lets you say you lazed around or wandered about.","interference":"Burabura is strolling for fun; urouro is aimless or suspicious.","items":[{"id":"w-gorogoro","romaji":"gorogoro","polite":null,"english":"lazing around; rumbling","use":"Usually gorogoro suru: lying around at home doing nothing.","ja":"ゴロゴロ","kana":"ごろごろ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyuujitsu wa uchi de gorogoro shiteta.","ja":"休日はうちでゴロゴロしてた。","english":"I just lazed around at home on my day off."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyuujitsu wa ie de gorogoro shite imashita.","ja":"休日は家でゴロゴロしていました。","english":"I just lazed around at home on my day off."},"freqRank":7817,"score":4,"notes":"Also thunder rumbling (kaminari ga gorogoro), a cat purring, or lots of something lying about.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":542},{"id":"w-daradara","romaji":"daradara","polite":null,"english":"lazily; dragging on","use":"For slacking with no purpose, or something that drags on too long, like a meeting.","ja":"ダラダラ","kana":"だらだら","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou ichinichi daradara shichatta.","ja":"今日一日ダラダラしちゃった。","english":"I wasted the whole day lazing about."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa ichinichi daradara shite shimaimashita.","ja":"今日は一日ダラダラしてしまいました。","english":"I wasted the whole day lazing about."},"freqRank":9779,"score":4,"notes":"Gorogoro is lying around; daradara is slack and unfocused. Also sweat or blood running: ase ga daradara.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":543},{"id":"w-urouro","romaji":"urouro","polite":null,"english":"hanging around; wandering aimlessly","use":"Moving back and forth in one area, lost or loitering; can sound suspicious.","ja":"うろうろ","kana":"うろうろ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hen na hito ga ie no mae o urouro shiteta.","ja":"変な人が家の前をうろうろしてた。","english":"Some weird guy was hanging around outside the house."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hen na hito ga ie no mae o urouro shite imashita.","ja":"変な人が家の前をうろうろしていました。","english":"A suspicious person was hanging around outside the house."},"freqRank":10189,"score":3,"notes":"Burabura is strolling for fun; urouro is aimless, lost or up to no good.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":544},{"id":"w-burabura","romaji":"burabura","polite":null,"english":"strolling around; idling","use":"Usually burabura suru: wandering with no plan, or idling without a job.","ja":"ぶらぶら","kana":"ぶらぶら","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ekimae o burabura shite kaetta.","ja":"駅前をぶらぶらして帰った。","english":"I wandered around near the station, then went home."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ekimae o burabura shite kaerimashita.","ja":"駅前をぶらぶらして帰りました。","english":"I wandered around near the station, then went home."},"freqRank":15567,"score":3,"notes":"Also something dangling or swinging, like legs from a high chair.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":545}],"stage":2,"range":"542-545","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"connect-5","label":"Reasons and conclusions","rationale":"Lets you get to the root of things and draw conclusions.","interference":"Dakara koso (exactly why) vs dakara tte (just because ... doesn't mean).","items":[{"id":"w-somosomo","romaji":"somosomo","polite":null,"english":"in the first place; to begin with","use":"Goes back to the root of a problem, often to question or blame.","ja":"そもそも","kana":"そもそも","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"somosomo, nande koko ni iru no?","ja":"そもそも、なんでここにいるの?","english":"Why are you even here in the first place?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"somosomo, doushite koko ni iru n desu ka?","ja":"そもそも、どうしてここにいるんですか?","english":"Why are you here in the first place?"},"freqRank":767,"score":4,"notes":"Often sounds like a challenge; in calm talk it just means 'originally' (somosomo no genin, the root cause).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":546},{"id":"w-tte-koto-wa","romaji":"tte koto wa","polite":null,"english":"so that means","use":"Draws a conclusion from what the other person just said, often to check it.","ja":"ってことは","kana":"ってことは","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":["casual-only"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tte koto wa, kare mo kuru n da.","ja":"ってことは、彼も来るんだ。","english":"So that means he's coming too."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1037,"score":4,"notes":"The polite form is to iu koto wa. Ending a sentence with ... tte koto? checks: 'You mean ...?'","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":547},{"id":"w-dakara-koso","romaji":"dakara koso","polite":null,"english":"that's exactly why","use":"Turns a reason around: the very thing mentioned is the reason, often against expectation.","ja":"だからこそ","kana":"だからこそ","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"muzukashii yo. dakara koso yaritai n da.","ja":"難しいよ。だからこそやりたいんだ。","english":"It's hard. That's exactly why I want to do it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"muzukashii desu. dakara koso yaritai n desu.","ja":"難しいです。だからこそやりたいんです。","english":"It's hard. That's exactly why I want to do it."},"freqRank":1419,"score":3,"notes":"Koso stresses 'that very one': kochira koso (no, I should be thanking you).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":548},{"id":"w-sore-koso","romaji":"sore koso","polite":null,"english":"that's exactly it; literally, practically","use":"Points back hard at what was said: that would truly be X.","ja":"それこそ","kana":"それこそ","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima yametara, sore koso muda ni naru yo.","ja":"今やめたら、それこそ無駄になるよ。","english":"If you quit now, then it really would be a waste."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima yametara, sore koso muda ni narimasu yo.","ja":"今やめたら、それこそ無駄になりますよ。","english":"If you quit now, then it really would be a waste."},"freqRank":2301,"score":3,"notes":"Also an intensifier before an example: sore koso mainichi (literally every day).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":549}],"stage":2,"range":"546-549","category":"Connectors"},{"id":"connect-2","label":"Adding and choosing","rationale":"Lets you add another point or offer a choice.","interference":"Sore to (and also) and sore to mo (or) differ by one syllable.","items":[{"id":"w-shikamo","romaji":"shikamo","polite":null,"english":"and what's more; on top of that","use":"Adds a second point that makes the first stronger, good or bad.","ja":"しかも","kana":"しかも","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano mise yasui shi, shikamo oishii yo.","ja":"あの店安いし、しかもおいしいよ。","english":"That place is cheap, and what's more it's good."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano mise wa yasukute, shikamo oishii desu yo.","ja":"あの店は安くて、しかもおいしいですよ。","english":"That place is cheap, and what's more it's good."},"freqRank":498,"score":4,"notes":"Often used to pile on bad news with a tone of disbelief.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":550},{"id":"w-sore-to-mo","romaji":"sore to mo","polite":null,"english":"or (else)","use":"Offers a second option in a question: A? sore to mo B?","ja":"それとも","kana":"それとも","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koohii ni suru? sore to mo ocha?","ja":"コーヒーにする?それともお茶?","english":"Do you want coffee? Or tea?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koohii ni shimasu ka? sore to mo ocha ni shimasu ka?","ja":"コーヒーにしますか?それともお茶にしますか?","english":"Would you like coffee, or tea?"},"freqRank":892,"score":4,"notes":"Only for choices in questions; inside one phrase use ka (koohii ka ocha). Don't confuse with sore to, 'and also'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":551},{"id":"w-sore-ni","romaji":"sore ni","polite":null,"english":"besides; on top of that","use":"Adds another reason or point, often when explaining why.","ja":"それに","kana":"それに","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa ii ya. tsukareta shi, sore ni ame da shi.","ja":"今日はいいや。疲れたし、それに雨だし。","english":"I'll pass today. I'm tired, and besides, it's raining."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa yamete okimasu. tsukarete imasu shi, sore ni ame desu shi.","ja":"今日はやめておきます。疲れていますし、それに雨ですし。","english":"I'll pass today. I'm tired, and besides, it's raining."},"freqRank":1672,"score":4,"notes":"Close to shikamo; sore ni lists reasons side by side, shikamo stresses that the extra point is even more.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":552},{"id":"w-sore-to","romaji":"sore to","polite":null,"english":"and also; oh, and","use":"Adds one more thing to a list or request, often as an afterthought.","ja":"それと","kana":"それと","politeJa":null,"pos":"connector","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gyuunyuu katte kite. a, sore to pan mo.","ja":"牛乳買ってきて。あ、それとパンも。","english":"Get some milk. Oh, and bread too."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gyuunyuu o onegai shimasu. a, sore to pan mo.","ja":"牛乳をお願いします。あ、それとパンも。","english":"Milk, please. Oh, and some bread too."},"freqRank":2009,"score":4,"notes":"With mo added, sore to mo means 'or' in a question.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":553}],"stage":2,"range":"550-553","category":"Connectors"},{"id":"v-move-3","label":"Sitting and lining up","rationale":"Handle seats, queues and crowds: sit, line up, meet up, move aside.","interference":"narabu is joining a line yourself; atsumaru is people gathering as a group.","items":[{"id":"w-suwaru","romaji":"suwaru","polite":"suwarimasu","english":"sit, sit down","use":"The seat takes ni: isu ni suwaru.","ja":"座る","kana":"すわる","politeJa":"座ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono seki, suwatte mo ii?","ja":"この席、座ってもいい？","english":"Can I sit here?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono seki, suwatte mo ii desu ka?","ja":"この席、座ってもいいですか？","english":"Is this seat free?"},"freqRank":454,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: tatsu (stand up). Hosts say douzo, okake kudasai (please have a seat).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":554},{"id":"w-narabu","romaji":"narabu","polite":"narabimasu","english":"line up, queue; be in a row","use":null,"ja":"並ぶ","kana":"ならぶ","politeJa":"並びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono mise, itsumo sugoi naranderu ne.","ja":"この店、いつもすごい並んでるね。","english":"This place always has a huge line."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono mise wa itsumo sugoku narande imasu ne.","ja":"この店はいつもすごく並んでいますね。","english":"There's always a long line at this place."},"freqRank":1763,"score":4,"notes":"Arranging things in a row is naraberu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":555},{"id":"w-atsumaru","romaji":"atsumaru","polite":"atsumarimasu","english":"gather, get together, meet up","use":null,"ja":"集まる","kana":"あつまる","politeJa":"集まります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shichiji ni ekimae ni atsumarou.","ja":"7時に駅前に集まろう。","english":"Let's meet in front of the station at seven."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shichiji ni ekimae ni atsumarimashou.","ja":"7時に駅前に集まりましょう。","english":"Let's meet in front of the station at seven."},"freqRank":824,"score":3,"notes":"Collecting things or rounding people up is atsumeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":556},{"id":"w-doku","romaji":"doku","polite":"dokimasu","english":"get out of the way, move aside","use":"doite! (move!) is blunt; with strangers say sumimasen instead.","ja":"どく","kana":"どく","politeJa":"どきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto doite, toorenai yo.","ja":"ちょっとどいて、通れないよ。","english":"Move a sec, I can't get through."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, chotto doite moraemasu ka?","ja":"すみません、ちょっとどいてもらえますか？","english":"Excuse me, could you move over a little?"},"freqRank":1678,"score":3,"notes":"doke! is the rough command. Moving something else out of the way is dokeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":557}],"stage":3,"range":"554-557","category":"Verbs: moving"},{"id":"v-move-7","label":"Following and chasing","rationale":"Follow, tag along, approach, chase or spot someone.","interference":"tsuite kuru (follow me) and tsuite iku (I'll go with you) flip on direction, like kuru and iku.","items":[{"id":"w-tsuite-kuru","romaji":"tsuite kuru","polite":"tsuite kimasu","english":"follow (me); come along (with me)","use":"Movement toward the speaker; you going along with someone is tsuite iku.","ja":"ついてくる","kana":"ついてくる","politeJa":"ついてきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"michi wakaru kara, tsuite kite.","ja":"道分かるから、ついてきて。","english":"I know the way, follow me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"michi ga wakarimasu kara, tsuite kite kudasai.","ja":"道が分かりますから、ついてきてください。","english":"I know the way, so please follow me."},"freqRank":1860,"score":4,"notes":"Also 'comes with' for extras: omake ga tsuite kuru (it comes with a freebie).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":558},{"id":"w-tsuite-iku","romaji":"tsuite iku","polite":"tsuite ikimasu","english":"go along with, follow; keep up","use":"Movement away from the speaker: you go with someone.","ja":"ついていく","kana":"ついていく","politeJa":"ついていきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"watashi mo tsuite itte ii?","ja":"私もついていっていい？","english":"Can I come along too?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"watashi mo tsuite itte mo ii desu ka?","ja":"私もついていってもいいですか？","english":"May I come along too?"},"freqRank":2834,"score":4,"notes":"tsuite ikenai = can't keep up (with a class or the pace).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":559},{"id":"w-chikazuku","romaji":"chikazuku","polite":"chikazukimasu","english":"approach, get close","use":"The thing approached takes ni.","ja":"近づく","kana":"ちかづく","politeJa":"近づきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano inu ni chikazukanai hou ga ii yo.","ja":"あの犬に近づかない方がいいよ。","english":"Better not go near that dog."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano inu ni wa chikazukanai hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"あの犬には近づかない方がいいですよ。","english":"You'd better not go near that dog."},"freqRank":866,"score":3,"notes":"Also for time drawing near: shiken ga chikazuite kita (the exam is coming up).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":560},{"id":"w-oikakeru","romaji":"oikakeru","polite":"oikakemasu","english":"chase, run after","use":null,"ja":"追いかける","kana":"おいかける","politeJa":"追いかけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, inu ni oikakerareta n da yo!","ja":"昨日、犬に追いかけられたんだよ！","english":"A dog chased me yesterday!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou, inu ni oikakeraremashita.","ja":"昨日、犬に追いかけられました。","english":"I was chased by a dog yesterday."},"freqRank":1775,"score":3,"notes":"Also chasing a dream: yume o oikakeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":561},{"id":"w-mikakeru","romaji":"mikakeru","polite":"mikakemasu","english":"happen to see, spot, come across","use":null,"ja":"見かける","kana":"みかける","politeJa":"見かけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, eki de tanaka-san mikaketa yo.","ja":"昨日、駅で田中さん見かけたよ。","english":"I saw Tanaka at the station yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou, eki de tanaka-san o mikakemashita yo.","ja":"昨日、駅で田中さんを見かけましたよ。","english":"I happened to see Mr Tanaka at the station yesterday."},"freqRank":1870,"score":3,"notes":"Also for things you see around: saikin yoku mikakeru ne (you see those a lot lately).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":562}],"stage":3,"range":"558-562","category":"Verbs: moving"},{"id":"v-move-2","label":"Trains and buses","rationale":"Get on, get off, change lines and grumble about the crowds.","interference":"noru takes ni (densha ni noru) but oriru takes o (densha o oriru).","items":[{"id":"w-noru","romaji":"noru","polite":"norimasu","english":"get on, ride (a train, bus, car, bike)","use":"The vehicle takes ni: densha ni noru.","ja":"乗る","kana":"のる","politeJa":"乗ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsugi no densha ni norou.","ja":"次の電車に乗ろう。","english":"Let's get on the next train."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsugi no densha ni norimashou.","ja":"次の電車に乗りましょう。","english":"Let's take the next train."},"freqRank":439,"score":5,"notes":"Opposite: oriru (get off).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":563},{"id":"w-oriru","romaji":"oriru","polite":"orimasu","english":"get off (a train, bus); go down","use":"The vehicle takes o: densha o oriru.","ja":"降りる","kana":"おりる","politeJa":"降ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsugi no eki de oriru yo.","ja":"次の駅で降りるよ。","english":"We're getting off at the next station."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsugi no eki de orimasu.","ja":"次の駅で降ります。","english":"I'm getting off at the next station."},"freqRank":1396,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: noru. On a packed train, orimasu! gets people to let you out.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":564},{"id":"w-komu","romaji":"komu","polite":"komimasu","english":"get crowded, be busy (with people)","use":"Usually as konde iru / konderu (is crowded).","ja":"混む","kana":"こむ","politeJa":"混みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou, densha sugoi konderu ne.","ja":"今日、電車すごい混んでるね。","english":"The train's really packed today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa densha ga totemo konde imasu ne.","ja":"今日は電車がとても混んでいますね。","english":"The train's very crowded today."},"freqRank":5984,"score":4,"notes":"Not crowded = suite iru (from suku).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":565},{"id":"w-norikaeru","romaji":"norikaeru","polite":"norikaemasu","english":"change (trains, buses), transfer","use":"The line you switch to takes ni.","ja":"乗り換える","kana":"のりかえる","politeJa":"乗り換えます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shinjuku de norikaeru yo.","ja":"新宿で乗り換えるよ。","english":"We change at Shinjuku."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shinjuku de norikaemasu.","ja":"新宿で乗り換えます。","english":"We change trains at Shinjuku."},"freqRank":7033,"score":4,"notes":"norikae = a transfer. Also used casually for switching phones or partners.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":566}],"stage":3,"range":"563-566","category":"Verbs: moving"},{"id":"v-home-4","label":"Cooking and clearing up","rationale":"Make a meal and clear up: cut, get things ready, grill, throw out.","interference":"kiru 'cut' (kirimasu) sounds like kiru 'wear' (kimasu); the forms tell them apart.","items":[{"id":"w-suteru","romaji":"suteru","polite":"sutemasu","english":"throw away, throw out; abandon","use":null,"ja":"捨てる","kana":"すてる","politeJa":"捨てます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, mou sutete ii?","ja":"これ、もう捨てていい？","english":"Can I throw this out?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa mou sutete mo ii desu ka?","ja":"これはもう捨ててもいいですか？","english":"Is it okay to throw this away?"},"freqRank":436,"score":4,"notes":"gomi o suteru = throw away rubbish. Also for dumping a person.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":567},{"id":"w-kiru-2","romaji":"kiru","polite":"kirimasu","english":"cut; hang up (a phone); switch off","use":null,"ja":"切る","kana":"きる","politeJa":"切ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"are, kami kitta? niau ne.","ja":"あれ、髪切った？似合うね。","english":"Oh, did you get a haircut? It suits you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"are, kami o kirimashita ka? niaimasu ne.","ja":"あれ、髪を切りましたか？似合いますね。","english":"Oh, did you get your hair cut? It suits you."},"freqRank":546,"score":4,"notes":"denwa o kiru = hang up. Not kiru 'wear' (着る): this one goes kirimasu, kitte; that one kimasu, kite.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":568},{"id":"w-youi-suru","romaji":"youi suru","polite":"youi shimasu","english":"prepare, get (something) ready","use":"Getting things ready, like food, drinks or documents.","ja":"用意する","kana":"よういする","politeJa":"用意します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nomimono wa watashi ga youi suru ne.","ja":"飲み物は私が用意するね。","english":"I'll sort out the drinks."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nomimono wa watashi ga youi shimasu.","ja":"飲み物は私が用意します。","english":"I'll prepare the drinks."},"freqRank":591,"score":4,"notes":"youi dekita? = ready? youi, don! = ready, set, go!","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":569},{"id":"w-yaku","romaji":"yaku","polite":"yakimasu","english":"grill, bake, toast; burn","use":"Almost any dry-heat cooking: niku o yaku, pan o yaku.","ja":"焼く","kana":"やく","politeJa":"焼きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa niku yakou ka.","ja":"今日は肉焼こうか。","english":"Shall we grill some meat today?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa niku o yakimashou ka.","ja":"今日は肉を焼きましょうか。","english":"Shall we grill some meat today?"},"freqRank":1576,"score":4,"notes":"Getting tanned uses yakeru: hi ni yaketa (I got a tan).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":570}],"stage":3,"range":"567-570","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-home-2","label":"Morning routine","rationale":"Talk through the start of a day: waking someone, washing, heading out, changing, going to school or work.","interference":"okosu wakes someone else; waking up yourself is okiru.","items":[{"id":"w-okosu","romaji":"okosu","polite":"okoshimasu","english":"wake (someone) up; cause","use":"Waking someone else; waking up yourself is okiru.","ja":"起こす","kana":"おこす","politeJa":"起こします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita shichiji ni okoshite kureru?","ja":"明日7時に起こしてくれる？","english":"Can you wake me at seven tomorrow?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita shichiji ni okoshite moraemasu ka?","ja":"明日7時に起こしてもらえますか？","english":"Could you wake me up at seven tomorrow?"},"freqRank":660,"score":4,"notes":"Also cause trouble: jiko o okosu (cause an accident).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":571},{"id":"w-arau","romaji":"arau","polite":"araimasu","english":"wash","use":null,"ja":"洗う","kana":"あらう","politeJa":"洗います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gohan no mae ni te aratte ne.","ja":"ご飯の前に手洗ってね。","english":"Wash your hands before dinner."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gohan no mae ni te o aratte kudasai.","ja":"ご飯の前に手を洗ってください。","english":"Please wash your hands before the meal."},"freqRank":1246,"score":4,"notes":"Doing the laundry is sentaku suru; washing up is sara o arau.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":572},{"id":"w-dekakeru","romaji":"dekakeru","polite":"dekakemasu","english":"go out (on an outing or errand)","use":null,"ja":"出かける","kana":"でかける","politeJa":"出かけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto dekakete kuru ne.","ja":"ちょっと出かけてくるね。","english":"I'm popping out for a bit."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto dekakete kimasu.","ja":"ちょっと出かけてきます。","english":"I'm going out for a bit."},"freqRank":1420,"score":4,"notes":"dekakete iru = is out (not home right now).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":573},{"id":"w-kigaeru","romaji":"kigaeru","polite":"kigaemasu","english":"change clothes, get changed","use":null,"ja":"着替える","kana":"きがえる","politeJa":"着替えます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto kigaete kuru ne.","ja":"ちょっと着替えてくるね。","english":"I'm just going to get changed."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto kigaete kimasu.","ja":"ちょっと着替えてきます。","english":"I'll just go and get changed."},"freqRank":1536,"score":4,"notes":"kigae = a change of clothes. Also heard as kikaeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":574},{"id":"w-kayou","romaji":"kayou","polite":"kayoimasu","english":"go regularly (to school, work, a gym); commute","use":"For a place you keep going to, usually as kayotte iru.","ja":"通う","kana":"かよう","politeJa":"通います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima jimu ni kayotteru n da.","ja":"今ジムに通ってるんだ。","english":"I'm going to a gym these days."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima jimu ni kayotte imasu.","ja":"今ジムに通っています。","english":"I go to a gym these days."},"freqRank":1026,"score":3,"notes":"A single trip is just iku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":575}],"stage":3,"range":"571-575","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-talk-4","label":"Getting the message across","rationale":"Lets you pass on messages, report news and check you were understood.","interference":"Tsutaeru (you tell) vs tsutawaru (it gets through).","items":[{"id":"w-tsutaeru","romaji":"tsutaeru","polite":"tsutaemasu","english":"tell, pass on (a message); get across","use":"Passing a message along, or putting feelings into words.","ja":"伝える","kana":"つたえる","politeJa":"伝えます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare ni yoroshiku tsutaete.","ja":"彼によろしく伝えて。","english":"Say hi to him for me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare ni yoroshiku tsutaete kudasai.","ja":"彼によろしく伝えてください。","english":"Please say hello to him for me."},"freqRank":317,"score":4,"notes":"Tsutaeru is you telling; tsutawaru is the message getting through.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":576},{"id":"w-tsutawaru","romaji":"tsutawaru","polite":"tsutawarimasu","english":"get across; come through; be passed down","use":"When a message or feeling reaches the other person: tsutawatta? = did that make sense?","ja":"伝わる","kana":"つたわる","politeJa":"伝わります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kimochi, chanto tsutawatta to omou yo.","ja":"気持ち、ちゃんと伝わったと思うよ。","english":"I think your feelings really came across."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kimochi wa chanto tsutawatta to omoimasu.","ja":"気持ちはちゃんと伝わったと思います。","english":"I think your feelings came across."},"freqRank":1385,"score":3,"notes":"The person tsutaeru; the message tsutawaru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":577},{"id":"w-tsuujiru","romaji":"tsuujiru","polite":"tsuujimasu","english":"get through; be understood; connect (a call)","use":"Your meaning, your language, or a phone call getting through.","ja":"通じる","kana":"つうじる","politeJa":"通じます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ryokou de eigo ga zenzen tsuujinakatta.","ja":"旅行で英語が全然通じなかった。","english":"On the trip, nobody understood my English at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ryokou de eigo ga zenzen tsuujimasen deshita.","ja":"旅行で英語が全然通じませんでした。","english":"On the trip, my English didn't get through at all."},"freqRank":1733,"score":3,"notes":"Denwa ga tsuujinai = the call won't go through. Hanashi ga tsuujiru = we understand each other.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":578},{"id":"w-houkoku-suru","romaji":"houkoku suru","polite":"houkoku shimasu","english":"report; let (someone) know","use":"Passing on news or results — to a boss, family or friends.","ja":"報告する","kana":"ほうこくする","politeJa":"報告します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kekka detara houkoku suru ne.","ja":"結果出たら報告するね。","english":"I'll let you know when the results come out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kekka ga detara houkoku shimasu.","ja":"結果が出たら報告します。","english":"I'll report back when the results come out."},"freqRank":820,"score":3,"notes":"The work motto hourensou = houkoku, renraku, soudan (report, keep in touch, consult).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":579}],"stage":3,"range":"576-579","category":"Verbs: talking"},{"id":"v-talk-6","label":"Discussing plans","rationale":"Lets you talk a plan through, suggest something, back it, or raise a new idea.","interference":"Teian puts an idea forward; sansei backs someone else's.","items":[{"id":"w-hanashiau","romaji":"hanashiau","polite":"hanashiaimasu","english":"talk it over, discuss","use":"Two or more people talking something through to settle it.","ja":"話し合う","kana":"はなしあう","politeJa":"話し合います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ichido futari de chanto hanashiaou yo.","ja":"一度二人でちゃんと話し合おうよ。","english":"Let's sit down and talk it over properly."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ichido futari de chanto hanashiaimashou.","ja":"一度二人でちゃんと話し合いましょう。","english":"Let's sit down and talk it over properly."},"freqRank":1704,"score":3,"notes":"Hanashiai = a discussion. Soudan suru is asking someone's advice.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":580},{"id":"w-teian","romaji":"teian","polite":null,"english":"suggestion, proposal","use":"Teian suru = suggest; mostly a work and planning word.","ja":"提案","kana":"ていあん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hitotsu teian ga aru n da kedo.","ja":"一つ提案があるんだけど。","english":"I've got a suggestion."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hitotsu teian ga aru n desu ga.","ja":"一つ提案があるんですが。","english":"I have a suggestion."},"freqRank":1793,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":581},{"id":"w-sansei-suru","romaji":"sansei suru","polite":"sansei shimasu","english":"agree; be in favour","use":"Agreeing with a plan or proposal; sansei! alone = 'I'm in!'","ja":"賛成する","kana":"さんせいする","politeJa":"賛成します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"minna sansei shiteru kara, sore de ikou.","ja":"みんな賛成してるから、それで行こう。","english":"Everyone's for it, so let's go with that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"minna sansei shite iru node, sore de ikimashou.","ja":"みんな賛成しているので、それで行きましょう。","english":"Everyone's in favour, so let's go with that."},"freqRank":2582,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: hantai (against). To agree with what someone just said, people usually say sou da ne.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":582},{"id":"w-iidasu","romaji":"iidasu","polite":"iidashimasu","english":"bring up; start saying; be the first to suggest","use":"Often something sudden or awkward: kyuu ni ... tte iidasu.","ja":"言い出す","kana":"いいだす","politeJa":"言い出します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, kyuu ni kaisha yameru tte iidashita n da.","ja":"彼、急に会社辞めるって言い出したんだ。","english":"He suddenly announced he's quitting his job."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare ga kyuu ni kaisha o yameru to iidashita n desu.","ja":"彼が急に会社を辞めると言い出したんです。","english":"He suddenly announced he's quitting his job."},"freqRank":1982,"score":3,"notes":"Iidashippe = whoever suggested it (and so has to do it).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":583}],"stage":3,"range":"580-583","category":"Verbs: talking"},{"id":"v-mind-10","label":"Making sense of things","rationale":"Lets you say something makes sense, make a call, or clear up a misunderstanding or a muddle.","interference":"Nattoku is accepting a reason, not just understanding it (wakaru).","items":[{"id":"w-nattoku-suru","romaji":"nattoku suru","polite":"nattoku shimasu","english":"be convinced, accept; be satisfied (with a reason)","use":"Mostly 'nattoku dekinai' (I can't accept that) and 'nattoku shita' (Now it makes sense).","ja":"納得する","kana":"なっとくする","politeJa":"納得します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono setsumei ja nattoku dekinai yo.","ja":"その説明じゃ納得できないよ。","english":"I can't accept that explanation."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono setsumei de wa nattoku dekimasen.","ja":"その説明では納得できません。","english":"I can't accept that explanation."},"freqRank":1023,"score":3,"notes":"'Naruhodo, nattoku' means 'Ah, that explains it'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":584},{"id":"w-handan-suru","romaji":"handan suru","polite":"handan shimasu","english":"judge, decide; judgment","use":"For making a call on the facts: 'Jibun de handan shite' (Use your own judgment).","ja":"判断する","kana":"はんだんする","politeJa":"判断します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore wa jibun de handan shite yo.","ja":"それは自分で判断してよ。","english":"You'll have to decide that for yourself."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa jibun de handan shite kudasai.","ja":"それは自分で判断してください。","english":"Please decide that for yourself."},"freqRank":1061,"score":3,"notes":"The noun is common too: 'ii handan' (a good call), 'handan ga muzukashii' (it's hard to say).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":585},{"id":"w-gokai","romaji":"gokai","polite":null,"english":"misunderstanding; misunderstand","use":"'Gokai da yo!' means 'You've got it wrong!'; 'Gokai shinaide' means 'Don't get the wrong idea'.","ja":"誤解","kana":"ごかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chigau yo, sore wa gokai da yo.","ja":"違うよ、それは誤解だよ。","english":"No, you've got the wrong idea."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chigaimasu, sore wa gokai desu.","ja":"違います、それは誤解です。","english":"No, that's a misunderstanding."},"freqRank":1268,"score":3,"notes":"Also gokai suru (misunderstand) and gokai sareru (be misunderstood).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":586},{"id":"w-konran-suru","romaji":"konran suru","polite":"konran shimasu","english":"get confused; be in chaos","use":"For a muddled head or a chaotic situation: 'Atama ga konran shiteru' (My head's spinning).","ja":"混乱する","kana":"こんらんする","politeJa":"混乱します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto matte, atama ga konran shiteru.","ja":"ちょっと待って、頭が混乱してる。","english":"Hang on, my head's all mixed up."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto matte kudasai, atama ga konran shite imasu.","ja":"ちょっと待ってください、頭が混乱しています。","english":"Hold on, I'm getting confused."},"freqRank":2280,"score":3,"notes":"Also public chaos, as with traffic or markets. For a light 'I'm lost', wakaranaku natta is more everyday.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":587}],"stage":3,"range":"584-587","category":"Verbs: thinking and feeling"},{"id":"v-social-5","label":"Courtesy and forgiveness","rationale":"Covers everyday courtesies: forgiving, sorry-to-keep-you-waiting, don't be shy, giving way, it's fine.","interference":"Enryo shinaide invites someone in, but enryo shimasu politely says no.","items":[{"id":"w-yurusu","romaji":"yurusu","polite":"yurushimasu","english":"forgive; allow, permit","use":"'Yurushite' (forgive me) and 'Zettai yurusanai' (I'll never forgive you) are the everyday uses.","ja":"許す","kana":"ゆるす","politeJa":"許します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou okottenai yo, yurushite ageru.","ja":"もう怒ってないよ、許してあげる。","english":"I'm not mad anymore. I forgive you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou okotte imasen. yurushimasu yo.","ja":"もう怒っていません。許しますよ。","english":"I'm not angry anymore. I forgive you."},"freqRank":290,"score":3,"notes":"The 'allow' sense is mostly formal, as in 'jikan ga yuruseba' (if time allows).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":588},{"id":"w-mataseru","romaji":"mataseru","polite":"matasemasu","english":"keep someone waiting","use":"Mostly in apologies on arrival: 'Omatase!' or 'Matasete gomen'.","ja":"待たせる","kana":"またせる","politeJa":"待たせます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen ne, nagai koto matasechatte.","ja":"ごめんね、長いこと待たせちゃって。","english":"Sorry for keeping you waiting so long."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nagai koto omatase shite, sumimasen deshita.","ja":"長いことお待たせして、すみませんでした。","english":"I'm sorry for keeping you waiting so long."},"freqRank":851,"score":4,"notes":"The causative of matsu (wait). Staff say 'Omatase shimashita' when they bring your order.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":589},{"id":"w-enryo-suru","romaji":"enryo suru","polite":"enryo shimasu","english":"hold back (out of politeness); politely decline","use":"'Enryo shinaide' means 'Don't be shy, help yourself'; 'Enryo shimasu' politely turns something down.","ja":"遠慮する","kana":"えんりょする","politeJa":"遠慮します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"enryo shinaide, takusan tabete ne.","ja":"遠慮しないで、たくさん食べてね。","english":"Don't be shy, eat as much as you like."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"enryo shinaide, takusan tabete kudasai ne.","ja":"遠慮しないで、たくさん食べてくださいね。","english":"Don't be shy, please eat as much as you like."},"freqRank":1349,"score":4,"notes":"'Goenryo kudasai' on signs means 'please refrain', as with smoking or photos.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":590},{"id":"w-yuzuru","romaji":"yuzuru","polite":"yuzurimasu","english":"give up (a seat, a turn); hand over","use":"The classic use is giving up your seat on a train: 'seki o yuzuru'.","ja":"譲る","kana":"ゆずる","politeJa":"譲ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"obaachan ni seki o yuzutta yo.","ja":"おばあちゃんに席を譲ったよ。","english":"I gave my seat to an old lady."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"obaasan ni seki o yuzurimashita.","ja":"おばあさんに席を譲りました。","english":"I gave my seat to an old lady."},"freqRank":1830,"score":3,"notes":"Also letting someone go first, or passing something on to them.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":591},{"id":"w-kamawanai","romaji":"kamawanai","polite":"kamaimasen","english":"don't mind; it's fine","use":"Often after -te mo: 'Tsukatte mo kamawanai yo' (You're welcome to use it).","ja":"構わない","kana":"かまわない","politeJa":"構いません","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita demo kamawanai yo.","ja":"明日でも構わないよ。","english":"Tomorrow's fine with me too."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita demo kamaimasen yo.","ja":"明日でも構いませんよ。","english":"Tomorrow is fine too."},"freqRank":3272,"score":4,"notes":"In casual talk, 'ii yo' is more common; kamawanai sounds a little firmer.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":592}],"stage":3,"range":"588-592","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-change-5","label":"More and less","rationale":"Lets you say things go up or pile up, and turn things down or cut back.","interference":"Fueru (it increases) vs fuyasu (increase it); tamaru (it piles up) vs tameru (save up).","items":[{"id":"w-fueru","romaji":"fueru","polite":"fuemasu","english":"increase; go up; grow in number","use":"Numbers, weight, people or work going up by themselves.","ja":"増える","kana":"ふえる","politeJa":"増えます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin taijuu ga fueta.","ja":"最近体重が増えた。","english":"I've put on weight lately."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin taijuu ga fuemashita.","ja":"最近体重が増えました。","english":"I've put on weight lately."},"freqRank":841,"score":4,"notes":"Fuyasu is 'increase it' (you do it). Opposite: heru, go down.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":593},{"id":"w-fuyasu","romaji":"fuyasu","polite":"fuyashimasu","english":"increase; add more","use":"You make something go up: hours, staff, savings, friends.","ja":"増やす","kana":"ふやす","politeJa":"増やします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raigetsu kara baito fuyasu.","ja":"来月からバイト増やす。","english":"I'm taking more part-time shifts from next month."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raigetsu kara baito o fuyashimasu.","ja":"来月からバイトを増やします。","english":"I'm taking on more part-time shifts from next month."},"freqRank":1779,"score":3,"notes":"Fueru is 'it increases' (by itself). Opposite: herasu, cut down.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":594},{"id":"w-tamaru","romaji":"tamaru","polite":"tamarimasu","english":"pile up; build up; be saved up","use":"Things building up you don't want (stress, dishes, work) or do want (money, points).","ja":"たまる","kana":"たまる","politeJa":"たまります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin sutoresu tamatteru.","ja":"最近ストレスたまってる。","english":"I've been so stressed lately."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin sutoresu ga tamatte imasu.","ja":"最近ストレスがたまっています。","english":"I've been under a lot of stress lately."},"freqRank":1650,"score":3,"notes":"Tameru is 'save up, let pile up' (you do it): okane o tameru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":595},{"id":"w-sageru","romaji":"sageru","polite":"sagemasu","english":"lower; turn down; bring down; clear (plates)","use":"Lowering volume, price, temperature or your head.","ja":"下げる","kana":"さげる","politeJa":"下げます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto oto sagete.","ja":"ちょっと音下げて。","english":"Turn the sound down a bit."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, chotto oto o sagete kudasai.","ja":"すみません、ちょっと音を下げてください。","english":"Excuse me, could you turn the sound down a little?"},"freqRank":1697,"score":3,"notes":"Sagaru is 'go down' (by itself); opposite: ageru. Waiters ask 'osage shite yoroshii desu ka?' before clearing plates.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":596},{"id":"w-hikaeru","romaji":"hikaeru","polite":"hikaemasu","english":"cut down on; hold back from; refrain","use":"Cutting back on food, drink or habits; notices use it for a polite 'please don't'.","ja":"控える","kana":"ひかえる","politeJa":"控えます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin osake hikaeteru n da.","ja":"最近お酒控えてるんだ。","english":"I'm cutting back on drinking these days."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin osake o hikaete imasu.","ja":"最近お酒を控えています。","english":"I'm cutting back on alcohol these days."},"freqRank":2343,"score":3,"notes":"Signs say 'ohikae kudasai', please refrain.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":597}],"stage":3,"range":"593-597","category":"Verbs: change, start and end"},{"id":"v-hands-1","label":"Borrow, return, hand over","rationale":"Lets you borrow things, give them back, hand them over and bring them.","interference":"Kariru (borrow) gets swapped with kasu (lend); kaesu (give back) sounds like kaeru (go home).","items":[{"id":"w-kariru","romaji":"kariru","polite":"karimasu","english":"borrow; rent; use (someone's toilet)","use":"Takes kara or ni for the person you borrow from.","ja":"借りる","kana":"かりる","politeJa":"借ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"pen, chotto karite ii?","ja":"ペン、ちょっと借りていい？","english":"Can I borrow your pen a sec?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"pen o chotto karite mo ii desu ka?","ja":"ペンをちょっと借りてもいいですか？","english":"May I borrow your pen for a moment?"},"freqRank":673,"score":4,"notes":"Kasu is the opposite, lend; the two are easy to swap. 'Toire karite ii?' = can I use your bathroom?","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":598},{"id":"w-kaesu","romaji":"kaesu","polite":"kaeshimasu","english":"give back; return; reply (to a message)","use":"Returning borrowed things or money; also replying: henji o kaesu.","ja":"返す","kana":"かえす","politeJa":"返します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono hon, ashita kaesu ne.","ja":"この本、明日返すね。","english":"I'll give this book back tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono hon, ashita kaeshimasu ne.","ja":"この本、明日返しますね。","english":"I'll return this book tomorrow."},"freqRank":460,"score":4,"notes":"Kaesu (give back) sounds close to kaeru (go home). Kaette kuru = come back.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":599},{"id":"w-watasu","romaji":"watasu","polite":"watashimasu","english":"hand over; give; pass","use":"Physically handing something to someone: a gift, papers, a key.","ja":"渡す","kana":"わたす","politeJa":"渡します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, kare ni watashitoite.","ja":"これ、彼に渡しといて。","english":"Can you give this to him for me?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore o kare ni watashite oite kudasai.","ja":"これを彼に渡しておいてください。","english":"Please give this to him."},"freqRank":461,"score":4,"notes":"Ageru is giving as a gift or favour; watasu is the physical handing over.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":600},{"id":"w-motte-kuru","romaji":"motte kuru","polite":"motte kimasu","english":"bring (a thing)","use":"For bringing a person, use tsurete kuru.","ja":"持ってくる","kana":"もってくる","politeJa":"持ってきます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kasa motte kita?","ja":"傘持ってきた？","english":"Did you bring an umbrella?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kasa o motte kimashita ka?","ja":"傘を持ってきましたか？","english":"Did you bring an umbrella?"},"freqRank":813,"score":4,"notes":"Motte iku = take it there. Kuru points towards the speaker, iku away.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":601}],"stage":3,"range":"598-601","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-hands-4","label":"Send and deliver","rationale":"Lets you send things, ask if they've arrived, and carry or deliver them.","interference":"Todoku is 'it arrives', todokeru is 'deliver it'; okuru (send) sounds like okureru (be late).","items":[{"id":"w-okuru","romaji":"okuru","polite":"okurimasu","english":"send; see off; take (someone) home","use":"Messages, parcels and photos; also walking or driving someone home or to the station.","ja":"送る","kana":"おくる","politeJa":"送ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ato de shashin okuru ne.","ja":"後で写真送るね。","english":"I'll send you the photos later."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ato de shashin o okurimasu ne.","ja":"後で写真を送りますね。","english":"I'll send you the photos later."},"freqRank":324,"score":4,"notes":"Okutte iku yo = I'll take you home. Don't confuse with okureru, be late.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":602},{"id":"w-todoku","romaji":"todoku","polite":"todokimasu","english":"arrive (parcels, messages); reach","use":"Things sent arriving; also being able to reach something high.","ja":"届く","kana":"とどく","politeJa":"届きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nimotsu, todoita?","ja":"荷物、届いた？","english":"Did the package arrive?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nimotsu wa todokimashita ka?","ja":"荷物は届きましたか？","english":"Has the package arrived?"},"freqRank":738,"score":4,"notes":"Todokeru is 'deliver it' (you do it). Te ga todokanai = can't reach.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":603},{"id":"w-todokeru","romaji":"todokeru","polite":"todokemasu","english":"deliver; take (something) to someone; hand in","use":"You take something to a person or place, like lost property to the police.","ja":"届ける","kana":"とどける","politeJa":"届けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"wasuremono, ie made todokeru yo.","ja":"忘れ物、家まで届けるよ。","english":"I'll bring what you left to your place."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"wasuremono wa ie made todokemasu ne.","ja":"忘れ物は家まで届けますね。","english":"I'll bring what you left to your house."},"freqRank":1208,"score":3,"notes":"Todoku is 'arrive, reach' (by itself). Keisatsu ni todokeru = hand it in to the police.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":604},{"id":"w-hakobu","romaji":"hakobu","polite":"hakobimasu","english":"carry; move (things)","use":"Moving things, often heavy, from one place to another.","ja":"運ぶ","kana":"はこぶ","politeJa":"運びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, issho ni hakonde kureru?","ja":"これ、一緒に運んでくれる？","english":"Can you help me carry this?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore, issho ni hakonde moraemasu ka?","ja":"これ、一緒に運んでもらえますか？","english":"Could you help me carry this?"},"freqRank":925,"score":3,"notes":"Motsu is 'hold, have on you'; hakobu is taking things somewhere.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":605}],"stage":3,"range":"602-605","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-hands-2","label":"Find and lose","rationale":"Lets you talk about finding, losing, dropping, picking up and hiding things.","interference":"Nakusu is losing an object, not a game (makeru); otosu (drop) and hirou (pick up) are a pair.","items":[{"id":"w-mitsukeru","romaji":"mitsukeru","polite":"mitsukemasu","english":"find; spot; come across","use":null,"ja":"見つける","kana":"みつける","politeJa":"見つけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki no chikaku de ii mise mitsuketa yo.","ja":"駅の近くでいい店見つけたよ。","english":"I found a great place near the station."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki no chikaku de ii mise o mitsukemashita.","ja":"駅の近くでいい店を見つけました。","english":"I found a nice place near the station."},"freqRank":311,"score":4,"notes":"Mitsukaru is 'be found': kagi ga mitsukatta (I found my keys).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":606},{"id":"w-nakusu","romaji":"nakusu","polite":"nakushimasu","english":"lose (something); get rid of","use":"Losing things you had, like keys or a wallet; also losing confidence or interest.","ja":"なくす","kana":"なくす","politeJa":"なくします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mata kagi nakushita.","ja":"また鍵なくした。","english":"I've lost my keys again."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mata kagi o nakushimashita.","ja":"また鍵をなくしました。","english":"I've lost my keys again."},"freqRank":1642,"score":4,"notes":"Nakunaru is 'go missing, run out'. Losing a game is makeru, not nakusu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":607},{"id":"w-otosu","romaji":"otosu","polite":"otoshimasu","english":"drop; lose (by dropping); lower","use":"Dropping things, or losing something while you were out: saifu o otoshita.","ja":"落とす","kana":"おとす","politeJa":"落とします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saifu otoshichatta.","ja":"財布落としちゃった。","english":"I've lost my wallet."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saifu o otoshite shimaimashita.","ja":"財布を落としてしまいました。","english":"I've lost my wallet."},"freqRank":923,"score":4,"notes":"Ochiru is 'fall' (by itself). Keshou o otosu = take off make-up.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":608},{"id":"w-hirou","romaji":"hirou","polite":"hiroimasu","english":"pick up (from the ground); find; catch (a taxi)","use":"Picking things up off the floor or finding something lying around.","ja":"拾う","kana":"ひろう","politeJa":"拾います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"michi de saifu hirotta.","ja":"道で財布拾った。","english":"I found a wallet on the street."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"michi de saifu o hiroimashita.","ja":"道で財布を拾いました。","english":"I found a wallet on the street."},"freqRank":1351,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: suteru (throw away). Takushii o hirou = catch a taxi.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":609},{"id":"w-kakusu","romaji":"kakusu","polite":"kakushimasu","english":"hide; keep secret","use":"Hiding things, or keeping the truth or feelings to yourself.","ja":"隠す","kana":"かくす","politeJa":"隠します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nani kakushiteru no?","ja":"何隠してるの？","english":"What are you hiding?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nani o kakushite iru n desu ka?","ja":"何を隠しているんですか？","english":"What are you hiding?"},"freqRank":514,"score":3,"notes":"Kakureru is 'hide yourself, be hidden'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":610},{"id":"w-hakken","romaji":"hakken","polite":null,"english":"discovery; a find","use":"Formal as a verb; casually it's a happy 'hakken!' or shinhakken (a new find).","ja":"発見","kana":"はっけん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore oishii! shinhakken da.","ja":"これおいしい！新発見だ。","english":"This is great! What a find."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore oishii desu ne! shinhakken desu.","ja":"これおいしいですね！新発見です。","english":"This is delicious! What a discovery."},"freqRank":1264,"score":3,"notes":"For the everyday 'find', use mitsukeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":611}],"stage":3,"range":"606-611","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-effort-1","label":"Checking things","rationale":"Lets you look things up, check, double-check and compare.","interference":"kakunin suru, chekku suru and tashikameru all mean 'check'; shiraberu is finding out something new.","items":[{"id":"w-kakunin-suru","romaji":"kakunin suru","polite":"kakunin shimasu","english":"check; confirm","use":"Making sure something is right or as planned: times, details, bookings.","ja":"確認する","kana":"かくにんする","politeJa":"確認します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto kakunin shite kuru ne.","ja":"ちょっと確認してくるね。","english":"I'll just go and check."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto kakunin shite kimasu.","ja":"ちょっと確認してきます。","english":"I'll just go and check."},"freqRank":522,"score":5,"notes":"Also a noun: kakunin ga toreta (it's been confirmed).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":612},{"id":"w-shiraberu","romaji":"shiraberu","polite":"shirabemasu","english":"look up; look into; investigate","use":"Finding out something you don't know: online, in a dictionary, or by digging into it.","ja":"調べる","kana":"しらべる","politeJa":"調べます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"netto de shirabete miru yo.","ja":"ネットで調べてみるよ。","english":"I'll look it up online."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"netto de shirabete mimasu.","ja":"ネットで調べてみます。","english":"I'll look it up online."},"freqRank":459,"score":4,"notes":"kakunin suru checks what you already think; shiraberu finds out something new.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":613},{"id":"w-chekku-suru","romaji":"chekku suru","polite":"chekku shimasu","english":"check; look over","use":"Quick, casual checking of messages, mistakes or a list; also keeping an eye on something.","ja":"チェックする","kana":"チェックする","politeJa":"チェックします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kesa no meeru, chekku shita?","ja":"今朝のメール、チェックした？","english":"Did you check this morning's email?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kesa no meeru wa chekku shimashita ka?","ja":"今朝のメールはチェックしましたか？","english":"Did you check this morning's email?"},"freqRank":1629,"score":4,"notes":"Not for paying the bill; that's okaikei.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":614},{"id":"w-tashikameru","romaji":"tashikameru","polite":"tashikamemasu","english":"make sure; check for yourself","use":"Seeing or trying it yourself to be sure something is true.","ja":"確かめる","kana":"たしかめる","politeJa":"確かめます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jibun no me de tashikametai.","ja":"自分の目で確かめたい。","english":"I want to see it for myself."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jibun no me de tashikametai desu.","ja":"自分の目で確かめたいです。","english":"I want to see it for myself."},"freqRank":1377,"score":3,"notes":"Also for feelings: kimochi o tashikameru (find out how someone really feels).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":615},{"id":"w-kuraberu","romaji":"kuraberu","polite":"kurabemasu","english":"compare","use":"X to Y o kuraberu (compare X and Y); X ni kurabete (compared with X).","ja":"比べる","kana":"くらべる","politeJa":"比べます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hoka no mise to kurabete mita?","ja":"ほかの店と比べてみた？","english":"Did you compare it with other shops?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hoka no mise to kurabete mimashita ka?","ja":"ほかの店と比べてみましたか？","english":"Did you compare it with other shops?"},"freqRank":1477,"score":3,"notes":"hito to kurabenai de (don't compare yourself with others) is common advice.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":616}],"stage":3,"range":"612-616","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"v-effort-2","label":"Mistakes and do-overs","rationale":"Lets you say something's wrong, you slipped up, you missed it, or you'll redo it.","interference":"machigau (be wrong) gets mixed up with machigaeru (get X wrong).","items":[{"id":"w-machigau","romaji":"machigau","polite":"machigaimasu","english":"be wrong; be mistaken","use":"Mostly as machigatteru or machigatta: it's wrong, you got it wrong.","ja":"間違う","kana":"まちがう","politeJa":"間違います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, chotto machigatteru yo.","ja":"それ、ちょっと間違ってるよ。","english":"That's a bit off."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore, sukoshi machigatte imasu yo.","ja":"それ、少し間違っていますよ。","english":"That's a little off."},"freqRank":711,"score":4,"notes":"To mix one thing up with another, use machigaeru: michi o machigaeta (I took a wrong turn). Noun: machigai.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":617},{"id":"w-misu-suru","romaji":"misu suru","polite":"misu shimasu","english":"make a mistake; slip up","use":"Small slips, mainly at work, in games or in sport.","ja":"ミスする","kana":"ミスする","politeJa":"ミスします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, mata misu shichatta.","ja":"ごめん、またミスしちゃった。","english":"Sorry, I messed up again."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, mata misu shite shimaimashita.","ja":"すみません、またミスしてしまいました。","english":"I'm sorry, I made another mistake."},"freqRank":1538,"score":4,"notes":"Also a noun: ore no misu da (my mistake).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":618},{"id":"w-yarinaosu","romaji":"yarinaosu","polite":"yarinaoshimasu","english":"redo; start over","use":"Doing something over from the start, from homework to a relationship.","ja":"やり直す","kana":"やりなおす","politeJa":"やり直します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dame da, mou ikkai yarinaosou.","ja":"だめだ、もう一回やり直そう。","english":"No good. Let's do it over."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dame desu ne, mou ikkai yarinaoshimashou.","ja":"だめですね、もう一回やり直しましょう。","english":"That's no good. Let's do it over."},"freqRank":1617,"score":3,"notes":"-naosu after a verb stem means 'redo': kakinaosu (rewrite), minaosu (look again).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":619},{"id":"w-minogasu","romaji":"minogasu","polite":"minogashimasu","english":"miss (seeing); let slide","use":"Missing something you meant to see, or letting someone off.","ja":"見逃す","kana":"みのがす","politeJa":"見逃します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou no dorama, minogashita.","ja":"昨日のドラマ、見逃した。","english":"I missed last night's episode."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou no dorama o minogashimashita.","ja":"昨日のドラマを見逃しました。","english":"I missed last night's episode."},"freqRank":2298,"score":3,"notes":"kondo dake minogashite: 'let it slide just this once'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":620}],"stage":3,"range":"617-620","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"v-effort-4","label":"Learning and practice","rationale":"Lets you talk about lessons, practice, focus and working out numbers.","interference":"narau needs a teacher, manabu is learning in general, and benkyou suru is studying.","items":[{"id":"w-renshuu-suru","romaji":"renshuu suru","polite":"renshuu shimasu","english":"practise; train","use":"Repeating something to get better: sport, music, speaking.","ja":"練習する","kana":"れんしゅうする","politeJa":"練習します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shiai no mae ni motto renshuu shiyou.","ja":"試合の前にもっと練習しよう。","english":"Let's practise more before the match."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shiai no mae ni motto renshuu shimashou.","ja":"試合の前にもっと練習しましょう。","english":"Let's practise more before the match."},"freqRank":1211,"score":4,"notes":"Also a noun: renshuu ni iku (go to practice).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":621},{"id":"w-shuuchuu-suru","romaji":"shuuchuu suru","polite":"shuuchuu shimasu","english":"concentrate; focus","use":"Usually X ni shuuchuu suru (focus on X), or shuuchuu dekinai (can't focus).","ja":"集中する","kana":"しゅうちゅうする","politeJa":"集中します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko, urusakute shuuchuu dekinai.","ja":"ここ、うるさくて集中できない。","english":"It's too noisy here to focus."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa urusakute shuuchuu dekimasen.","ja":"ここはうるさくて集中できません。","english":"It's too noisy here to focus."},"freqRank":1454,"score":4,"notes":"shuuchuuryoku: concentration, attention span.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":622},{"id":"w-narau","romaji":"narau","polite":"naraimasu","english":"learn (from someone); take lessons","use":"Learning from a teacher or in lessons: piano o narau.","ja":"習う","kana":"ならう","politeJa":"習います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, piano naratteta.","ja":"子供のころ、ピアノ習ってた。","english":"I took piano lessons as a kid."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, piano o naratte imashita.","ja":"子供のころ、ピアノを習っていました。","english":"I took piano lessons as a child."},"freqRank":2868,"score":4,"notes":"For studying on your own, say benkyou suru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":623},{"id":"w-manabu","romaji":"manabu","polite":"manabimasu","english":"learn","use":"Learning in a broad or serious sense, from experience, history or mistakes.","ja":"学ぶ","kana":"まなぶ","politeJa":"学びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono shigoto de iroiro mananda yo.","ja":"この仕事でいろいろ学んだよ。","english":"I learned a lot from this job."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono shigoto de iroiro manabimashita.","ja":"この仕事でいろいろ学びました。","english":"I learned a lot from this job."},"freqRank":1681,"score":3,"notes":"narau needs a teacher; manabu doesn't.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":624},{"id":"w-keisan-suru","romaji":"keisan suru","polite":"keisan shimasu","english":"calculate; work out (numbers)","use":"Working out numbers: a bill, costs, time.","ja":"計算する","kana":"けいさんする","politeJa":"計算します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hitori ikura ka keisan shite.","ja":"一人いくらか計算して。","english":"Work out how much it is each."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hitori ikura ka keisan shite kudasai.","ja":"一人いくらか計算してください。","english":"Please work out how much it is per person."},"freqRank":2514,"score":3,"notes":"keisan doori: exactly as planned. keisan ga hayai: quick with numbers.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":625}],"stage":3,"range":"621-625","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"v-trouble-2","label":"Lies and getting caught","rationale":"Lets you talk about tricking, stealing, covering up and getting caught.","interference":"tsukamaru (get caught) vs tsukamaeru (catch someone).","items":[{"id":"w-bareru","romaji":"bareru","polite":"baremasu","english":"get found out; come out","use":"Informal; a secret, lie or trick coming out.","ja":"バレる","kana":"ばれる","politeJa":"バレます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yabai, kanojo ni bareta.","ja":"やばい、彼女にバレた。","english":"Uh oh, my girlfriend found out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo ni barete shimaimashita.","ja":"彼女にバレてしまいました。","english":"My girlfriend found out."},"freqRank":828,"score":3,"notes":"The person who finds out takes ni: oya ni bareta (my parents found out).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":626},{"id":"w-damasu","romaji":"damasu","polite":"damashimasu","english":"trick; deceive; con","use":"Fooling someone, from a prank to fraud; the passive damasareta (I got tricked) is very common.","ja":"だます","kana":"だます","politeJa":"だまします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"damasareta! zenbu uso datta n da.","ja":"だまされた！全部うそだったんだ。","english":"I got tricked! It was all lies."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"damasaremashita. zenbu uso datta n desu.","ja":"だまされました。全部うそだったんです。","english":"I was tricked. It was all lies."},"freqRank":1070,"score":3,"notes":"Telling a lie is uso o tsuku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":627},{"id":"w-tsukamaru","romaji":"tsukamaru","polite":"tsukamarimasu","english":"get caught; get arrested; hold on to","use":"Being caught by the police or someone chasing you; also grabbing hold: tsurikawa ni tsukamaru (hold the strap).","ja":"捕まる","kana":"つかまる","politeJa":"捕まります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hannin, yatto tsukamatta tte.","ja":"犯人、やっと捕まったって。","english":"I heard they finally caught the guy who did it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hannin ga yatto tsukamatta sou desu.","ja":"犯人がやっと捕まったそうです。","english":"I hear the culprit has finally been caught."},"freqRank":1406,"score":3,"notes":"tsukamaeru is 'catch' (someone catches you). Also 'reach someone': kare ni tsukamaranai (I can't get hold of him).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":628},{"id":"w-nusumu","romaji":"nusumu","polite":"nusumimasu","english":"steal","use":"For 'had X stolen', use the passive: X o nusumareta.","ja":"盗む","kana":"ぬすむ","politeJa":"盗みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"densha de saifu nusumareta!","ja":"電車で財布盗まれた！","english":"Someone stole my wallet on the train!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"densha de saifu o nusumaremashita.","ja":"電車で財布を盗まれました。","english":"My wallet was stolen on the train."},"freqRank":1511,"score":3,"notes":"A thief is dorobou.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":629},{"id":"w-gomakasu","romaji":"gomakasu","polite":"gomakashimasu","english":"cover up; dodge; fudge","use":"Dodging the truth by laughing it off, changing the subject or fudging the numbers.","ja":"ごまかす","kana":"ごまかす","politeJa":"ごまかします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomakasanai de, chanto kotaete.","ja":"ごまかさないで、ちゃんと答えて。","english":"Don't dodge it, give me a straight answer."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gomakasanai de, chanto kotaete kudasai.","ja":"ごまかさないで、ちゃんと答えてください。","english":"Please don't dodge it, give me a straight answer."},"freqRank":1820,"score":3,"notes":"warai de gomakasu: laugh it off. Milder than damasu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":630}],"stage":3,"range":"626-630","category":"Verbs: trouble and conflict"},{"id":"n-people-1","label":"Men, women, people","rationale":"Lets you talk about men, women and people in general.","interference":"otoko and onna sound blunt about a specific person; josei or otoko no hito is the polite choice.","items":[{"id":"w-otoko","romaji":"otoko","polite":null,"english":"man; guy","use":"On its own it sounds blunt about a specific man; otoko no hito is the neutral way to say 'a man'.","ja":"男","kana":"おとこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"otoko tte hontou ni baka da yo ne.","ja":"男って本当にバカだよね。","english":"Men are so dumb, aren't they?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"otoko tte hontou ni baka desu yo ne.","ja":"男って本当にバカですよね。","english":"Men are so dumb, aren't they?"},"freqRank":159,"score":4,"notes":"otoko no ko is a boy. Opposite: onna.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":631},{"id":"w-onna","romaji":"onna","polite":null,"english":"woman","use":"On its own it sounds blunt, even rude, about a specific woman; onna no hito is the neutral way to say 'a woman'.","ja":"女","kana":"おんな","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"onna tte muzukashii na.","ja":"女って難しいな。","english":"Women are hard to figure out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"onna tte muzukashii desu ne.","ja":"女って難しいですね。","english":"Women are hard to figure out, aren't they?"},"freqRank":247,"score":4,"notes":"onna no ko is a girl. Opposite: otoko.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":632},{"id":"w-ningen","romaji":"ningen","polite":null,"english":"human; person","use":"Stresses being human or what kind of person someone is; for 'a person' in daily talk, hito is the usual word.","ja":"人間","kana":"にんげん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ningen dakara, machigai mo aru yo.","ja":"人間だから、間違いもあるよ。","english":"We're only human. Mistakes happen."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ningen desu kara, machigai mo arimasu yo.","ja":"人間ですから、間違いもありますよ。","english":"We're only human. Mistakes happen."},"freqRank":223,"score":3,"notes":"ningen kankei: relationships with the people around you, at work or school.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":633},{"id":"w-josei","romaji":"josei","polite":null,"english":"woman; female","use":"The polite, neutral word for a woman, common in news, shops and whenever you want to sound respectful.","ja":"女性","kana":"じょせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano josei, dare da ka shitteru?","ja":"あの女性、誰だか知ってる？","english":"Do you know who that woman is?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano josei, dare da ka shitte imasu ka?","ja":"あの女性、誰だか知っていますか？","english":"Do you know who that woman is?"},"freqRank":501,"score":3,"notes":"The male counterpart is dansei. Softer than onna.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":634}],"stage":3,"range":"631-634","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-10","label":"Boss and coworkers","rationale":"Lets you talk about the people you work with.","interference":"joushi is above you, buka below you, douryou beside you.","items":[{"id":"w-joushi","romaji":"joushi","polite":null,"english":"boss; superior","use":"Anyone above you at work; said about them, not to them.","ja":"上司","kana":"じょうし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"joushi ni mata okorareta.","ja":"上司にまた怒られた。","english":"My boss yelled at me again."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"joushi ni mata okoraremashita.","ja":"上司にまた怒られました。","english":"I got scolded by my boss again."},"freqRank":1728,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: buka (subordinate). To their face, use their title or name plus san.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":635},{"id":"w-shain","romaji":"shain","polite":null,"english":"employee; staff member","use":"A company's own staff; seishain is a full-time regular employee.","ja":"社員","kana":"しゃいん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito, uchi no shain ja nai yo.","ja":"あの人、うちの社員じゃないよ。","english":"That guy doesn't work for us."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano hito wa uchi no shain ja arimasen.","ja":"あの人はうちの社員じゃありません。","english":"That person isn't one of our employees."},"freqRank":1934,"score":3,"notes":"kaishain (office worker) is a common answer to 'what do you do?'","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":636},{"id":"w-buka","romaji":"buka","polite":null,"english":"subordinate; someone on your team","use":"Said about people who report to you, never to address them.","ja":"部下","kana":"ぶか","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"buka ga yamechatta n da.","ja":"部下が辞めちゃったんだ。","english":"One of my team quit."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"buka ga yamete shimatta n desu.","ja":"部下が辞めてしまったんです。","english":"One of my staff quit."},"freqRank":1955,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: joushi (boss).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":637},{"id":"w-douryou","romaji":"douryou","polite":null,"english":"coworker; colleague","use":"People at your level at work.","ja":"同僚","kana":"どうりょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, douryou to nomi ni itta.","ja":"昨日、同僚と飲みに行った。","english":"I went drinking with coworkers yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou, douryou to nomi ni ikimashita.","ja":"昨日、同僚と飲みに行きました。","english":"I went for drinks with coworkers yesterday."},"freqRank":2345,"score":3,"notes":"In chat people often just say kaisha no hito.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":638}],"stage":3,"range":"635-638","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-13","label":"Teams and groups","rationale":"Lets you talk about groups and the roles in them.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-daihyou","romaji":"daihyou","polite":null,"english":"representative; on behalf of","use":"Often X no daihyou (representing X), and for national teams: nihon daihyou.","ja":"代表","kana":"だいひょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kurasu no daihyou de supiichi suru n da.","ja":"クラスの代表でスピーチするんだ。","english":"I'm giving a speech for our class."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kurasu no daihyou de supiichi o shimasu.","ja":"クラスの代表でスピーチをします。","english":"I'll give a speech on behalf of the class."},"freqRank":1792,"score":3,"notes":"Also a title for the head of a company or group.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":639},{"id":"w-menbaa","romaji":"menbaa","polite":null,"english":"member (of a team, band or group)","use":"Also the lineup of people at an event: kyou no menbaa.","ja":"メンバー","kana":"メンバー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou no menbaa, dare?","ja":"今日のメンバー、誰？","english":"Who's coming today?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou no menbaa wa dare desu ka?","ja":"今日のメンバーは誰ですか？","english":"Who's in the group today?"},"freqRank":1966,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":640},{"id":"w-guruupu","romaji":"guruupu","polite":null,"english":"group","use":"Also a group chat or a pop group.","ja":"グループ","kana":"グループ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"guruupu ni shashin okuttoku ne.","ja":"グループに写真送っとくね。","english":"I'll send the photos to the group."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"guruupu ni shashin o okutte okimasu ne.","ja":"グループに写真を送っておきますね。","english":"I'll send the photos to the group."},"freqRank":2106,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":641},{"id":"w-riidaa","romaji":"riidaa","polite":null,"english":"leader","use":null,"ja":"リーダー","kana":"リーダー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"riidaa wa dare ga yaru?","ja":"リーダーは誰がやる？","english":"Who's going to be the leader?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"riidaa wa dare ga yarimasu ka?","ja":"リーダーは誰がやりますか？","english":"Who will be the leader?"},"freqRank":2931,"score":3,"notes":"Usually with yaru or naru: riidaa ni naru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":642}],"stage":3,"range":"639-642","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-6","label":"Students and classmates","rationale":"Lets you talk about the people you studied with.","interference":"gakusei is mostly university students; seito is school pupils.","items":[{"id":"w-gakusei","romaji":"gakusei","polite":null,"english":"student","use":"Mainly university students; school kids are usually seito.","ja":"学生","kana":"がくせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mada gakusei na no?","ja":"まだ学生なの？","english":"You're still a student?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mada gakusei desu ka?","ja":"まだ学生ですか？","english":"Are you still a student?"},"freqRank":1826,"score":4,"notes":"gakusei waribiki = student discount.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":643},{"id":"w-kouhai","romaji":"kouhai","polite":null,"english":"junior (at school or work)","use":"Someone who joined after you; they call you senpai.","ja":"後輩","kana":"こうはい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, kouhai ni moratta n da.","ja":"これ、後輩にもらったんだ。","english":"I got this from one of my juniors."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa kouhai ni moraimashita.","ja":"これは後輩にもらいました。","english":"One of my juniors gave me this."},"freqRank":2047,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: senpai. Who joined first decides it, not age.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":644},{"id":"w-seito","romaji":"seito","polite":null,"english":"pupil; student","use":"School students, especially junior high and high school; also someone taking lessons.","ja":"生徒","kana":"せいと","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano sensei, seito ni ninki aru yo.","ja":"あの先生、生徒に人気あるよ。","english":"That teacher is popular with the students."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano sensei wa seito ni ninki ga arimasu.","ja":"あの先生は生徒に人気があります。","english":"That teacher is popular with the students."},"freqRank":2040,"score":3,"notes":"Mix-up: university students are gakusei.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":645},{"id":"w-doukyuusei","romaji":"doukyuusei","polite":null,"english":"classmate; someone in your year at school","use":"Same year at school, even if not the same class.","ja":"同級生","kana":"どうきゅうせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, koukou no doukyuusei na n da.","ja":"彼、高校の同級生なんだ。","english":"He was in my year in high school."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa koukou no doukyuusei desu.","ja":"彼は高校の同級生です。","english":"We were in the same year in high school."},"freqRank":2175,"score":3,"notes":"kurasumeito means the same class only.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":646}],"stage":3,"range":"643-646","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-15","label":"Men and women by setting","rationale":"Words for men and women in formal, group and rough talk.","interference":"dansei is formal and ossan is rude; joshi and danshi are casual group words.","items":[{"id":"w-dansei","romaji":"dansei","polite":null,"english":"man; male","use":"The neutral, polite word used on forms, in shops and on the news; in chat people say otoko no hito.","ja":"男性","kana":"だんせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dansei no hou ga ooi ne.","ja":"男性の方が多いね。","english":"There are more men, huh."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dansei no hou ga ooi desu ne.","ja":"男性の方が多いですね。","english":"There are more men, aren't there?"},"freqRank":1122,"score":3,"notes":"Pairs with josei (woman).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":647},{"id":"w-joshi","romaji":"joshi","polite":null,"english":"girls; women","use":"Used casually for women of any age, and in school and sports for the girls' side.","ja":"女子","kana":"じょし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa joshi dake de nomu n da.","ja":"今日は女子だけで飲むんだ。","english":"Tonight it's just us girls drinking."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa joshi dake de nomimasu.","ja":"今日は女子だけで飲みます。","english":"Tonight it's just the women drinking."},"freqRank":1547,"score":3,"notes":"Pairs with danshi. joshikai = a girls' night out.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":648},{"id":"w-danshi","romaji":"danshi","polite":null,"english":"boys; guys","use":"Used casually for males of any age, and in school and sports for the boys' side.","ja":"男子","kana":"だんし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"danshi tte, honto kodomo da yo ne.","ja":"男子って、ほんと子供だよね。","english":"Guys are such kids, right?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"danshi tte hontou ni kodomo desu yo ne.","ja":"男子って本当に子供ですよね。","english":"Guys really are like kids, aren't they?"},"freqRank":2770,"score":3,"notes":"Pairs with joshi.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":649},{"id":"w-ossan","romaji":"ossan","polite":null,"english":"middle-aged guy; old man","use":"Casual and a bit rude; men also use it about themselves as a joke.","ja":"おっさん","kana":"おっさん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["rough"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou ossan da kara, tetsuya muri.","ja":"もうおっさんだから、徹夜無理。","english":"I'm an old man now, I can't pull all-nighters."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":2844,"score":4,"notes":"The politer word is ojisan; for women, obasan.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":650}],"stage":3,"range":"647-650","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-5","label":"Babies kids and age","rationale":"Lets you talk about babies, kids, young people and who is older.","interference":"gaki is rude; the neutral word for a kid is kodomo.","items":[{"id":"w-akachan","romaji":"akachan","polite":null,"english":"baby","use":null,"ja":"赤ちゃん","kana":"あかちゃん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"akachan neteru kara, shizuka ni ne.","ja":"赤ちゃん寝てるから、静かにね。","english":"The baby's asleep, so keep it down."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"akachan ga nete iru node, shizuka ni shite kudasai.","ja":"赤ちゃんが寝ているので、静かにしてください。","english":"The baby is sleeping, so please be quiet."},"freqRank":2204,"score":4,"notes":"Also for baby animals: neko no akachan (a kitten).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":651},{"id":"w-toshiue","romaji":"toshiue","polite":null,"english":"older (than someone)","use":"Often X no hou ga toshiue (X is older) or toshiue no hito (an older person).","ja":"年上","kana":"としうえ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo, futatsu toshiue na n da.","ja":"彼女、二つ年上なんだ。","english":"She's two years older than me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo wa futatsu toshiue desu.","ja":"彼女は二つ年上です。","english":"She's two years older than me."},"freqRank":3068,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: toshishita (younger).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":652},{"id":"w-gaki","romaji":"gaki","polite":null,"english":"brat; kid","use":"Rough and often insulting; also used to call an adult childish.","ja":"ガキ","kana":"ガキ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["rough"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"omae, mada gaki da na.","ja":"お前、まだガキだな。","english":"You're still such a kid."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1951,"score":3,"notes":"The neutral word is kodomo.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":653},{"id":"w-wakamono","romaji":"wakamono","polite":null,"english":"young people; the youth","use":"Young people as a group, often said by older people or the media.","ja":"若者","kana":"わかもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin no wakamono wa terebi minai yo ne.","ja":"最近の若者はテレビ見ないよね。","english":"Young people these days don't watch TV, right?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin no wakamono wa terebi o mimasen ne.","ja":"最近の若者はテレビを見ませんね。","english":"Young people these days don't watch TV."},"freqRank":2323,"score":3,"notes":"wakai hito is the softer everyday way to say it.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":654}],"stage":3,"range":"651-654","category":"People"},{"id":"n-life-2","label":"Plans and occasions","rationale":"Lets you talk about plans, this time, today and the other day.","interference":"honjitsu and senjitsu are formal; in chat use kyou and kono aida.","items":[{"id":"w-konkai","romaji":"konkai","polite":null,"english":"this time","use":"The current occasion, compared with past or future ones.","ja":"今回","kana":"こんかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konkai wa watashi ga ogoru yo.","ja":"今回は私がおごるよ。","english":"This time it's my treat."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konkai wa watashi ga ogorimasu.","ja":"今回は私がおごります。","english":"This time it's on me."},"freqRank":372,"score":4,"notes":"Last time is zenkai. kondo can mean this time but usually means next time.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":655},{"id":"w-yotei","romaji":"yotei","polite":null,"english":"plans; schedule","use":"yotei ga aru = I have plans; after a verb it means you plan to do it.","ja":"予定","kana":"よてい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuumatsu, nanika yotei aru?","ja":"週末、何か予定ある？","english":"Got any plans this weekend?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuumatsu wa nanika yotei ga arimasu ka?","ja":"週末は何か予定がありますか？","english":"Do you have any plans this weekend?"},"freqRank":843,"score":4,"notes":"ashita iku yotei = I'm planning to go tomorrow.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":656},{"id":"w-honjitsu","romaji":"honjitsu","polite":null,"english":"today","use":"The formal word heard in shops, announcements and business; in chat say kyou.","ja":"本日","kana":"ほんじつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"honjitsu wa arigatou gozaimashita.","ja":"本日はありがとうございました。","english":"Thank you for today."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":859,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":657},{"id":"w-senjitsu","romaji":"senjitsu","polite":null,"english":"the other day","use":"Polite; in chat people say kono aida.","ja":"先日","kana":"せんじつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"senjitsu wa osewa ni narimashita.","ja":"先日はお世話になりました。","english":"Thank you for your help the other day."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1182,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":658}],"stage":3,"range":"655-658","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-life-4","label":"Past present and future","rationale":"Lets you talk about the past, the present and the future.","interference":"mirai is the big future; your own future is shourai.","items":[{"id":"w-jidai","romaji":"jidai","polite":null,"english":"era; period; days (of your life)","use":"Also for periods of your own life: gakusei jidai (student days).","ja":"時代","kana":"じだい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gakusei jidai wa okane nakatta naa.","ja":"学生時代はお金なかったなあ。","english":"I had no money back in my student days."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gakusei jidai wa okane ga arimasen deshita.","ja":"学生時代はお金がありませんでした。","english":"I didn't have any money in my student days."},"freqRank":718,"score":3,"notes":"jidai ga chigau (times have changed) is a common line.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":659},{"id":"w-mirai","romaji":"mirai","polite":null,"english":"the future","use":"The big, open-ended future.","ja":"未来","kana":"みらい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mirai no koto nante wakannai yo.","ja":"未来のことなんてわかんないよ。","english":"Nobody knows the future."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mirai no koto wa wakarimasen yo.","ja":"未来のことはわかりませんよ。","english":"No one can know the future."},"freqRank":893,"score":3,"notes":"Mix-up: your own future (career, plans) is usually shourai.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":660},{"id":"w-kako","romaji":"kako","polite":null,"english":"the past","use":"Often someone's history: kako no koto (what happened before).","ja":"過去","kana":"かこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kako no koto wa mou ii yo.","ja":"過去のことはもういいよ。","english":"Let's forget about the past."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kako no koto wa mou ii desu.","ja":"過去のことはもういいです。","english":"The past doesn't matter anymore."},"freqRank":916,"score":3,"notes":"For 'long ago', mukashi is often more natural.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":661},{"id":"w-genzai","romaji":"genzai","polite":null,"english":"now; currently; the present","use":"Sounds formal, as on forms, news and announcements; in chat say ima.","ja":"現在","kana":"げんざい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"genzai no juusho, koko ni kaite ne.","ja":"現在の住所、ここに書いてね。","english":"Write your current address here."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"genzai no juusho o koko ni kaite kudasai.","ja":"現在の住所をここに書いてください。","english":"Please write your current address here."},"freqRank":1194,"score":3,"notes":"genzaichi = 'you are here' on maps.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":662}],"stage":3,"range":"659-662","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-life-5","label":"Pointing to a time","rationale":"Lets you place events in time: back when, before, from now, the moment.","interference":"izen and kongo are a bit formal; in chat use mae and kore kara.","items":[{"id":"w-koro","romaji":"koro","polite":null,"english":"time when; around (a time)","use":"Follows a description: kodomo no koro (when I was a kid).","ja":"頃","kana":"ころ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, koko de yoku asondeta.","ja":"子供の頃、ここでよく遊んでた。","english":"I used to play here a lot as a kid."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, koko de yoku asonde imashita.","ja":"子供の頃、ここでよく遊んでいました。","english":"I often played here when I was a child."},"freqRank":822,"score":4,"notes":"After a clock time it becomes -goro: sanji goro (around three).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":663},{"id":"w-kongo","romaji":"kongo","polite":null,"english":"from now on; in future","use":"A bit formal; in chat people mostly say kore kara.","ja":"今後","kana":"こんご","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kongo ki o tsukete ne.","ja":"今後気をつけてね。","english":"Be more careful from now on."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kongo wa ki o tsukemasu.","ja":"今後は気をつけます。","english":"I'll be more careful from now on."},"freqRank":958,"score":3,"notes":"kongo tomo yoroshiku onegai shimasu is a set business sign-off.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":664},{"id":"w-shunkan","romaji":"shunkan","polite":null,"english":"moment; the instant (something happens)","use":"After a past-form verb: mita shunkan (the moment I saw it).","ja":"瞬間","kana":"しゅんかん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kao mita shunkan, wakatta yo.","ja":"顔見た瞬間、わかったよ。","english":"I knew the moment I saw his face."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kao o mita shunkan, wakarimashita.","ja":"顔を見た瞬間、わかりました。","english":"I knew the instant I saw his face."},"freqRank":1042,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":665},{"id":"w-izen","romaji":"izen","polite":null,"english":"before; previously","use":"A little formal; in chat people usually say mae.","ja":"以前","kana":"いぜん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"izen koko de hataraiteta n da.","ja":"以前ここで働いてたんだ。","english":"I used to work here."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"izen koko de hataraite imashita.","ja":"以前ここで働いていました。","english":"I used to work here."},"freqRank":1063,"score":3,"notes":"X izen = X or earlier: sanji izen (by three).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":666}],"stage":3,"range":"663-666","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-life-10","label":"The future and chances","rationale":"Lets you talk about what's ahead and the chances you get.","interference":"Kikai (an opportunity) vs kanousei (a likelihood); shourai vs mirai for 'future'.","items":[{"id":"w-shourai","romaji":"shourai","polite":null,"english":"the future; in the future","use":"Your own future, career and life plans: shourai no yume (your dream for the future).","ja":"将来","kana":"しょうらい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shourai, nani ni naritai?","ja":"将来、何になりたい?","english":"What do you want to be when you grow up?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shourai, nani ni naritai desu ka?","ja":"将来、何になりたいですか?","english":"What would you like to do in the future?"},"freqRank":1228,"score":4,"notes":"Mirai is the future in general (the world, sci-fi); shourai is a person's own.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":667},{"id":"w-taimingu","romaji":"taimingu","polite":null,"english":"timing; the right moment","use":null,"ja":"タイミング","kana":"タイミング","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto taimingu ga warukatta ne","ja":"ちょっとタイミングが悪かったね","english":"The timing was a bit off, huh."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto taimingu ga warukatta desu ne","ja":"ちょっとタイミングが悪かったですね","english":"The timing was a bit off, wasn't it?"},"freqRank":1237,"score":4,"notes":"Taimingu ga ii = good timing. Taimingu o miru = wait for the right moment.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":668},{"id":"w-kanousei","romaji":"kanousei","polite":null,"english":"possibility; chance; potential","use":"How likely something is (~ kanousei ga aru, it might ~), or someone's potential.","ja":"可能性","kana":"かのうせい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ame ni naru kanousei mo aru yo","ja":"雨になる可能性もあるよ","english":"There's a chance it'll rain, too."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ame ni naru kanousei mo arimasu yo","ja":"雨になる可能性もありますよ","english":"There's a chance it'll rain, too."},"freqRank":683,"score":3,"notes":"Kanousei wa zero ja nai = it's not impossible. An opportunity is kikai, not kanousei.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":669},{"id":"w-kono-saki","romaji":"kono saki","polite":null,"english":"from now on; up ahead","use":"Both time (from here on) and place (further along this way).","ja":"この先","kana":"このさき","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono saki dou naru ka wakaranai","ja":"この先どうなるかわからない","english":"I don't know what'll happen from here."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono saki dou naru ka wakarimasen","ja":"この先どうなるかわかりません","english":"I don't know what'll happen from here."},"freqRank":1213,"score":3,"notes":"For places: eki wa kono saki desu (the station is just up ahead). For time, kore kara is the plainer word.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":670},{"id":"w-kikai","romaji":"kikai","polite":null,"english":"chance; opportunity; occasion","use":"A chance to do something: ~ kikai ga aru / nai. Mata no kikai ni = some other time.","ja":"機会","kana":"きかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nakanaka au kikai ga nai ne","ja":"なかなか会う機会がないね","english":"We hardly ever get a chance to meet, huh."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nakanaka au kikai ga arimasen ne","ja":"なかなか会う機会がありませんね","english":"We hardly ever get a chance to meet, do we?"},"freqRank":1427,"score":3,"notes":"Sounds the same as kikai (machine). Chansu is the casual, big-break 'chance'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":671}],"stage":3,"range":"667-671","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-life-7","label":"Memories and stories","rationale":"Lets you tell a memory: what happened one day and what you remember.","interference":"Omoide is a fond memory; kioku is what your brain stored.","items":[{"id":"w-kioku","romaji":"kioku","polite":null,"english":"memory; recollection","use":"What you can recall: kioku ga nai (I don't remember), kioku o ushinau (lose your memory).","ja":"記憶","kana":"きおく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono hi no kioku ga zenzen nai","ja":"その日の記憶が全然ない","english":"I have no memory of that day at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono hi no kioku ga zenzen arimasen","ja":"その日の記憶が全然ありません","english":"I have no memory of that day at all."},"freqRank":1217,"score":3,"notes":"A cherished memory is omoide. Kiokuryoku = memory as a skill.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":672},{"id":"w-aru-hi","romaji":"aru hi","polite":null,"english":"one day (in a story)","use":"Opens a story about a past day; not for a future 'someday'.","ja":"ある日","kana":"あるひ","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aru hi, kyuu ni kare kara denwa ga kita","ja":"ある日、急に彼から電話が来た","english":"Then one day he suddenly called me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"aru hi, kyuu ni kare kara denwa ga kimashita","ja":"ある日、急に彼から電話が来ました","english":"Then one day he suddenly called me."},"freqRank":2112,"score":3,"notes":"Someday in the future is itsuka. Aru means 'a certain', as in aru hito (someone).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":673},{"id":"w-dekigoto","romaji":"dekigoto","polite":null,"english":"event; something that happened","use":"Any happening, big or small: kyou no dekigoto (what happened today).","ja":"出来事","kana":"できごと","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano dekigoto wa ima demo wasurerarenai","ja":"あの出来事は今でも忘れられない","english":"I still can't forget what happened that time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano dekigoto wa ima demo wasureraremasen","ja":"あの出来事は今でも忘れられません","english":"I still can't forget what happened that time."},"freqRank":2810,"score":3,"notes":"In casual speech people often just say koto: hen na koto ga atta. A planned event is ibento.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":674}],"stage":3,"range":"672-674","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-mind-1","label":"Happiness and thanks","rationale":"Lets you say you're happy, grateful, smiling or still hopeful.","interference":"Shiawase is deep happiness; for 'glad about this one thing' learners should still reach for ureshii.","items":[{"id":"w-shiawase","romaji":"shiawase","polite":"shiawase desu","english":"happy; happiness","use":"For a warm, settled happiness about your life or a moment.","ja":"幸せ","kana":"しあわせ","politeJa":"幸せです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oishii mono tabeteru toki ga ichiban shiawase","ja":"おいしいもの食べてる時が一番幸せ","english":"I'm happiest when I'm eating something good."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"oishii mono o tabete iru toki ga ichiban shiawase desu","ja":"おいしいものを食べている時が一番幸せです","english":"I'm happiest when I'm eating something good."},"freqRank":338,"score":4,"notes":"Glad about one specific thing (good news, a gift) is ureshii, not shiawase.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":675},{"id":"w-kansha-suru","romaji":"kansha suru","polite":"kansha shimasu","english":"be grateful; gratitude","use":"Heavier than arigatou: deep thanks, often to family or for long-term help.","ja":"感謝する","kana":"かんしゃする","politeJa":"感謝します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oya ni wa hontou ni kansha shiteru","ja":"親には本当に感謝してる","english":"I'm really grateful to my parents."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ryoushin ni wa hontou ni kansha shite imasu","ja":"両親には本当に感謝しています","english":"I'm truly grateful to my parents."},"freqRank":717,"score":3,"notes":"Grateful to someone: [person] ni kansha suru. Kansha shika nai = I can't thank you enough.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":676},{"id":"w-egao","romaji":"egao","polite":null,"english":"smile; smiling face","use":"The smile as a thing someone has; the verb 'to smile' is warau.","ja":"笑顔","kana":"えがお","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano ko, egao ga kawaii yo ne","ja":"あの子、笑顔がかわいいよね","english":"She's got a cute smile, hasn't she?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano kata wa egao ga suteki desu ne","ja":"あの方は笑顔がすてきですね","english":"She has a lovely smile, doesn't she?"},"freqRank":927,"score":3,"notes":"Egao de = with a smile. Egao ni naru = break into a smile.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":677},{"id":"w-kibou","romaji":"kibou","polite":null,"english":"hope; wish; preference","use":"Big-picture hope (there's still hope), and in bookings or shops, what you'd prefer.","ja":"希望","kana":"きぼう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mada kibou wa aru yo","ja":"まだ希望はあるよ","english":"There's still hope."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mada kibou wa arimasu yo","ja":"まだ希望はありますよ","english":"There's still hope."},"freqRank":1002,"score":3,"notes":"Kibou no jikan = the time you'd like (for a delivery or booking). For personal dreams, people often say yume.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":678}],"stage":3,"range":"675-678","category":"Mind and feelings"},{"id":"n-mind-7","label":"Sensing and feeling","rationale":"Lets you say something feels off, you've got a hunch, or you can't feel your hands.","interference":"Kankaku (sensation) vs kanjou (emotion), both 'feeling' in English.","items":[{"id":"w-iwakan","romaji":"iwakan","polite":null,"english":"a sense that something's off","use":"Usually iwakan ga aru: something feels wrong or not quite right, in a situation or in your body.","ja":"違和感","kana":"いわかん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atarashii megane, mada chotto iwakan ga aru","ja":"新しいメガネ、まだちょっと違和感がある","english":"My new glasses still feel a bit weird."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atarashii megane, mada chotto iwakan ga arimasu","ja":"新しいメガネ、まだちょっと違和感があります","english":"My new glasses still feel a little strange."},"freqRank":4487,"score":4,"notes":"Also for stories or behavior that don't add up: kare no hanashi ni iwakan ga aru (something's off about his story).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":679},{"id":"w-ishiki","romaji":"ishiki","polite":null,"english":"consciousness; awareness","use":"Being conscious (ishiki ga nai, he's out cold) and being aware of something (~ o ishiki suru).","ja":"意識","kana":"いしき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, mada ishiki ga modoranai","ja":"彼、まだ意識が戻らない","english":"He still hasn't come round."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa mada ishiki ga modorimasen","ja":"彼はまだ意識が戻りません","english":"He still hasn't regained consciousness."},"freqRank":1259,"score":3,"notes":"Ishiki shiteru = be conscious of someone, often a hint of a crush. Muishiki ni = without thinking.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":680},{"id":"w-kanjou","romaji":"kanjou","polite":null,"english":"emotion; feelings","use":"Emotions as a whole, often about showing or holding them in; 'how I feel' right now is kimochi.","ja":"感情","kana":"かんじょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare wa kanjou o kao ni dasanai","ja":"彼は感情を顔に出さない","english":"He doesn't let his feelings show on his face."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa kanjou o kao ni dashimasen","ja":"彼は感情を顔に出しません","english":"He doesn't let his feelings show on his face."},"freqRank":1412,"score":3,"notes":"Kanjouteki ni naru = get emotional. Same sound as kanjou, the bill at a restaurant.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":681},{"id":"w-kankaku","romaji":"kankaku","polite":null,"english":"sense; feel; feeling (in the body)","use":"Physical sensation (te no kankaku ga nai, no feeling in my hand) and a feel for things.","ja":"感覚","kana":"かんかく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"samusugite yubi no kankaku ga nai","ja":"寒すぎて指の感覚がない","english":"It's so cold I can't feel my fingers."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"samusugite yubi no kankaku ga arimasen","ja":"寒すぎて指の感覚がありません","english":"It's so cold I can't feel my fingers."},"freqRank":2512,"score":3,"notes":"Kankaku de = by feel, by instinct. Emotions are kanjou, not kankaku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":682},{"id":"w-yokan","romaji":"yokan","polite":null,"english":"hunch; feeling (something will happen)","use":"Almost always ~ yokan ga suru: iya na yokan ga suru (I've got a bad feeling).","ja":"予感","kana":"よかん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanka iya na yokan ga suru","ja":"なんか嫌な予感がする","english":"I've got a bad feeling about this."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nandaka iya na yokan ga shimasu","ja":"なんだか嫌な予感がします","english":"I have a bad feeling about this."},"freqRank":2760,"score":3,"notes":"Ii yokan = a good feeling about it. Yokan ga ataru = your hunch turns out right.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":683}],"stage":3,"range":"679-683","category":"Mind and feelings"},{"id":"n-abstract-2","label":"Reasons and facts","rationale":"Lets you give the why, the facts, the backstory and who's to blame.","interference":"Jijitsu (fact) vs jitsu wa (actually) vs jijou (circumstances).","items":[{"id":"w-riyuu","romaji":"riyuu","polite":null,"english":"reason","use":"Asking or giving the why: riyuu wa? (why?), riyuu ga aru (there's a reason).","ja":"理由","kana":"りゆう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"betsu ni riyuu wa nai kedo","ja":"別に理由はないけど","english":"No particular reason, though."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"betsu ni riyuu wa arimasen kedo","ja":"別に理由はありませんけど","english":"There's no particular reason, though."},"freqRank":374,"score":3,"notes":"To just ask why, people say naze or doushite. An excuse is iiwake.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":684},{"id":"w-sekinin","romaji":"sekinin","polite":null,"english":"responsibility; blame","use":"Taking or placing blame: ~ no sekinin (someone's fault).","ja":"責任","kana":"せきにん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zenbu watashi no sekinin da yo","ja":"全部私の責任だよ","english":"It's all my fault."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"subete watashi no sekinin desu","ja":"すべて私の責任です","english":"It's entirely my responsibility."},"freqRank":758,"score":3,"notes":"Sekinin o toru = take responsibility. Sekininkan = a sense of responsibility.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":685},{"id":"w-jijitsu","romaji":"jijitsu","polite":null,"english":"fact; the truth","use":"What actually happened, as opposed to rumor or opinion.","ja":"事実","kana":"じじつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"uwasa ja nakute jijitsu da yo","ja":"噂じゃなくて事実だよ","english":"It's not a rumor, it's a fact."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"uwasa de wa naku jijitsu desu","ja":"噂ではなく事実です","english":"It's not a rumor, it's a fact."},"freqRank":962,"score":3,"notes":"Don't mix it up with jitsu wa (actually, to be honest). The everyday 'true' is hontou.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":686},{"id":"w-jijou","romaji":"jijou","polite":null,"english":"circumstances; reasons; situation","use":"The background behind something, often private: jijou ga aru (there are reasons I'd rather not explain).","ja":"事情","kana":"じじょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ironna jijou ga atte, ikenaku natta","ja":"いろんな事情があって、行けなくなった","english":"Some things came up, so now I can't go."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"iroiro na jijou ga atte, ikenaku narimashita","ja":"いろいろな事情があって、行けなくなりました","english":"Due to various circumstances, I'm no longer able to go."},"freqRank":971,"score":3,"notes":"A polite, vague way to avoid explaining. Joukyou is the situation as it stands now.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":687}],"stage":3,"range":"684-687","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-abstract-6","label":"Trouble and limits","rationale":"Lets you apologise for trouble and say you've had enough.","interference":"Toraburu is something going wrong; meiwaku is trouble you cause someone.","items":[{"id":"w-genkai","romaji":"genkai","polite":null,"english":"limit; breaking point","use":"Often 'mou genkai' (I can't take any more) when tired, full or fed up.","ja":"限界","kana":"げんかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou genkai, chotto yasumou.","ja":"もう限界、ちょっと休もう。","english":"I can't go on, let's take a break."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou genkai desu, chotto yasumimashou.","ja":"もう限界です、ちょっと休みましょう。","english":"I've hit my limit, let's take a break."},"freqRank":1634,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":688},{"id":"w-gomeiwaku","romaji":"gomeiwaku","polite":null,"english":"trouble, inconvenience (caused to someone)","use":"The polite form of meiwaku, used mostly in set apologies.","ja":"ご迷惑","kana":"ごめいわく","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomeiwaku o okake shite, sumimasen deshita.","ja":"ご迷惑をおかけして、すみませんでした。","english":"I'm sorry for all the trouble I caused you."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1466,"score":3,"notes":"Casually it's plain meiwaku: meiwaku kakete gomen (sorry for the bother).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":689},{"id":"w-toraburu","romaji":"toraburu","polite":null,"english":"trouble, a problem; a dispute","use":"Something going wrong, like a breakdown, a mix-up or a falling-out.","ja":"トラブル","kana":"トラブル","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shigoto de chotto toraburu ga atte.","ja":"仕事でちょっとトラブルがあって。","english":"There was a bit of trouble at work."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shigoto de chotto toraburu ga arimashite.","ja":"仕事でちょっとトラブルがありまして。","english":"There was a bit of trouble at work."},"freqRank":1931,"score":3,"notes":"For trouble you cause someone, the word is meiwaku; for being in trouble with someone, okorareru (get told off).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":690},{"id":"w-futan","romaji":"futan","polite":null,"english":"burden; cost, share (of a bill)","use":"Futan ni naru = become a burden; futan o kakeru = put a burden on someone.","ja":"負担","kana":"ふたん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare ni futan kaketakunai n da.","ja":"彼に負担かけたくないんだ。","english":"I don't want to be a burden on him."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare ni futan o kaketakunai n desu.","ja":"彼に負担をかけたくないんです。","english":"I don't want to be a burden on him."},"freqRank":2877,"score":3,"notes":"Futan suru = pay, cover a cost.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":691}],"stage":3,"range":"688-691","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-abstract-9","label":"Basics and conditions","rationale":"Lets you talk through what something involves and choose between options.","interference":"Jouken means terms, not physical condition.","items":[{"id":"w-kihon","romaji":"kihon","polite":null,"english":"the basics; basically","use":"Kihon (or kihonteki ni) at the start of a sentence = basically, as a rule.","ja":"基本","kana":"きほん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kihon, yoru wa jisui shiteru.","ja":"基本、夜は自炊してる。","english":"I basically cook for myself in the evenings."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kihonteki ni, yoru wa jisui shite imasu.","ja":"基本的に、夜は自炊しています。","english":"I basically cook for myself in the evenings."},"freqRank":2271,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":692},{"id":"w-jouken","romaji":"jouken","polite":null,"english":"condition; terms, requirements","use":"For the terms of a deal, a job or a flat; X ga jouken = on condition that X.","ja":"条件","kana":"じょうけん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hitotsu dake jouken ga aru.","ja":"一つだけ条件がある。","english":"I've got one condition."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hitotsu dake jouken ga arimasu.","ja":"一つだけ条件があります。","english":"I have just one condition."},"freqRank":1339,"score":3,"notes":"Not physical condition; that's choushi or guai.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":693},{"id":"w-naiyou","romaji":"naiyou","polite":null,"english":"content; what it's about; the details","use":"What's in a film, a talk, a job or a message.","ja":"内容","kana":"ないよう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono eiga, donna naiyou?","ja":"その映画、どんな内容？","english":"What's that film about?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono eiga wa donna naiyou desu ka?","ja":"その映画はどんな内容ですか？","english":"What's that film about?"},"freqRank":1471,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":694},{"id":"w-kouho","romaji":"kouho","polite":null,"english":"option, shortlist; candidate","use":"Options on a shortlist, like places, names or dates, as well as election candidates.","ja":"候補","kana":"こうほ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ryokousaki no kouho, ikutsu ka aru yo.","ja":"旅行先の候補、いくつかあるよ。","english":"I've got a few options for where to go."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ryokousaki no kouho ga ikutsu ka arimasu.","ja":"旅行先の候補がいくつかあります。","english":"I have a few options for where to travel."},"freqRank":2966,"score":3,"notes":"Daiichi kouho = first choice.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":695}],"stage":3,"range":"692-695","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-abstract-8","label":"Goals and plans","rationale":"Lets you talk about what you're aiming for and what comes first.","interference":"Mokuteki is the purpose; mokuhyou is the target you aim to hit.","items":[{"id":"w-mokuteki","romaji":"mokuteki","polite":null,"english":"purpose, aim","use":"Nan no mokuteki de? = what for?, often suspicious.","ja":"目的","kana":"もくてき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nan no mokuteki de sonna koto suru no?","ja":"何の目的でそんなことするの？","english":"What are you doing that for?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nan no mokuteki de sonna koto o suru n desu ka?","ja":"何の目的でそんなことをするんですか？","english":"What's the purpose of doing that?"},"freqRank":1015,"score":3,"notes":"Mokuteki is the purpose; mokuhyou is a target you aim to hit.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":696},{"id":"w-sakusen","romaji":"sakusen","polite":null,"english":"plan, strategy; tactics","use":"A military word used playfully for any plan, like winning someone over.","ja":"作戦","kana":"さくせん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, ashita no sakusen tateyou.","ja":"じゃあ、明日の作戦立てよう。","english":"Okay, let's work out a plan for tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dewa, ashita no sakusen o tatemashou.","ja":"では、明日の作戦を立てましょう。","english":"Right, let's work out a plan for tomorrow."},"freqRank":2082,"score":3,"notes":"Keikaku is the neutral word for a plan or schedule.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":697},{"id":"w-mokuhyou","romaji":"mokuhyou","polite":null,"english":"goal, target","use":"A concrete thing you aim for, often with a number or a date.","ja":"目標","kana":"もくひょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kotoshi no mokuhyou wa go kiro yaseru koto.","ja":"今年の目標は5キロ痩せること。","english":"My goal this year is to lose five kilos."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kotoshi no mokuhyou wa go kiro yaseru koto desu.","ja":"今年の目標は5キロ痩せることです。","english":"My goal this year is to lose five kilos."},"freqRank":2235,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":698},{"id":"w-yuusen-suru","romaji":"yuusen suru","polite":"yuusen shimasu","english":"put first, prioritise","use":"Usually 'X o yuusen suru' (put X first).","ja":"優先する","kana":"ゆうせんする","politeJa":"優先します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima wa kenkou o yuusen shita hou ga ii yo.","ja":"今は健康を優先した方がいいよ。","english":"Right now you should put your health first."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima wa kenkou o yuusen shita hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"今は健康を優先した方がいいですよ。","english":"Right now you should put your health first."},"freqRank":2686,"score":3,"notes":"As a noun: yuusen seki (priority seat), yuusen jun'i (order of priority).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":699}],"stage":3,"range":"696-699","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-talk-3","label":"Information and secrets","rationale":"Lets you talk about things you find out, read, keep track of or keep quiet.","interference":"Kiroku (record) and kiji (article) sound alike.","items":[{"id":"w-himitsu","romaji":"himitsu","polite":null,"english":"secret","use":null,"ja":"秘密","kana":"ひみつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, minna ni wa himitsu ne.","ja":"これ、みんなには秘密ね。","english":"Keep this a secret from everyone, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa minna ni wa himitsu ni shite kudasai.","ja":"これはみんなには秘密にしてください。","english":"Please keep this a secret from everyone."},"freqRank":1003,"score":4,"notes":"Himitsu ni suru = keep something secret.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":700},{"id":"w-jouhou","romaji":"jouhou","polite":null,"english":"information; info, a tip","use":"Facts you find out or are told; often in thanks for a useful tip.","ja":"情報","kana":"じょうほう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jouhou arigatou, hontou ni tasukatta.","ja":"情報ありがとう、本当に助かった。","english":"Thanks for the info, that really helped."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jouhou arigatou gozaimasu, hontou ni tasukarimashita.","ja":"情報ありがとうございます、本当に助かりました。","english":"Thanks for the information, it really helped."},"freqRank":781,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":701},{"id":"w-kiroku","romaji":"kiroku","polite":null,"english":"record; log","use":"Kiroku suru = write down, log; also a record in sport (shin kiroku = a new record).","ja":"記録","kana":"きろく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mainichi taijuu o kiroku shiteru.","ja":"毎日体重を記録してる。","english":"I log my weight every day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mainichi taijuu o kiroku shite imasu.","ja":"毎日体重を記録しています。","english":"I log my weight every day."},"freqRank":1694,"score":3,"notes":"For recording sound or video, say rokuon or rokuga.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":702},{"id":"w-kiji","romaji":"kiji","polite":null,"english":"article (news, magazine, online)","use":null,"ja":"記事","kana":"きじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou omoshiroi kiji yonda yo.","ja":"昨日面白い記事読んだよ。","english":"I read an interesting article yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou omoshiroi kiji o yomimashita.","ja":"昨日面白い記事を読みました。","english":"I read an interesting article yesterday."},"freqRank":1897,"score":3,"notes":"Same sound as kiji 'fabric' or 'dough' (生地); context makes it clear.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":703}],"stage":3,"range":"700-703","category":"Talk and information"},{"id":"n-talk-4","label":"Opinions and excuses","rationale":"Lets you ask for views, give advice and push back on excuses.","interference":"Iken is your view; tachiba is the position you're in.","items":[{"id":"w-iken","romaji":"iken","polite":null,"english":"opinion, view","use":"Sounds a bit formal; casually people ask dou omou? (what do you think?) instead.","ja":"意見","kana":"いけん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"minna no iken kikitai na.","ja":"みんなの意見聞きたいな。","english":"I'd like to hear what everyone thinks."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"minasan no iken o kikitai desu.","ja":"みなさんの意見を聞きたいです。","english":"I'd like to hear everyone's opinion."},"freqRank":1205,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":704},{"id":"w-tachiba","romaji":"tachiba","polite":null,"english":"position; standpoint; someone's situation","use":"Often 'X no tachiba ni naru' (put yourself in X's shoes).","ja":"立場","kana":"たちば","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ore no tachiba mo kangaete yo.","ja":"俺の立場も考えてよ。","english":"Think about my position too."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"watashi no tachiba mo kangaete kudasai.","ja":"私の立場も考えてください。","english":"Please think about my position too."},"freqRank":1041,"score":3,"notes":"About your role and circumstances, not a physical position (ichi).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":705},{"id":"w-iiwake","romaji":"iiwake","polite":null,"english":"excuse","use":"Iiwake suru = make excuses.","ja":"言い訳","kana":"いいわけ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"iiwake shinai de yo.","ja":"言い訳しないでよ。","english":"Don't make excuses."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"iiwake wa shinai de kudasai.","ja":"言い訳はしないでください。","english":"Please don't make excuses."},"freqRank":1512,"score":3,"notes":"Iiwake ja nai kedo... = I'm not making excuses, but...","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":706},{"id":"w-adobaisu","romaji":"adobaisu","polite":null,"english":"advice","use":"Adobaisu suru = give advice; adobaisu o morau = get advice.","ja":"アドバイス","kana":"アドバイス","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanka ii adobaisu aru?","ja":"なんかいいアドバイスある？","english":"Got any good advice?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nanika ii adobaisu wa arimasu ka?","ja":"何かいいアドバイスはありますか？","english":"Do you have any good advice?"},"freqRank":2900,"score":3,"notes":"More common in speech than the formal word jogen.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":707}],"stage":3,"range":"704-707","category":"Talk and information"},{"id":"n-places-2","label":"From place to world","rationale":"Lets you talk about where things are, from one spot to the whole world.","interference":"Sekai is the world; sekaijuu means all over it.","items":[{"id":"w-basho","romaji":"basho","polite":null,"english":"place; spot; location","use":"A specific spot where something is or happens, including a spot to sit or park.","ja":"場所","kana":"ばしょ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ii basho shitteru yo.","ja":"いい場所知ってるよ。","english":"I know a good place."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ii basho o shitte imasu yo.","ja":"いい場所を知っていますよ。","english":"I know a good place."},"freqRank":279,"score":4,"notes":"Tokoro is the vaguer, softer 'place'; in questions, 'where' is doko.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":708},{"id":"w-machi","romaji":"machi","polite":null,"english":"town; part of town, the streets","use":"Can mean a small town or the busy streets of a city, as in going into town.","ja":"町","kana":"まち","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono machi, shizuka de suki.","ja":"この町、静かで好き。","english":"I like this town, it's quiet."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono machi wa shizuka de suki desu.","ja":"この町は静かで好きです。","english":"I like this town; it's quiet."},"freqRank":1326,"score":4,"notes":"Also written 街 for a busy city area; same sound.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":709},{"id":"w-sekai","romaji":"sekai","polite":null,"english":"world","use":"Also a field or scene, like the world of music or fashion.","ja":"世界","kana":"せかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sekai de ichiban suki na tabemono wa raamen.","ja":"世界で一番好きな食べ物はラーメン。","english":"Ramen is my favourite food in the whole world."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sekai de ichiban suki na tabemono wa raamen desu.","ja":"世界で一番好きな食べ物はラーメンです。","english":"Ramen is my favourite food in the whole world."},"freqRank":406,"score":3,"notes":"Sekai ichi = the best in the world, often said playfully about food or a person.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":710},{"id":"w-sekaijuu","romaji":"sekaijuu","polite":null,"english":"all over the world; the whole world","use":"-juu means throughout, as in ichinichijuu (all day long).","ja":"世界中","kana":"せかいじゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sekaijuu de ninki aru n da yo.","ja":"世界中で人気あるんだよ。","english":"It's popular all over the world."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sekaijuu de ninki ga aru n desu yo.","ja":"世界中で人気があるんですよ。","english":"It's popular all over the world."},"freqRank":2360,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":711}],"stage":3,"range":"708-711","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-places-3","label":"Home and neighbours","rationale":"Lets you say where you live and refer politely to other people's homes.","interference":"Manshon is any apartment block, not a mansion; otaku (your home) sounds like otaku (geek).","items":[{"id":"w-kinjo","romaji":"kinjo","polite":null,"english":"neighbourhood; nearby","use":"The area right around your home; kinjo no = local, nearby.","ja":"近所","kana":"きんじょ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinjo ni oishii pan'ya aru yo.","ja":"近所においしいパン屋あるよ。","english":"There's a good bakery near me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinjo ni oishii pan'ya ga arimasu yo.","ja":"近所においしいパン屋がありますよ。","english":"There's a good bakery near me."},"freqRank":1528,"score":4,"notes":"Kinjo no hito = the neighbours; tonari is the house right next door.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":712},{"id":"w-manshon","romaji":"manshon","polite":null,"english":"apartment; apartment block","use":"Any solid, multi-storey block of flats or a flat in one, not a mansion.","ja":"マンション","kana":"マンション","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki no chikaku no manshon ni sunderu.","ja":"駅の近くのマンションに住んでる。","english":"I live in an apartment near the station."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki no chikaku no manshon ni sunde imasu.","ja":"駅の近くのマンションに住んでいます。","english":"I live in an apartment near the station."},"freqRank":1829,"score":4,"notes":"Apaato is a cheaper, usually low-rise wooden building.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":713},{"id":"w-jitaku","romaji":"jitaku","polite":null,"english":"home; one's own house","use":"A slightly formal word heard at work, in news and on forms.","ja":"自宅","kana":"じたく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa jitaku de shigoto shiteru.","ja":"今日は自宅で仕事してる。","english":"I'm working from home today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa jitaku de shigoto o shite imasu.","ja":"今日は自宅で仕事をしています。","english":"I'm working from home today."},"freqRank":1606,"score":3,"notes":"Uchi and ie are the everyday words for home.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":714},{"id":"w-otaku","romaji":"otaku","polite":null,"english":"your home; someone's home (polite)","use":"A polite way to refer to another person's house or family.","ja":"お宅","kana":"おたく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita, otaku ni ukagatte mo ii desu ka?","ja":"明日、お宅に伺ってもいいですか？","english":"May I come round to your home tomorrow?"},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":2136,"score":3,"notes":"Written オタク, the same sound means a geek or obsessive fan.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":715}],"stage":3,"range":"712-715","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-places-1","label":"Shops and parks","rationale":"Lets you say where you're popping out to nearby.","interference":"Omise covers restaurants and bars too, not just shops.","items":[{"id":"w-omise","romaji":"omise","polite":null,"english":"shop; restaurant, café","use":"The everyday, slightly polite word for any shop or place to eat; plain mise sounds rougher.","ja":"お店","kana":"おみせ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono omise, sugoku oishii yo.","ja":"このお店、すごくおいしいよ。","english":"This place is really good."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono omise, sugoku oishii desu yo.","ja":"このお店、すごくおいしいですよ。","english":"This place is really good."},"freqRank":794,"score":5,"notes":"Often means a restaurant or bar, not just a shop.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":716},{"id":"w-konbini","romaji":"konbini","polite":null,"english":"convenience store","use":"Short for konbiniensu sutoa; nobody says the long form.","ja":"コンビニ","kana":"コンビニ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto konbini itte kuru ne.","ja":"ちょっとコンビニ行ってくるね。","english":"I'm just popping to the convenience store."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto konbini ni itte kimasu.","ja":"ちょっとコンビニに行ってきます。","english":"I'll just pop to the convenience store."},"freqRank":2183,"score":5,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":717},{"id":"w-suupaa","romaji":"suupaa","polite":null,"english":"supermarket","use":"Short for suupaa maaketto; said alone it always means the shop.","ja":"スーパー","kana":"スーパー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaeri ni suupaa yoru?","ja":"帰りにスーパー寄る？","english":"Shall we stop at the supermarket on the way home?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaeri ni suupaa ni yorimasu ka?","ja":"帰りにスーパーに寄りますか？","english":"Shall we stop at the supermarket on the way home?"},"freqRank":1896,"score":4,"notes":"Not 'super' as in great; that's sugoi or saikou.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":718},{"id":"w-kouen","romaji":"kouen","polite":null,"english":"park","use":null,"ja":"公園","kana":"こうえん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kouen de sukoshi aruku?","ja":"公園で少し歩く？","english":"Want to walk in the park for a bit?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kouen de sukoshi arukimasen ka?","ja":"公園で少し歩きませんか？","english":"Shall we walk in the park for a bit?"},"freqRank":1856,"score":4,"notes":"Same sound as kouen (a talk or a show); context makes it clear.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":719}],"stage":3,"range":"716-719","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-home-14","label":"Cleaning and chores","rationale":"Lets you share the cleaning and take the rubbish out.","interference":"Souji is cleaning a room; washing clothes is sentaku.","items":[{"id":"w-souji-suru","romaji":"souji suru","polite":"souji shimasu","english":"clean (a room or house); cleaning","use":"Sweeping, wiping or vacuuming; washing clothes is sentaku and washing dishes is arau.","ja":"掃除する","kana":"そうじする","politeJa":"掃除します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuumatsu wa heya no souji suru tsumori.","ja":"週末は部屋の掃除するつもり。","english":"I'm planning to clean my room this weekend."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuumatsu wa heya no souji o suru tsumori desu.","ja":"週末は部屋の掃除をするつもりです。","english":"I'm planning to clean my room this weekend."},"freqRank":1393,"score":4,"notes":"Also a plain noun: souji ga owatta = the cleaning's done.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":720},{"id":"w-gomi","romaji":"gomi","polite":null,"english":"rubbish; trash","use":"Sorted strictly, with moeru gomi (burnable), moenai gomi and recycling collected on set days.","ja":"ごみ","kana":"ごみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita, moeru gomi no hi da yo.","ja":"明日、燃えるごみの日だよ。","english":"Tomorrow's burnable rubbish day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita wa moeru gomi no hi desu yo.","ja":"明日は燃えるごみの日ですよ。","english":"Tomorrow is burnable rubbish day."},"freqRank":8915,"score":4,"notes":"Take the rubbish out = gomi o dasu; a bin is a gomibako. Often written ゴミ.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":721},{"id":"w-kaji","romaji":"kaji","polite":null,"english":"housework; chores","use":null,"ja":"家事","kana":"かじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaji, hanbun zutsu ni shiyou yo.","ja":"家事、半分ずつにしようよ。","english":"Let's split the housework half and half."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaji wa hanbun zutsu ni shimashou.","ja":"家事は半分ずつにしましょう。","english":"Let's split the housework half and half."},"freqRank":3945,"score":3,"notes":"Sounds the same as kaji, a fire; context sorts it out.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":722},{"id":"w-dougu","romaji":"dougu","polite":null,"english":"tool; equipment; gear","use":"Anything you use for a job: cleaning things, sports gear, art supplies.","ja":"道具","kana":"どうぐ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"souji no dougu, doko ni aru?","ja":"掃除の道具、どこにある?","english":"Where are the cleaning things?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"souji no dougu wa doko ni arimasu ka?","ja":"掃除の道具はどこにありますか?","english":"Where are the cleaning things?"},"freqRank":2579,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":723}],"stage":3,"range":"720-723","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-4","label":"Clothes and shoes","rationale":"Lets you name what you wear and take your shoes off.","interference":"Fuku goes on with kiru, but shoes, socks and trousers with haku.","items":[{"id":"w-fuku-2","romaji":"fuku","polite":null,"english":"clothes; outfit","use":null,"ja":"服","kana":"ふく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono fuku, doko de katta no?","ja":"その服、どこで買ったの?","english":"Where did you get that outfit?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono fuku, doko de kaimashita ka?","ja":"その服、どこで買いましたか?","english":"Where did you get that outfit?"},"freqRank":1051,"score":4,"notes":"Put clothes on = kiru; take them off = nugu.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":724},{"id":"w-kutsu","romaji":"kutsu","polite":null,"english":"shoes","use":null,"ja":"靴","kana":"くつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kutsu, arukiyasukute ii yo.","ja":"この靴、歩きやすくていいよ。","english":"These shoes are really easy to walk in."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kutsu wa arukiyasukute ii desu yo.","ja":"この靴は歩きやすくていいですよ。","english":"These shoes are easy to walk in."},"freqRank":1818,"score":4,"notes":"Shoes go on with haku, like socks and trousers, not kiru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":725},{"id":"w-kutsushita","romaji":"kutsushita","polite":null,"english":"socks","use":null,"ja":"靴下","kana":"くつした","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kutsushita, katahou nai n da kedo.","ja":"靴下、片方ないんだけど。","english":"One of my socks is missing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kutsushita ga katahou nai n desu kedo.","ja":"靴下が片方ないんですけど。","english":"One of my socks seems to be missing."},"freqRank":5748,"score":3,"notes":"Put on with haku, like shoes.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":726},{"id":"w-zubon","romaji":"zubon","polite":null,"english":"trousers; pants","use":null,"ja":"ズボン","kana":"ズボン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono zubon, chotto kitsui.","ja":"このズボン、ちょっときつい。","english":"These trousers are a bit tight."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono zubon, sukoshi kitsui desu.","ja":"このズボン、少しきついです。","english":"These trousers are a little tight."},"freqRank":6081,"score":3,"notes":"Put on with haku. Pantsu usually means underpants, so zubon is the safe word.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":727}],"stage":3,"range":"724-727","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-food-2","label":"Water, tea and coffee","rationale":"Lets you offer and ask for everyday hot and cold drinks.","interference":"Omizu is cold or room-temperature water; hot water is always oyu.","items":[{"id":"w-ocha","romaji":"ocha","polite":null,"english":"tea (green tea); a drink break","use":"On its own it means Japanese green tea; black tea is koucha.","ja":"お茶","kana":"おちゃ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto ocha demo nomou ka","ja":"ちょっとお茶でも飲もうか","english":"Shall we grab a cup of tea?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto ocha demo nomimasen ka?","ja":"ちょっとお茶でも飲みませんか?","english":"Would you like to grab a cup of tea?"},"freqRank":978,"score":4,"notes":"Ocha suru means going to a cafe for a drink, whatever you order.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":728},{"id":"w-koohii","romaji":"koohii","polite":null,"english":"coffee","use":null,"ja":"コーヒー","kana":"コーヒー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"asa wa itsumo koohii nomu yo","ja":"朝はいつもコーヒー飲むよ","english":"I always have coffee in the morning."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"asa wa itsumo koohii o nomimasu","ja":"朝はいつもコーヒーを飲みます","english":"I always have coffee in the morning."},"freqRank":1154,"score":4,"notes":"Iced coffee is aisu koohii; a hot one is hotto.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":729},{"id":"w-omizu","romaji":"omizu","polite":null,"english":"water","use":"The polite way to say mizu; what you ask for at a restaurant.","ja":"お水","kana":"おみず","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto omizu moratte mo ii?","ja":"ちょっとお水もらってもいい?","english":"Can I get some water?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, omizu o kudasai","ja":"すみません、お水をください","english":"Excuse me, could I have some water?"},"freqRank":3032,"score":4,"notes":"Mizu is always cold or room-temperature water, never hot.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":730},{"id":"w-oyu","romaji":"oyu","polite":null,"english":"hot water","use":"Japanese has its own word for hot water; don't say atsui mizu.","ja":"お湯","kana":"おゆ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto oyu wakashite kureru?","ja":"ちょっとお湯沸かしてくれる?","english":"Can you boil some water?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto oyu o wakashite moraemasu ka?","ja":"ちょっとお湯を沸かしてもらえますか?","english":"Could you boil some water?"},"freqRank":3857,"score":4,"notes":"Oyu o wakasu means boil water. Also the hot water in a bath.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":731}],"stage":3,"range":"728-731","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-food-4","label":"Breakfast basics","rationale":"Lets you talk about breakfast and everyday groceries.","interference":"Gyuunyuu is milk to drink; miruku is milk in coffee or for babies.","items":[{"id":"w-pan","romaji":"pan","polite":null,"english":"bread","use":"Covers bread, rolls and sweet buns.","ja":"パン","kana":"パン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"asa wa pan to koohii dake","ja":"朝はパンとコーヒーだけ","english":"Just bread and coffee for breakfast."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"asa wa pan to koohii dake desu","ja":"朝はパンとコーヒーだけです","english":"I just have bread and coffee for breakfast."},"freqRank":2129,"score":4,"notes":"A bakery is panya.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":732},{"id":"w-tamago","romaji":"tamago","polite":null,"english":"egg","use":null,"ja":"卵","kana":"たまご","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tamago ato futatsu shika nai yo","ja":"卵あと二つしかないよ","english":"We've only got two eggs left."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tamago ga ato futatsu shika arimasen","ja":"卵があと二つしかありません","english":"There are only two eggs left."},"freqRank":2385,"score":4,"notes":"Tamagoyaki is rolled omelette; nama tamago is raw egg, often eaten on rice.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":733},{"id":"w-gyuunyuu","romaji":"gyuunyuu","polite":null,"english":"milk","use":"Cow's milk you drink or buy; miruku is more for milk in coffee and for babies.","ja":"牛乳","kana":"ぎゅうにゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gyuunyuu kireteru kara katte kite","ja":"牛乳切れてるから買ってきて","english":"We're out of milk, can you go buy some?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gyuunyuu ga kirete iru node katte kite kudasai","ja":"牛乳が切れているので買ってきてください","english":"We're out of milk, so please go buy some."},"freqRank":4624,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":734},{"id":"w-chiizu","romaji":"chiizu","polite":null,"english":"cheese","use":null,"ja":"チーズ","kana":"チーズ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chiizu nosetara oishii yo","ja":"チーズのせたらおいしいよ","english":"It's really good with cheese on top."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chiizu o nosetara oishii desu yo","ja":"チーズをのせたらおいしいですよ","english":"It's delicious with cheese on top."},"freqRank":2250,"score":3,"notes":"Also what you say for a photo: hai, chiizu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":735}],"stage":3,"range":"732-735","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-work-3","label":"Teams and workplaces","rationale":"Lets you talk about where you work and who you work with.","interference":"Shokuba is any workplace, jimusho an office or agency, genba where the hands-on work happens.","items":[{"id":"w-chiimu","romaji":"chiimu","polite":null,"english":"team","use":null,"ja":"チーム","kana":"チーム","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"onaji chiimu de ganbarou","ja":"同じチームで頑張ろう","english":"We're on the same team, let's give it our all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"onaji chiimu de ganbarimashou","ja":"同じチームで頑張りましょう","english":"Let's do our best together on the same team."},"freqRank":1656,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":736},{"id":"w-genba","romaji":"genba","polite":null,"english":"the site; the scene","use":"Where the hands-on work happens, like a building site, film set or shop floor.","ja":"現場","kana":"げんば","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima kara genba itte kuru","ja":"今から現場行ってくる","english":"I'm heading out to the site now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima kara genba ni itte kimasu","ja":"今から現場に行ってきます","english":"I'm going out to the site now."},"freqRank":945,"score":3,"notes":"In crime dramas it's the crime or accident scene.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":737},{"id":"w-puro","romaji":"puro","polite":null,"english":"pro; professional","use":"Someone paid or highly skilled; puro mitai is praise: like a pro.","ja":"プロ","kana":"プロ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sasuga puro da ne, zenzen chigau","ja":"さすがプロだね、全然違う","english":"That's a pro for you, it's on another level."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sasuga puro desu ne, zenzen chigaimasu","ja":"さすがプロですね、全然違います","english":"As expected of a pro, it's completely different."},"freqRank":1499,"score":3,"notes":"The opposite is shirouto (amateur).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":738},{"id":"w-jimusho","romaji":"jimusho","polite":null,"english":"office; agency","use":"A small business's office or an agency's base; a big company's office is usually just kaisha.","ja":"事務所","kana":"じむしょ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ikkai jimusho ni modoru ne","ja":"一回事務所に戻るね","english":"I'm heading back to the office for a bit."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ichido jimusho ni modorimasu","ja":"一度事務所に戻ります","english":"I'll head back to the office for a bit."},"freqRank":1730,"score":3,"notes":"Geinou jimusho is a talent agency, as heard in celebrity news.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":739},{"id":"w-shokuba","romaji":"shokuba","polite":null,"english":"workplace; work","use":"Where you work and the people there, whatever the job.","ja":"職場","kana":"しょくば","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shokuba no hito to wa anmari nomanai","ja":"職場の人とはあんまり飲まない","english":"I don't really go drinking with people from work."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shokuba no hito to wa amari nomimasen","ja":"職場の人とはあまり飲みません","english":"I don't drink much with my coworkers."},"freqRank":1847,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":740}],"stage":3,"range":"736-740","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-work-5","label":"School classes","rationale":"Talk about classes, tests and homework.","interference":"Kumi and kurasu both mean a class; teishutsu is the formal word for dasu (hand in).","items":[{"id":"w-jugyou","romaji":"jugyou","polite":null,"english":"class; lesson (at school or university)","use":"A class period you attend; jugyou ga aru = have class.","ja":"授業","kana":"じゅぎょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita, asa kara jugyou aru n da.","ja":"明日、朝から授業あるんだ。","english":"I've got class first thing tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita wa asa kara jugyou ga arimasu.","ja":"明日は朝から授業があります。","english":"I have class first thing tomorrow."},"freqRank":2326,"score":4,"notes":"Private lessons like piano or English are ressun. Jugyou o ukeru = take a class.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":741},{"id":"w-tesuto","romaji":"tesuto","polite":null,"english":"test; exam; trial run","use":null,"ja":"テスト","kana":"テスト","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita tesuto dakara benkyou shinakya.","ja":"明日テストだから勉強しなきゃ。","english":"I have a test tomorrow, so I need to study."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita tesuto na node, benkyou shinai to ikemasen.","ja":"明日テストなので、勉強しないといけません。","english":"I have a test tomorrow, so I have to study."},"freqRank":2539,"score":4,"notes":"Shiken is a more formal exam, like an entrance or licence exam. Tesuto suru = to try something out.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":742},{"id":"w-shukudai","romaji":"shukudai","polite":null,"english":"homework","use":null,"ja":"宿題","kana":"しゅくだい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shukudai, mou zenbu owatta no?","ja":"宿題、もう全部終わったの？","english":"Have you finished all your homework already?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shukudai wa mou zenbu owarimashita ka?","ja":"宿題はもう全部終わりましたか？","english":"Have you finished all your homework?"},"freqRank":3935,"score":4,"notes":"At work, shukudai ni sasete kudasai = let me take that away and get back to you.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":743},{"id":"w-kumi","romaji":"kumi","polite":null,"english":"class (school homeroom); group; pair","use":"A homeroom group within a school year, named by number or letter.","ja":"組","kana":"くみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"futari wa onaji kumi datta no?","ja":"二人は同じ組だったの？","english":"Were you two in the same class?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"futari wa onaji kumi datta n desu ka?","ja":"二人は同じ組だったんですか？","english":"Were you two in the same class?"},"freqRank":2383,"score":3,"notes":"Kurasu is more common for a school class today. In compounds it becomes -gumi: futarigumi = a pair, a duo.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":744},{"id":"w-teishutsu-suru","romaji":"teishutsu suru","polite":"teishutsu shimasu","english":"to hand in; to submit","use":"For handing in homework, reports or forms, usually by a deadline.","ja":"提出する","kana":"ていしゅつする","politeJa":"提出します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"repooto, mou teishutsu shita?","ja":"レポート、もう提出した？","english":"Did you hand in the report yet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"repooto wa mou teishutsu shimashita ka?","ja":"レポートはもう提出しましたか？","english":"Have you submitted the report yet?"},"freqRank":2463,"score":3,"notes":"Casually people often just say dasu: shukudai dashita? Teishutsu sounds more official.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":745}],"stage":3,"range":"741-745","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-society-2","label":"Society and the news","rationale":"Comment on the news and how the world works.","interference":"Jiken (incident, crime) gets mixed up with jiko (accident); yo no naka and shakai overlap.","items":[{"id":"w-jiken","romaji":"jiken","polite":null,"english":"incident; case (crime)","use":"A crime or shocking event, as in the news or detective shows; jokingly, any big deal.","ja":"事件","kana":"じけん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinjo de jiken ga atta rashii yo.","ja":"近所で事件があったらしいよ。","english":"Apparently something happened in the neighbourhood."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinjo de jiken ga atta rashii desu yo.","ja":"近所で事件があったらしいですよ。","english":"Apparently there was an incident in the neighbourhood."},"freqRank":752,"score":3,"notes":"Jiko is an accident; jiken is something people did, often a crime.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":746},{"id":"w-yo-no-naka","romaji":"yo no naka","polite":null,"english":"the world; society; life","use":"Used when commenting on how the world or life works.","ja":"世の中","kana":"よのなか","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yo no naka, sonna ni amaku nai yo.","ja":"世の中、そんなに甘くないよ。","english":"Life isn't that easy, you know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yo no naka wa sonna ni amaku nai desu yo.","ja":"世の中はそんなに甘くないですよ。","english":"The world isn't that easy, you know."},"freqRank":912,"score":3,"notes":"Shakai is society as a system; yo no naka is the world as people live it.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":747},{"id":"w-shakai","romaji":"shakai","polite":null,"english":"society; the working world","use":"Society in general, and especially adult working life after school.","ja":"社会","kana":"しゃかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shakai ni dereba wakaru yo.","ja":"社会に出れば分かるよ。","english":"You'll get it once you're out in the real world."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shakai ni dereba wakarimasu yo.","ja":"社会に出れば分かりますよ。","english":"You'll understand once you start working."},"freqRank":1849,"score":3,"notes":"Shakaijin = a working adult. At school, shakai is social studies.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":748},{"id":"w-masukomi","romaji":"masukomi","polite":null,"english":"the media; the press","use":"News media and reporters, often said with a critical tone.","ja":"マスコミ","kana":"マスコミ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"masukomi tte, sugu oogesa ni iu yo ne.","ja":"マスコミって、すぐ大げさに言うよね。","english":"The media always blow things out of proportion, don't they?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"masukomi wa sugu oogesa ni iimasu yo ne.","ja":"マスコミはすぐ大げさに言いますよね。","english":"The media do tend to exaggerate, don't they?"},"freqRank":2529,"score":3,"notes":"From 'mass communication'. Media is also used and sounds more neutral.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":749}],"stage":3,"range":"746-749","category":"Society and news"},{"id":"n-society-3","label":"Big topics","rationale":"Talk about the environment, history and education.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-kankyou","romaji":"kankyou","polite":null,"english":"environment; surroundings, conditions","use":"Both the natural environment and the conditions where you live, work or study.","ja":"環境","kana":"かんきょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima no shokuba, kankyou ii yo.","ja":"今の職場、環境いいよ。","english":"My current workplace is a really nice environment."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima no shokuba wa kankyou ga ii desu.","ja":"今の職場は環境がいいです。","english":"My current workplace is a good environment."},"freqRank":2142,"score":3,"notes":"Kankyou mondai = environmental issues. Kankyou ga kawaru = your surroundings change, like a new job or school.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":750},{"id":"w-rekishi","romaji":"rekishi","polite":null,"english":"history","use":null,"ja":"歴史","kana":"れきし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono machi, kekkou rekishi aru n da yo.","ja":"この町、結構歴史あるんだよ。","english":"This town actually has quite a bit of history."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono machi wa kekkou rekishi ga aru n desu yo.","ja":"この町は結構歴史があるんですよ。","english":"This town has quite a long history."},"freqRank":2334,"score":3,"notes":"Rekishi ga aru = have a long history. Also the school subject.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":751},{"id":"w-kyouiku","romaji":"kyouiku","polite":null,"english":"education; training","use":"Schooling and bringing up children; at work, training new staff.","ja":"教育","kana":"きょういく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo no kyouiku tte, okane kakaru yo ne.","ja":"子どもの教育って、お金かかるよね。","english":"Kids' education really costs money, doesn't it?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo no kyouiku wa okane ga kakarimasu ne.","ja":"子どもの教育はお金がかかりますね。","english":"Children's education is expensive, isn't it?"},"freqRank":2496,"score":3,"notes":"Kyouiku suru = to educate or train someone. Shinjin kyouiku = training new hires.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":752}],"stage":3,"range":"750-752","category":"Society and news"},{"id":"n-travel-3","label":"Trips away","rationale":"Plan a trip: bags, souvenirs, hot springs.","interference":"Ryokou is an ordinary trip; tabi is a more emotional journey.","items":[{"id":"w-ryokou","romaji":"ryokou","polite":null,"english":"trip; travel","use":null,"ja":"旅行","kana":"りょこう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"natsuyasumi, dokoka ryokou ikanai?","ja":"夏休み、どこか旅行行かない？","english":"Want to go on a trip somewhere over the summer break?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"natsuyasumi ni dokoka ryokou ni ikimasen ka?","ja":"夏休みにどこか旅行に行きませんか？","english":"Would you like to take a trip somewhere over the summer break?"},"freqRank":1766,"score":4,"notes":"Goes with iku: ryokou ni iku. A business trip is shutchou, not ryokou.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":753},{"id":"w-nimotsu","romaji":"nimotsu","polite":null,"english":"bags; luggage; parcel","use":"Anything you carry or have delivered.","ja":"荷物","kana":"にもつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"omoi desho, nimotsu motsu yo.","ja":"重いでしょ、荷物持つよ。","english":"That's heavy, right? I'll take your bags."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"omoi deshou, nimotsu mochimashou ka?","ja":"重いでしょう、荷物持ちましょうか？","english":"That looks heavy. Shall I carry your bags?"},"freqRank":1140,"score":4,"notes":"A delivery is also nimotsu: nimotsu ga todoita (a parcel came).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":754},{"id":"w-omiyage","romaji":"omiyage","polite":null,"english":"souvenir; gift brought back from a trip","use":"Usually snacks brought back for family, friends or coworkers, or a small gift when visiting.","ja":"お土産","kana":"おみやげ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, kyouto no omiyage. minna de tabete.","ja":"これ、京都のお土産。みんなで食べて。","english":"This is from Kyoto. Share it with everyone."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore, kyouto no omiyage desu. minasan de douzo.","ja":"これ、京都のお土産です。皆さんでどうぞ。","english":"This is from Kyoto. Please share it, everyone."},"freqRank":2152,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":755},{"id":"w-onsen","romaji":"onsen","polite":null,"english":"hot spring","use":"Both the spring and the bath or town built around it.","ja":"温泉","kana":"おんせん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuumatsu, onsen demo ikitai na.","ja":"週末、温泉でも行きたいな。","english":"I'd love to go to a hot spring this weekend."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuumatsu wa onsen ni demo ikitai desu ne.","ja":"週末は温泉にでも行きたいですね。","english":"I'd love to go to a hot spring this weekend."},"freqRank":3164,"score":3,"notes":"Onsen ni hairu = take a dip. A town bathhouse without spring water is a sentou.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":756},{"id":"w-tabi","romaji":"tabi","polite":null,"english":"journey; travel","use":"More emotional and bookish than ryokou; used for long or solo trips, and in songs and titles.","ja":"旅","kana":"たび","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"itsuka hitori de tabi shite mitai na.","ja":"いつか一人で旅してみたいな。","english":"I'd love to travel on my own someday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"itsuka hitori de tabi o shite mitai desu.","ja":"いつか一人で旅をしてみたいです。","english":"I'd like to travel on my own someday."},"freqRank":2626,"score":3,"notes":"For a normal holiday trip, ryokou is the safe word.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":757}],"stage":3,"range":"753-757","category":"Getting around"},{"id":"n-travel-2","label":"Out and back home","rationale":"Talk about heading out, getting home and being picked up.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-kaeri","romaji":"kaeri","polite":null,"english":"the way back; coming home","use":"Kaeri ni = on the way home.","ja":"帰り","kana":"かえり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaeri ni konbini yotte kuru ne.","ja":"帰りにコンビニ寄ってくるね。","english":"I'll stop at the convenience store on the way home."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaeri ni konbini ni yotte kimasu.","ja":"帰りにコンビニに寄ってきます。","english":"I'll stop at the convenience store on the way home."},"freqRank":1209,"score":4,"notes":"Kaeri wa nanji? asks what time someone will be back. The verb is kaeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":758},{"id":"w-omukae","romaji":"omukae","polite":null,"english":"picking someone up; meeting someone","use":"Picking up kids from daycare or someone from the station; omukae ni iku = go and pick up.","ja":"お迎え","kana":"おむかえ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gogo, kodomo no omukae ni ikanakya.","ja":"午後、子どものお迎えに行かなきゃ。","english":"I have to go pick up my kid this afternoon."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gogo wa kodomo no omukae ni ikanai to ikenai n desu.","ja":"午後は子どものお迎えに行かないといけないんです。","english":"I have to go pick up my child this afternoon."},"freqRank":2913,"score":4,"notes":"Plain mukae means the same: eki made mukae ni iku yo (I'll come get you at the station). The verb is mukaeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":759},{"id":"w-odekake","romaji":"odekake","polite":null,"english":"going out; a day out","use":"A soft word for an outing, often with kids or a partner; odekake suru = go out.","ja":"お出かけ","kana":"おでかけ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa tenki ii kara, odekake shiyou ka.","ja":"今日は天気いいから、お出かけしようか。","english":"The weather's nice today, shall we go out somewhere?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa tenki ga ii node, odekake shimashou ka.","ja":"今日は天気がいいので、お出かけしましょうか。","english":"The weather's nice today, so shall we go out somewhere?"},"freqRank":4575,"score":4,"notes":"Neighbours greet you with odekake desu ka? (heading out?). The verb is dekakeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":760},{"id":"w-shuuden","romaji":"shuuden","polite":null,"english":"last train","use":null,"ja":"終電","kana":"しゅうでん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yabai, shuuden nogashichatta kamo.","ja":"やばい、終電逃しちゃったかも。","english":"Oh no, I think I missed the last train."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuuden o nogashite shimatta kamo shiremasen.","ja":"終電を逃してしまったかもしれません。","english":"I may have missed the last train."},"freqRank":8326,"score":3,"notes":"Goes with nogasu (miss) and ni maniau (make it in time).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":761}],"stage":3,"range":"758-761","category":"Getting around"},{"id":"n-nature-2","label":"Nature and animals","rationale":"Talk about the outdoors, rivers and animals.","interference":"Kawa also means skin or leather.","items":[{"id":"w-shizen","romaji":"shizen","polite":null,"english":"nature; natural","use":"Shizen ni also means naturally, without forcing it.","ja":"自然","kana":"しぜん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"inaka wa shizen ga ookute ii ne.","ja":"田舎は自然が多くていいね。","english":"The countryside's nice, there's so much nature."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"inaka wa shizen ga ookute ii desu ne.","ja":"田舎は自然が多くていいですね。","english":"The countryside is nice, with so much nature."},"freqRank":1465,"score":3,"notes":"Shizen na = natural, as in shizen na kanji (a natural feel).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":762},{"id":"w-kawa","romaji":"kawa","polite":null,"english":"river","use":null,"ja":"川","kana":"かわ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kawa no hou made sanpo shiyou ka.","ja":"川のほうまで散歩しようか。","english":"Shall we walk down to the river?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kawa no hou made sanpo shimashou ka.","ja":"川のほうまで散歩しましょうか。","english":"Shall we take a walk down to the river?"},"freqRank":2157,"score":3,"notes":"Kawa also means skin or leather; context tells them apart.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":763},{"id":"w-doubutsu","romaji":"doubutsu","polite":null,"english":"animal","use":null,"ja":"動物","kana":"どうぶつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"doubutsu suki? uchi, inu katteru yo.","ja":"動物好き？うち、犬飼ってるよ。","english":"Do you like animals? We've got a dog."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"doubutsu wa suki desu ka? uchi wa inu o katte imasu.","ja":"動物は好きですか？うちは犬を飼っています。","english":"Do you like animals? We have a dog."},"freqRank":2831,"score":3,"notes":"Doubutsuen is a zoo.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":764}],"stage":3,"range":"762-764","category":"Nature and animals"},{"id":"n-nature-1","label":"Sky and scenery","rationale":"Point out the sky, stars, blossoms and a good view.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-sora","romaji":"sora","polite":null,"english":"sky","use":null,"ja":"空","kana":"そら","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mite, sora ga sugoi kirei.","ja":"見て、空がすごいきれい。","english":"Look, the sky's so pretty."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mite kudasai, sora ga sugoku kirei desu yo.","ja":"見てください、空がすごくきれいですよ。","english":"Look, the sky is really beautiful."},"freqRank":1515,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":765},{"id":"w-hoshi","romaji":"hoshi","polite":null,"english":"star","use":null,"ja":"星","kana":"ほし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko, hoshi ga yoku mieru ne.","ja":"ここ、星がよく見えるね。","english":"You can really see the stars here."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa hoshi ga yoku miemasu ne.","ja":"ここは星がよく見えますね。","english":"You can really see the stars here."},"freqRank":1941,"score":3,"notes":"Also star ratings: hoshi mittsu = three stars.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":766},{"id":"w-sakura","romaji":"sakura","polite":null,"english":"cherry blossom; cherry tree","use":"The spring blossom everyone goes out to see; ohanami is the picnic under it.","ja":"桜","kana":"さくら","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sakura, mou saiteru ne.","ja":"桜、もう咲いてるね。","english":"The cherry blossoms are already out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sakura ga mou saite imasu ne.","ja":"桜がもう咲いていますね。","english":"The cherry blossoms are already out."},"freqRank":3953,"score":4,"notes":"Sakura ga saku = they bloom; chiru = they fall.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":767},{"id":"w-keshiki","romaji":"keshiki","polite":null,"english":"scenery; view","use":"The view in front of you, usually a nice one.","ja":"景色","kana":"けしき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko kara no keshiki, saikou da ne.","ja":"ここからの景色、最高だね。","english":"The view from here is amazing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko kara no keshiki wa saikou desu ne.","ja":"ここからの景色は最高ですね。","english":"The view from here is wonderful."},"freqRank":2548,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":768}],"stage":3,"range":"765-768","category":"Nature and animals"},{"id":"n-fun-1","label":"Messages and online","rationale":"Talk about emailing, messaging and doing things online.","interference":"Meeru is often any phone message, not only email.","items":[{"id":"w-meeru","romaji":"meeru","polite":null,"english":"email; text message","use":"Older people use it for any phone message; for chat apps younger people say rain (LINE).","ja":"メール","kana":"メール","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ato de meeru suru ne.","ja":"後でメールするね。","english":"I'll email you later."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ato de meeru shimasu ne.","ja":"後でメールしますね。","english":"I'll email you later."},"freqRank":1186,"score":4,"notes":"Meeru suru = send one; meeru ga kita = I got one.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":769},{"id":"w-netto","romaji":"netto","polite":null,"english":"the internet; online","use":"Netto de = online, as in netto de katta (bought it online).","ja":"ネット","kana":"ネット","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, netto de shirabete miyou.","ja":"それ、ネットで調べてみよう。","english":"Let's look that up online."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore, netto de shirabete mimashou.","ja":"それ、ネットで調べてみましょう。","english":"Let's look that up online."},"freqRank":1405,"score":4,"notes":"Also a net, as in tennis or fishing.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":770},{"id":"w-messeeji","romaji":"messeeji","polite":null,"english":"message","use":"Chat messages, voicemail or a written note.","ja":"メッセージ","kana":"メッセージ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"messeeji okutta kedo, mita?","ja":"メッセージ送ったけど、見た？","english":"I sent you a message, did you see it?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"messeeji o okurimashita ga, mimashita ka?","ja":"メッセージを送りましたが、見ましたか？","english":"I sent you a message. Did you see it?"},"freqRank":1799,"score":4,"notes":"Goes with okuru (send) and kaesu (reply).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":771},{"id":"w-tsuuhan","romaji":"tsuuhan","polite":null,"english":"online shopping; mail order","use":"Short for tsuushin hanbai; now it mostly means buying online.","ja":"通販","kana":"つうはん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, tsuuhan de katta n da.","ja":"これ、通販で買ったんだ。","english":"I bought this online."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa tsuuhan de katta n desu.","ja":"これは通販で買ったんです。","english":"I bought this online."},"freqRank":12463,"score":3,"notes":"Netto de katta (bought it online) means the same.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":772}],"stage":3,"range":"769-772","category":"Free time and tech"},{"id":"n-fun-5","label":"Sport and exercise","rationale":"Say what sports you play, watch or train for.","interference":"Taikai is the whole tournament; a single game is shiai.","items":[{"id":"w-supootsu","romaji":"supootsu","polite":null,"english":"sport; sports","use":null,"ja":"スポーツ","kana":"スポーツ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanka supootsu yatteru?","ja":"なんかスポーツやってる？","english":"Do you play any sports?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nanika supootsu o yatte imasu ka?","ja":"何かスポーツをやっていますか？","english":"Do you do any sports?"},"freqRank":3740,"score":4,"notes":"You yaru or suru a sport; asobu is for playing around.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":773},{"id":"w-yakyuu","romaji":"yakyuu","polite":null,"english":"baseball","use":null,"ja":"野球","kana":"やきゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou yakyuu mi ni itta.","ja":"昨日野球見に行った。","english":"I went to see a baseball game yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou yakyuu o mi ni ikimashita.","ja":"昨日野球を見に行きました。","english":"I went to watch baseball yesterday."},"freqRank":3911,"score":4,"notes":"Japan's most-watched sport; a game is shiai.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":774},{"id":"w-jimu","romaji":"jimu","polite":null,"english":"gym (fitness)","use":null,"ja":"ジム","kana":"ジム","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shigoto no ato jimu iku.","ja":"仕事のあとジム行く。","english":"I'm going to the gym after work."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shigoto no ato, jimu ni ikimasu.","ja":"仕事のあと、ジムに行きます。","english":"I go to the gym after work."},"freqRank":5567,"score":3,"notes":"A fitness gym; a school sports hall is taiikukan.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":775},{"id":"w-taikai","romaji":"taikai","polite":null,"english":"tournament; competition; big meet","use":null,"ja":"大会","kana":"たいかい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raigetsu, sakkaa no taikai ga aru.","ja":"来月、サッカーの大会がある。","english":"There's a football tournament next month."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raigetsu, sakkaa no taikai ga arimasu.","ja":"来月、サッカーの大会があります。","english":"There's a football tournament next month."},"freqRank":2691,"score":3,"notes":"Also a big gathering or convention; a single match is shiai.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":776},{"id":"w-katsudou","romaji":"katsudou","polite":null,"english":"activity; activities (club, volunteer, work)","use":"For organised, ongoing activity like a club or a band, not one fun thing you did.","ja":"活動","kana":"かつどう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin, borantia katsudou shiteru.","ja":"最近、ボランティア活動してる。","english":"I've been doing volunteer work lately."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin, borantia katsudou o shite imasu.","ja":"最近、ボランティア活動をしています。","english":"Recently I've been doing volunteer work."},"freqRank":2287,"score":3,"notes":"Bukatsu (school club activities) is short for bukatsudou.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":777}],"stage":3,"range":"773-777","category":"Free time and tech"},{"id":"n-things-3","label":"Looks and what's inside","rationale":"Describe how something looks versus what it really is.","interference":"Mitame (looks) and nakami (what's inside) are opposites.","items":[{"id":"w-mitame","romaji":"mitame","polite":null,"english":"looks; appearance","use":null,"ja":"見た目","kana":"みため","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mitame wa warui kedo, oishii yo.","ja":"見た目は悪いけど、おいしいよ。","english":"It doesn't look great, but it tastes good."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mitame wa warui desu kedo, oishii desu yo.","ja":"見た目は悪いですけど、おいしいですよ。","english":"It doesn't look like much, but it's delicious."},"freqRank":1964,"score":4,"notes":"Often set against nakami (what's inside, someone's character).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":778},{"id":"w-katachi","romaji":"katachi","polite":null,"english":"shape; form","use":null,"ja":"形","kana":"かたち","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kumo, hen na katachi da ne.","ja":"この雲、変な形だね。","english":"This cloud's a weird shape."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kumo, hen na katachi desu ne.","ja":"この雲、変な形ですね。","english":"This cloud has a strange shape."},"freqRank":900,"score":3,"notes":"Also 'form' as opposed to substance: katachi dake = just for show.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":779},{"id":"w-nakami","romaji":"nakami","polite":null,"english":"contents; what's inside; substance","use":null,"ja":"中身","kana":"なかみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hako no nakami nan darou.","ja":"箱の中身なんだろう。","english":"I wonder what's in the box."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hako no nakami wa nan deshou ka.","ja":"箱の中身は何でしょうか。","english":"I wonder what's inside the box."},"freqRank":1658,"score":3,"notes":"Also a person's inner self, as opposed to mitame (looks).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":780},{"id":"w-honmono","romaji":"honmono","polite":null,"english":"the real thing; genuine; real","use":"Real as opposed to fake, or someone truly skilled: kare wa honmono da.","ja":"本物","kana":"ほんもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore tte honmono no daiya?","ja":"これって本物のダイヤ？","english":"Is this a real diamond?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa honmono no daiya desu ka?","ja":"これは本物のダイヤですか？","english":"Is this a real diamond?"},"freqRank":969,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: nisemono (a fake).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":781}],"stage":3,"range":"778-781","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-2","label":"Half and the rest","rationale":"Talk about part of something and what's left.","interference":"Ichibu is 'some of' a whole; bubun is a specific part.","items":[{"id":"w-hanbun","romaji":"hanbun","polite":null,"english":"half","use":null,"ja":"半分","kana":"はんぶん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hanbun tabete ii yo.","ja":"半分食べていいよ。","english":"You can have half."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hanbun tabete ii desu yo.","ja":"半分食べていいですよ。","english":"Please, have half."},"freqRank":1380,"score":4,"notes":"For 'half past' use han, as in sanji han; hanbun ni suru = split in half.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":782},{"id":"w-nokori","romaji":"nokori","polite":null,"english":"the rest; what's left; leftovers","use":null,"ja":"残り","kana":"のこり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nokori wa ashita yaru.","ja":"残りは明日やる。","english":"I'll do the rest tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nokori wa ashita yarimasu.","ja":"残りは明日やります。","english":"I'll do the rest tomorrow."},"freqRank":1413,"score":4,"notes":"From nokoru (be left over). Leftover food is nokorimono.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":783},{"id":"w-ichibu","romaji":"ichibu","polite":null,"english":"part; some (of)","use":"A part of a group or whole, often 'some people': ichibu no hito.","ja":"一部","kana":"いちぶ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ichibu no hito shika shiranai.","ja":"一部の人しか知らない。","english":"Only some people know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ichibu no hito shika shirimasen.","ja":"一部の人しか知りません。","english":"Only some people know."},"freqRank":1749,"score":3,"notes":"Also 'one copy' of a document or magazine.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":784},{"id":"w-bubun","romaji":"bubun","polite":null,"english":"part; section; bit","use":null,"ja":"部分","kana":"ぶぶん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono bubun ga yoku wakaranai.","ja":"この部分がよくわからない。","english":"I don't really get this part."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono bubun ga yoku wakarimasen.","ja":"この部分がよくわかりません。","english":"I don't quite understand this part."},"freqRank":1546,"score":3,"notes":"A specific part you can point at; ichibu is 'some of' a whole.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":785}],"stage":3,"range":"782-785","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-4","label":"Types and levels","rationale":"Talk about kinds of things, sets and how good something is.","interference":"Taipu and shurui both mean 'kind'; only taipu means 'my type'.","items":[{"id":"w-taipu","romaji":"taipu","polite":null,"english":"type; kind; someone's type (romantically)","use":"Very often the kind of person you're attracted to.","ja":"タイプ","kana":"タイプ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, zenzen taipu ja nai.","ja":"彼、全然タイプじゃない。","english":"He's not my type at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa zenzen taipu ja arimasen.","ja":"彼は全然タイプじゃありません。","english":"He's not my type at all."},"freqRank":982,"score":4,"notes":"Donna taipu ga suki? = What's your type?","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":786},{"id":"w-reberu","romaji":"reberu","polite":null,"english":"level; standard","use":null,"ja":"レベル","kana":"レベル","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"reberu takasugite tsuite ikenai.","ja":"レベル高すぎてついていけない。","english":"The level's too high, I can't keep up."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"reberu ga takasugite, tsuite ikemasen.","ja":"レベルが高すぎて、ついていけません。","english":"The level is too high for me to keep up."},"freqRank":1729,"score":4,"notes":"Reberu ga takai = high standard, really good.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":787},{"id":"w-shurui","romaji":"shurui","polite":null,"english":"kind; type; variety","use":null,"ja":"種類","kana":"しゅるい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ironna shurui ga aru ne.","ja":"いろんな種類があるね。","english":"There are lots of kinds."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"iroiro na shurui ga arimasu ne.","ja":"いろいろな種類がありますね。","english":"There are many different kinds."},"freqRank":2277,"score":3,"notes":"Counts kinds directly: sanshurui = three kinds.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":788},{"id":"w-setto","romaji":"setto","polite":null,"english":"set (of things); meal set; setting up","use":null,"ja":"セット","kana":"セット","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"setto de kau to yasui yo.","ja":"セットで買うと安いよ。","english":"It's cheaper if you buy them as a set."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"setto de kau to yasui desu yo.","ja":"セットで買うと安いですよ。","english":"It's cheaper if you buy the set."},"freqRank":2236,"score":3,"notes":"Setto suru = set (an alarm) or set up; also a hair set at the salon.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":789}],"stage":3,"range":"786-789","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-7","label":"Next, last, the end","rationale":"Say what comes next, what's last and when it's over.","interference":"Tsuzuki is what follows; nokori is what's left.","items":[{"id":"w-tsuzuki","romaji":"tsuzuki","polite":null,"english":"what comes next; the rest; continuation","use":"The next part of a story, show or task: tsuzuki wa ashita = the rest tomorrow.","ja":"続き","kana":"つづき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsuzuki ga ki ni naru!","ja":"続きが気になる！","english":"I need to know what happens next!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsuzuki ga ki ni narimasu ne.","ja":"続きが気になりますね。","english":"I really want to know what happens next."},"freqRank":1741,"score":4,"notes":"From tsuzuku (to continue). Nokori is what's left over; tsuzuki is what follows.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":790},{"id":"w-oshimai","romaji":"oshimai","polite":null,"english":"the end; over; that's it","use":"A soft, slightly childlike way to say something is finished; also ends stories.","ja":"おしまい","kana":"おしまい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa kore de oshimai.","ja":"今日はこれでおしまい。","english":"That's it for today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa kore de oshimai desu.","ja":"今日はこれでおしまいです。","english":"That's all for today."},"freqRank":1813,"score":3,"notes":"Owari is the neutral 'end'; mou oshimai da can also mean 'it's all over for me'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":791},{"id":"w-saishuu","romaji":"saishuu","polite":null,"english":"last; final","use":"Mostly in compounds: saishuubi (last day), saishuukai (final episode).","ja":"最終","kana":"さいしゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita ga saishuubi da yo.","ja":"明日が最終日だよ。","english":"Tomorrow's the last day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita ga saishuubi desu yo.","ja":"明日が最終日ですよ。","english":"Tomorrow is the final day."},"freqRank":2648,"score":3,"notes":"Saigo is the everyday 'last'; saishuu is for official endings.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":792},{"id":"w-renzoku","romaji":"renzoku","polite":null,"english":"in a row; consecutive; a series","use":"Usually after a count: mikka renzoku = three days in a row.","ja":"連続","kana":"れんぞく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mikka renzoku de zangyou da yo.","ja":"三日連続で残業だよ。","english":"That's overtime three days in a row."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mikka renzoku de zangyou desu.","ja":"三日連続で残業です。","english":"It's my third day in a row of overtime."},"freqRank":2630,"score":3,"notes":"Renzoku dorama = a TV drama series.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":793}],"stage":3,"range":"790-793","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-12","label":"Favourites and treats","rationale":"Lets you name a favourite, say 'both', treat yourself and keep a list.","interference":"Dochira mo becomes 'neither' with a negative verb.","items":[{"id":"w-okiniiri","romaji":"okiniiri","polite":null,"english":"favourite (thing, place); favourites list","use":"A noun: 'okiniiri no mise' = my favourite shop; also the favourites button in apps.","ja":"お気に入り","kana":"おきにいり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko, watashi no okiniiri no kafe.","ja":"ここ、私のお気に入りのカフェ。","english":"This is my favourite café."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa watashi no okiniiri no kafe desu.","ja":"ここは私のお気に入りのカフェです。","english":"This is my favourite café."},"freqRank":3558,"score":4,"notes":"Ichiban suki (like best) is the everyday way to say which one is your favourite.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":794},{"id":"w-dochira-mo","romaji":"dochira mo","polite":null,"english":"both; (with a negative) neither","use":"With a positive it means both; with a negative it means neither: 'dochira mo shiranai' = I don't know either one.","ja":"どちらも","kana":"どちらも","politeJa":null,"pos":"pronoun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dochira mo oishisou da ne.","ja":"どちらもおいしそうだね。","english":"They both look delicious."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dochira mo oishisou desu ne.","ja":"どちらもおいしそうですね。","english":"They both look delicious."},"freqRank":4389,"score":4,"notes":"In casual talk it's usually dotchi mo.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":true,"n":795},{"id":"w-gohoubi","romaji":"gohoubi","polite":null,"english":"reward; treat","use":"Often a treat you give yourself: 'jibun e no gohoubi' = a little reward for me.","ja":"ご褒美","kana":"ごほうび","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ganbatta kara, jibun ni gohoubi.","ja":"頑張ったから、自分にご褒美。","english":"I worked hard, so I'm treating myself."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ganbatta node, jibun ni gohoubi desu.","ja":"頑張ったので、自分にご褒美です。","english":"I worked hard, so this is a treat for myself."},"freqRank":4677,"score":4,"notes":"Also for rewarding kids or pets.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":796},{"id":"w-risuto","romaji":"risuto","polite":null,"english":"list","use":null,"ja":"リスト","kana":"リスト","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaimono risuto, tsukutta?","ja":"買い物リスト、作った？","english":"Did you make a shopping list?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaimono risuto wa tsukurimashita ka?","ja":"買い物リストは作りましたか？","english":"Did you make the shopping list?"},"freqRank":2797,"score":3,"notes":"Usually with tsukuru (make) or ni ireru (add to the list).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":797}],"stage":3,"range":"794-797","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"a-things-5","label":"Special and wonderful","rationale":"Praise something or say it stands out.","interference":"Suteki and subarashii overlap; in casual talk both often become 'sugoi'.","items":[{"id":"w-tokubetsu","romaji":"tokubetsu","polite":"tokubetsu desu","english":"special","use":null,"ja":"特別","kana":"とくべつ","politeJa":"特別です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa tokubetsu na hi da kara ne.","ja":"今日は特別な日だからね。","english":"Today's a special day, you know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa tokubetsu na hi desu kara.","ja":"今日は特別な日ですから。","english":"Today is a special day, after all."},"freqRank":759,"score":4,"notes":"'Tokubetsu ni' means 'as an exception, just this once'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":798},{"id":"w-yuumei","romaji":"yuumei","polite":"yuumei desu","english":"famous","use":"'Famous for X' is 'X de yuumei'.","ja":"有名","kana":"ゆうめい","politeJa":"有名です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono mise, raamen de yuumei na n da yo.","ja":"この店、ラーメンで有名なんだよ。","english":"This place is famous for its ramen."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono mise wa raamen de yuumei desu.","ja":"この店はラーメンで有名です。","english":"This restaurant is famous for its ramen."},"freqRank":1068,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":799},{"id":"w-suteki","romaji":"suteki","polite":"suteki desu","english":"lovely, wonderful","use":"A warm compliment for clothes, places and people.","ja":"すてき","kana":"すてき","politeJa":"すてきです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono fuku, suteki da ne.","ja":"その服、すてきだね。","english":"That outfit's lovely."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono fuku, suteki desu ne.","ja":"その服、すてきですね。","english":"Your outfit is lovely."},"freqRank":1102,"score":3,"notes":"Leans polite and a little feminine; 'ii ne' is the everyday version.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":800},{"id":"w-kanpeki","romaji":"kanpeki","polite":"kanpeki desu","english":"perfect, flawless","use":"'Kanpeki!' alone means 'Perfect!'","ja":"完璧","kana":"かんぺき","politeJa":"完璧です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"junbi wa kanpeki da yo.","ja":"準備は完璧だよ。","english":"We're all set."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"junbi wa kanpeki desu.","ja":"準備は完璧です。","english":"Everything is ready."},"freqRank":1243,"score":4,"notes":"'Kanpeki ni' means perfectly: 'kanpeki ni oboeta' (I've got it memorised).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":801},{"id":"w-subarashii","romaji":"subarashii","polite":"subarashii desu","english":"wonderful, excellent","use":"Sounds a bit formal or emphatic; friends usually say 'sugoi'.","ja":"すばらしい","kana":"すばらしい","politeJa":"すばらしいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono keshiki, subarashii ne.","ja":"この景色、すばらしいね。","english":"This view is amazing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"subarashii keshiki desu ne.","ja":"すばらしい景色ですね。","english":"What a wonderful view."},"freqRank":1843,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":802}],"stage":3,"range":"798-802","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-12","label":"Important and precious","rationale":"Say what matters, and brush off what doesn't.","interference":"Taisetsu is personal and warm; juuyou is businesslike.","items":[{"id":"w-taisetsu","romaji":"taisetsu","polite":"taisetsu desu","english":"important; precious, dear","use":"For things and people that matter to you personally.","ja":"大切","kana":"たいせつ","politeJa":"大切です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, sugoku taisetsu na mono na n da.","ja":"これ、すごく大切なものなんだ。","english":"This is really precious to me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa totemo taisetsu na mono na n desu.","ja":"これはとても大切なものなんです。","english":"This is very precious to me."},"freqRank":578,"score":3,"notes":"'Taisetsu ni suru' means to take good care of. 'Juuyou' is the colder, businesslike 'important'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":803},{"id":"w-taishita","romaji":"taishita","polite":null,"english":"much, serious, great (mostly with a negative)","use":"Mostly in 'taishita koto nai': it's nothing, no big deal.","ja":"大した","kana":"たいした","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"taishita koto nai yo, ki ni shinaide.","ja":"大したことないよ、気にしないで。","english":"It's no big deal, don't worry about it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"taishita koto ja arimasen yo.","ja":"大したことじゃありませんよ。","english":"It's nothing serious."},"freqRank":1113,"score":4,"notes":"Only goes before a noun. Positive use: 'Taishita mon da' means 'That's impressive.'","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":804},{"id":"w-juuyou","romaji":"juuyou","polite":"juuyou desu","english":"important, crucial","use":"Sounds businesslike; for personal things 'taisetsu' or 'daiji' is warmer.","ja":"重要","kana":"じゅうよう","politeJa":"重要です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, kekkou juuyou na hanashi da yo.","ja":"これ、けっこう重要な話だよ。","english":"This is actually important."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa juuyou na hanashi desu.","ja":"これは重要な話です。","english":"This is an important matter."},"freqRank":1429,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":805},{"id":"w-kichou","romaji":"kichou","polite":"kichou desu","english":"precious, valuable, rare","use":"For scarce things: time, chances, experiences, belongings.","ja":"貴重","kana":"きちょう","politeJa":"貴重です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, kichou na keiken da ne.","ja":"それ、貴重な経験だね。","english":"That's a valuable experience."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kichou na keiken deshita.","ja":"貴重な経験でした。","english":"It was a valuable experience."},"freqRank":2698,"score":3,"notes":"'Kichouhin' means valuables.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":806}],"stage":3,"range":"803-806","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-14","label":"Safe or in danger","rationale":"Ask if people are okay and things are going well.","interference":"Buji is coming through unharmed; anzen is a safe condition.","items":[{"id":"w-buji","romaji":"buji","polite":"buji desu","english":"safe, unharmed; without trouble","use":"Usually 'buji ni' (safely) or 'buji de yokatta' (glad you're okay).","ja":"無事","kana":"ぶじ","politeJa":"無事です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"buji ni tsuita? yokatta.","ja":"無事に着いた？よかった。","english":"You got there okay? Good."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"buji ni tsukimashita ka? yokatta desu.","ja":"無事に着きましたか？よかったです。","english":"Did you arrive safely? I'm glad."},"freqRank":816,"score":3,"notes":"'Anzen' is safe as a condition; 'buji' is coming through something unharmed.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":807},{"id":"w-kiken","romaji":"kiken","polite":"kiken desu","english":"dangerous; danger","use":"Sounds serious, like a warning; in chat 'abunai' is more common.","ja":"危険","kana":"きけん","politeJa":"危険です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"asoko wa yoru, kiken da yo.","ja":"あそこは夜、危険だよ。","english":"That area's dangerous at night."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"asoko wa yoru wa kiken desu yo.","ja":"あそこは夜は危険ですよ。","english":"That area is dangerous at night."},"freqRank":1017,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":808},{"id":"w-anzen","romaji":"anzen","polite":"anzen desu","english":"safe; safety","use":null,"ja":"安全","kana":"あんぜん","politeJa":"安全です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nihon tte, yoru mo anzen da yo ne.","ja":"日本って、夜も安全だよね。","english":"Japan's safe even at night, right?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nihon wa yoru mo anzen desu ne.","ja":"日本は夜も安全ですね。","english":"Japan is safe even at night."},"freqRank":1737,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: 'kiken', or the everyday 'abunai'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":809},{"id":"w-junchou","romaji":"junchou","polite":"junchou desu","english":"going well, on track","use":"A common answer to 'How's it going?': 'Junchou da yo.'","ja":"順調","kana":"じゅんちょう","politeJa":"順調です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atarashii shigoto, junchou ni itteru?","ja":"新しい仕事、順調にいってる？","english":"Is the new job going well?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atarashii oshigoto wa junchou desu ka?","ja":"新しいお仕事は順調ですか。","english":"Is your new job going well?"},"freqRank":1689,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":810}],"stage":3,"range":"807-810","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"a-things-10","label":"Strong, weak, detailed","rationale":"Talk about detail, and how strong food, drink or colour is.","interference":"Kuwashii is detailed knowledge; komakai is small or fussy detail.","items":[{"id":"w-kuwashii","romaji":"kuwashii","polite":"kuwashii desu","english":"detailed; knows a lot about","use":"About a person: 'X ni kuwashii' means knows X well.","ja":"詳しい","kana":"くわしい","politeJa":"詳しいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, kuruma ni kuwashii yo.","ja":"彼、車に詳しいよ。","english":"He knows a lot about cars."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa kuruma ni kuwashii desu yo.","ja":"彼は車に詳しいですよ。","english":"He knows a lot about cars."},"freqRank":805,"score":4,"notes":"'Kuwashiku' means in detail: 'kuwashiku oshiete' (tell me the details).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":811},{"id":"w-komakai","romaji":"komakai","polite":"komakai desu","english":"small, fine; detailed; picky","use":null,"ja":"細かい","kana":"こまかい","politeJa":"細かいです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna komakai koto, ki ni shinaide.","ja":"そんな細かいこと、気にしないで。","english":"Don't worry about little things like that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sonna komakai koto wa ki ni shinaide kudasai.","ja":"そんな細かいことは気にしないでください。","english":"Please don't worry about small details like that."},"freqRank":3381,"score":4,"notes":"'Komakai no' is small change. About a person it means fussy or stingy.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":812},{"id":"w-usui","romaji":"usui","polite":"usui desu","english":"thin; weak, watery (taste); pale (colour)","use":"For drinks and food it means bland or watered down.","ja":"薄い","kana":"うすい","politeJa":"薄いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono koohii, chotto usui ne.","ja":"このコーヒー、ちょっと薄いね。","english":"This coffee's a bit weak."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono koohii, chotto usui desu ne.","ja":"このコーヒー、ちょっと薄いですね。","english":"This coffee is a little weak."},"freqRank":2547,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite for taste and colour: 'koi'; for thickness: 'atsui'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":813},{"id":"w-koi","romaji":"koi","polite":"koi desu","english":"strong, rich (taste); dark, deep (colour); thick","use":"For strong coffee, rich flavours, dark colours, heavy makeup.","ja":"濃い","kana":"こい","politeJa":"濃いです","pos":"i-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono raamen, aji ga koi ne.","ja":"このラーメン、味が濃いね。","english":"This ramen has a strong flavour."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono raamen wa aji ga koi desu ne.","ja":"このラーメンは味が濃いですね。","english":"This ramen is richly flavoured."},"freqRank":3669,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: 'usui'. Same sound as 'koi' (love); context tells them apart.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":814}],"stage":3,"range":"811-814","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"adv-manner-4","label":"How you do or say it","rationale":"Lets you say something is done properly, clearly or directly.","interference":"Shikkari and kichinto both mean properly; shikkari adds effort, kichinto neatness.","items":[{"id":"w-shikkari","romaji":"shikkari","polite":null,"english":"properly; firmly; reliable","use":"Doing something thoroughly and seriously, or holding on tight.","ja":"しっかり","kana":"しっかり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa shikkari yasunde ne.","ja":"今日はしっかり休んでね。","english":"Get some proper rest today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa shikkari yasunde kudasai.","ja":"今日はしっかり休んでください。","english":"Please get some proper rest today."},"freqRank":411,"score":4,"notes":"Shikkari shite! means 'pull yourself together!'; shikkari shita hito is a dependable person.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":815},{"id":"w-chokusetsu","romaji":"chokusetsu","polite":null,"english":"directly; in person","use":"Doing something without a go-between: to someone's face, yourself, from the source.","ja":"直接","kana":"ちょくせつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chokusetsu itte yo.","ja":"直接言ってよ。","english":"Just tell me to my face."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chokusetsu itte kudasai.","ja":"直接言ってください。","english":"Please tell me directly."},"freqRank":942,"score":4,"notes":"Chokusetsu au means meeting in person rather than by message or phone.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":816},{"id":"w-hakkiri","romaji":"hakkiri","polite":null,"english":"clearly; plainly; for certain","use":"Saying things straight out, or something being clearly seen, heard or known.","ja":"はっきり","kana":"はっきり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hakkiri iu to, chotto iya.","ja":"はっきり言うと、ちょっと嫌。","english":"To be honest, I don't really like it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hakkiri iu to, chotto iya desu.","ja":"はっきり言うと、ちょっと嫌です。","english":"To put it plainly, I'd rather not."},"freqRank":1033,"score":4,"notes":"Hakkiri shinai means vague or undecided: hakkiri shinai hito, a wishy-washy person.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":817},{"id":"w-kichinto","romaji":"kichinto","polite":null,"english":"properly; neatly; correctly","use":"Doing things the right, tidy way, by the rules; a bit more formal than chanto.","ja":"きちんと","kana":"きちんと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kichinto katazukete ne.","ja":"きちんと片付けてね。","english":"Tidy it up properly, OK?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kichinto katazukete kudasai.","ja":"きちんと片付けてください。","english":"Please tidy up properly."},"freqRank":1580,"score":3,"notes":"Chanto is the everyday word; shikkari adds effort and firmness.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":818},{"id":"w-sonna-fuu-ni","romaji":"sonna fuu ni","polite":null,"english":"like that; that way","use":"Points to a way of doing or saying something just mentioned.","ja":"そんなふうに","kana":"そんなふうに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sonna fuu ni iwanaide yo.","ja":"そんなふうに言わないでよ。","english":"Don't say it like that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sonna fuu ni iwanaide kudasai.","ja":"そんなふうに言わないでください。","english":"Please don't put it that way."},"freqRank":1707,"score":3,"notes":"Konna fuu ni is 'like this'; dou iu fuu ni asks 'in what way?'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":819}],"stage":3,"range":"815-819","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-11","label":"Again, for now, never again","rationale":"Lets you say when something pauses, carries on or happens again.","interference":"Nido to needs a negative verb, unlike mata 'again'.","items":[{"id":"w-nido-to","romaji":"nido to","polite":null,"english":"never again","use":"Always followed by a negative verb; strong and emotional.","ja":"二度と","kana":"にどと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":["needs-negative"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nido to konai yo, konna mise.","ja":"二度と来ないよ、こんな店。","english":"I'm never coming back to this place."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono mise ni wa nido to kimasen.","ja":"この店には二度と来ません。","english":"I'll never come to this shop again."},"freqRank":722,"score":3,"notes":"Nido to shinai is a firm promise: 'I'll never do it again.'","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":820},{"id":"w-hisashiburi-ni","romaji":"hisashiburi ni","polite":null,"english":"for the first time in ages; after a long time","use":null,"ja":"久しぶりに","kana":"ひさしぶりに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hisashiburi ni eiga mita.","ja":"久しぶりに映画見た。","english":"I saw a movie for the first time in ages."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hisashiburi ni eiga o mimashita.","ja":"久しぶりに映画を見ました。","english":"I watched a movie for the first time in a long while."},"freqRank":1210,"score":4,"notes":"Hisashiburi! on its own is the greeting 'long time no see'.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":821},{"id":"w-aratamete","romaji":"aratamete","polite":null,"english":"again (another time); anew; once more, properly","use":"Doing something over at a better time or more formally, or seeing it with fresh eyes.","ja":"改めて","kana":"あらためて","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, mata aratamete renraku suru ne.","ja":"じゃあ、また改めて連絡するね。","english":"OK, I'll get back to you another time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mata aratamete renraku shimasu.","ja":"また改めて連絡します。","english":"I'll contact you again later."},"freqRank":1445,"score":3,"notes":"Aratamete omou to... means 'now that I think about it again...', for a fresh realization.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":822},{"id":"w-ittan","romaji":"ittan","polite":null,"english":"for now; for a moment; once","use":"Pauses or switches something temporarily before carrying on: stop for now, go home first.","ja":"いったん","kana":"いったん","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ittan ie ni kaeru ne.","ja":"いったん家に帰るね。","english":"I'll head home for now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ittan ie ni kaerimasu.","ja":"いったん家に帰ります。","english":"I'll go home first."},"freqRank":2325,"score":4,"notes":"Ittan kyuukei shiyou, 'let's take a break for now', is common in meetings and practice.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":823},{"id":"w-hikitsuzuki","romaji":"hikitsuzuki","polite":null,"english":"continuing; still; as before","use":"Says something carries on unchanged; very common at work and in meetings.","ja":"引き続き","kana":"ひきつづき","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gogo mo hikitsuzuki ganbarou.","ja":"午後も引き続き頑張ろう。","english":"Let's keep at it this afternoon too."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gogo mo hikitsuzuki ganbarimashou.","ja":"午後も引き続き頑張りましょう。","english":"Let's keep it up this afternoon as well."},"freqRank":2806,"score":3,"notes":"Hikitsuzuki yoroshiku onegai shimasu is a stock sign-off at work.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":824}],"stage":3,"range":"820-824","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-8","label":"Right away, on the spot","rationale":"Lets you say something happens immediately or at the same moment.","interference":"Sassato is an impatient 'hurry up', sassoku an eager 'right away'.","items":[{"id":"w-sassato","romaji":"sassato","polite":null,"english":"quickly; hurry up and","use":"Pushy: urges someone to get on with it and stop dawdling.","ja":"さっさと","kana":"さっさと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sassato shitaku shite!","ja":"さっさと支度して!","english":"Hurry up and get ready!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sassato sumasete shimaimashou.","ja":"さっさと済ませてしまいましょう。","english":"Let's just get it done and over with."},"freqRank":1036,"score":3,"notes":"Sounds impatient when aimed at others; about your own task it just means 'quickly, and be done with it'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":825},{"id":"w-sassoku","romaji":"sassoku","polite":null,"english":"right away; without delay","use":"Doing something promptly and eagerly, like trying a gift or getting started.","ja":"早速","kana":"さっそく","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, sassoku hajimeyou.","ja":"じゃあ、早速始めよう。","english":"OK, let's get started right away."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dewa, sassoku hajimemashou.","ja":"では、早速始めましょう。","english":"Well then, let's get started."},"freqRank":1095,"score":3,"notes":"Positive and eager; sassato is the impatient 'hurry up'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":826},{"id":"w-douji","romaji":"douji","polite":null,"english":"the same time; simultaneous","use":"Almost always heard as douji ni, 'at the same time'.","ja":"同時","kana":"どうじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"douji ni tsuita ne.","ja":"同時に着いたね。","english":"We got here at the same time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"douji ni tsukimashita ne.","ja":"同時に着きましたね。","english":"We arrived at the same time."},"freqRank":2375,"score":3,"notes":"Douji ni also links two facts: 'and at the same time...'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":827},{"id":"w-sono-ba","romaji":"sono ba","polite":null,"english":"the spot; there and then","use":"Usually sono ba de, 'on the spot', for deciding, paying or reacting right there.","ja":"その場","kana":"そのば","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono ba de kimechatta.","ja":"その場で決めちゃった。","english":"I decided right there on the spot."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono ba de kimete shimaimashita.","ja":"その場で決めてしまいました。","english":"I made the decision on the spot."},"freqRank":2481,"score":3,"notes":"Sono ba ni ita means 'I was there', present when it happened.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":828}],"stage":3,"range":"825-828","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-7","label":"Finally and coming soon","rationale":"Lets you mark a long-awaited moment that has arrived or is about to.","interference":"Iyoiyo looks ahead to what's about to happen; tsui ni and toutou look back.","items":[{"id":"w-tsui-ni","romaji":"tsui ni","polite":null,"english":"finally; at last","use":"Marks the end of a long wait or build-up, good or bad.","ja":"ついに","kana":"ついに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsui ni katta yo, atarashii pasokon.","ja":"ついに買ったよ、新しいパソコン。","english":"I finally bought a new computer."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsui ni atarashii pasokon o kaimashita.","ja":"ついに新しいパソコンを買いました。","english":"I finally bought a new computer."},"freqRank":1053,"score":3,"notes":"Yatto stresses relief after effort; tsui ni is more dramatic.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":829},{"id":"w-iyoiyo","romaji":"iyoiyo","polite":null,"english":"at last (it's here); finally about to","use":"Builds anticipation for something that's about to start or arrive.","ja":"いよいよ","kana":"いよいよ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"iyoiyo ashita da ne.","ja":"いよいよ明日だね。","english":"It's finally tomorrow!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"iyoiyo ashita desu ne.","ja":"いよいよ明日ですね。","english":"It's finally tomorrow, isn't it?"},"freqRank":1252,"score":3,"notes":"Looks ahead to a moment arriving; tsui ni and toutou look back at something that has happened.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":830},{"id":"w-toutou","romaji":"toutou","polite":null,"english":"finally; in the end","use":"For an outcome after a long time or many events, often one that was dreaded.","ja":"とうとう","kana":"とうとう","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"toutou kowarechatta.","ja":"とうとう壊れちゃった。","english":"It finally broke."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"toutou kowarete shimaimashita.","ja":"とうとう壊れてしまいました。","english":"It finally broke down."},"freqRank":2620,"score":3,"notes":"With a negative it means 'never did': toutou konakatta, 'in the end he never came'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":831},{"id":"w-mamonaku","romaji":"mamonaku","polite":null,"english":"shortly; soon","use":"Mostly heard in announcements on trains, at stations and in shops.","ja":"間もなく","kana":"まもなく","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mamonaku nibansen ni densha ga mairimasu.","ja":"まもなく2番線に電車が参ります。","english":"A train will shortly arrive at platform 2."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":2611,"score":3,"notes":"In conversation, say mou sugu.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":832}],"stage":3,"range":"829-832","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-13","label":"Small requests and advice","rationale":"Lets you add favours, precautions and gentle advice to what you ask.","interference":"Nen no tame (just in case) gets mixed with mangaichi (if by some chance).","items":[{"id":"w-nakayoku","romaji":"nakayoku","polite":null,"english":"getting along; on good terms","use":"From nakayoi, 'close'; nakayoku suru means to get along or be friends.","ja":"仲良く","kana":"なかよく","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"futari tomo, nakayoku shite ne.","ja":"二人とも、仲良くしてね。","english":"Play nice, you two."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"futari tomo, nakayoku shite kudasai ne.","ja":"二人とも、仲良くしてくださいね。","english":"Please get along, you two."},"freqRank":1816,"score":3,"notes":"Kore kara mo nakayoku shite ne is a friendly 'let's stay friends'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":833},{"id":"w-tsuide-ni","romaji":"tsuide ni","polite":null,"english":"while you're at it; on the way; also","use":"Tacks an extra task onto something already happening; a common way to ask small favours.","ja":"ついでに","kana":"ついでに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konbini iku nara, tsuide ni gyuunyuu katte kite.","ja":"コンビニ行くなら、ついでに牛乳買ってきて。","english":"If you're going to the store, grab some milk while you're at it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konbini ni iku nara, tsuide ni gyuunyuu o katte kite kudasai.","ja":"コンビニに行くなら、ついでに牛乳を買ってきてください。","english":"If you're going to the convenience store, could you pick up some milk too?"},"freqRank":1938,"score":4,"notes":"Tsuide ni iu to means 'while I'm on the subject', adding a side point.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":834},{"id":"w-nen-no-tame","romaji":"nen no tame","polite":null,"english":"just in case; to be safe","use":"Explains a precaution or a double-check.","ja":"念のため","kana":"ねんのため","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nen no tame kasa motte ikou.","ja":"念のため傘持っていこう。","english":"Let's take an umbrella just in case."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nen no tame kasa o motte ikimashou.","ja":"念のため傘を持っていきましょう。","english":"Let's bring an umbrella just in case."},"freqRank":2255,"score":4,"notes":"Nen no tame kakunin shimasu, 'let me just double-check', is common at work.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":835},{"id":"w-narubeku","romaji":"narubeku","polite":null,"english":"as much as possible; if possible","use":"Softens a request or plan: try to, where you can.","ja":"なるべく","kana":"なるべく","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"narubeku hayaku kaette kite ne.","ja":"なるべく早く帰ってきてね。","english":"Try to come home as early as you can."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"narubeku hayaku kaette kite kudasai.","ja":"なるべく早く帰ってきてください。","english":"Please come home as early as possible."},"freqRank":2906,"score":4,"notes":"Dekiru dake means the same; narubeku sounds a little softer.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":836}],"stage":3,"range":"833-836","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-18","label":"Quietly and by accident","rationale":"Lets you say how something was done: carelessly, vaguely, gently, secretly or without moving.","interference":"Sotto means gently; kossori means without being seen.","items":[{"id":"w-ukkari","romaji":"ukkari","polite":null,"english":"carelessly; absent-mindedly; by mistake","use":"A slip you didn't mean, often with -te shimau.","ja":"うっかり","kana":"うっかり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ukkari norikoshichatta.","ja":"うっかり乗り過ごしちゃった。","english":"I accidentally missed my stop."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ukkari norikoshite shimaimashita.","ja":"うっかり乗り過ごしてしまいました。","english":"I carelessly rode past my stop."},"freqRank":3793,"score":4,"notes":"Ukkari shiteta = I wasn't paying attention.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":837},{"id":"w-sotto","romaji":"sotto","polite":null,"english":"gently; quietly; softly","use":"Moving carefully so as not to disturb anyone or anything.","ja":"そっと","kana":"そっと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"akachan neteru kara, sotto doa shimete.","ja":"赤ちゃん寝てるから、そっとドア閉めて。","english":"The baby's asleep, so close the door gently."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"akachan ga nete iru node, sotto doa o shimete kudasai.","ja":"赤ちゃんが寝ているので、そっとドアを閉めてください。","english":"The baby is sleeping, so please close the door quietly."},"freqRank":2968,"score":3,"notes":"Sotto shite oite = just leave me be for now.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":838},{"id":"w-kossori","romaji":"kossori","polite":null,"english":"secretly; sneakily; on the quiet","use":"Doing something so others won't notice.","ja":"こっそり","kana":"こっそり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jugyouchuu ni kossori okashi tabeta.","ja":"授業中にこっそりお菓子食べた。","english":"I snuck a snack during class."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jugyouchuu ni kossori okashi o tabemashita.","ja":"授業中にこっそりお菓子を食べました。","english":"I secretly ate snacks during class."},"freqRank":2413,"score":3,"notes":"Sotto is about being gentle; kossori is about not being seen.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":839},{"id":"w-jitto","romaji":"jitto","polite":null,"english":"still; fixedly; patiently","use":"Not moving, or staring hard: jitto shite (hold still), jitto miru.","ja":"じっと","kana":"じっと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jitto shite, sugu owaru kara.","ja":"じっとして、すぐ終わるから。","english":"Hold still, it'll be over soon."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jitto shite ite kudasai, sugu owarimasu kara.","ja":"じっとしていてください、すぐ終わりますから。","english":"Please stay still, it'll be over in a moment."},"freqRank":2386,"score":3,"notes":"Jitto mitsumeru = stare intently at.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":840}],"stage":3,"range":"837-840","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-manner-16","label":"Just now, in no time","rationale":"Lets you say when something happened or must be done.","interference":"Itsu no ma ni is about not noticing; atto iu ma ni is about speed.","items":[{"id":"w-tatta-ima","romaji":"tatta ima","polite":null,"english":"just now; this very moment","use":"Stronger than ima: it happened a moment ago.","ja":"たった今","kana":"たったいま","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tatta ima tsuita tokoro.","ja":"たった今着いたところ。","english":"I literally just got here."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tatta ima tsuita tokoro desu.","ja":"たった今着いたところです。","english":"I've just this moment arrived."},"freqRank":3310,"score":4,"notes":"Often with -ta tokoro (have just done): tatta ima deta tokoro (just left).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":841},{"id":"w-atto-iu-ma-ni","romaji":"atto iu ma ni","polite":null,"english":"in no time; in the blink of an eye","use":"For time flying or something happening fast, often with -te shimau.","ja":"あっという間に","kana":"あっというまに","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"natsuyasumi, atto iu ma ni owatchatta ne.","ja":"夏休み、あっという間に終わっちゃったね。","english":"Summer break was over in no time."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"natsuyasumi wa atto iu ma ni owatte shimaimashita ne.","ja":"夏休みはあっという間に終わってしまいましたね。","english":"The summer holidays flew by."},"freqRank":5000,"score":4,"notes":"Atto iu ma datta = it flew by.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":842},{"id":"w-itsu-no-ma-ni","romaji":"itsu no ma ni","polite":null,"english":"when did...?; before I knew it","use":"Surprise that something happened without you noticing.","ja":"いつの間に","kana":"いつのまに","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"itsu no ma ni kami kitta no?","ja":"いつの間に髪切ったの？","english":"When did you cut your hair?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"itsu no ma ni kami o kitta n desu ka?","ja":"いつの間に髪を切ったんですか？","english":"When did you get your hair cut?"},"freqRank":2925,"score":4,"notes":"Add ka for a statement: itsu no ma ni ka nete ita (I fell asleep before I knew it).","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":843},{"id":"w-kyoujuu-ni","romaji":"kyoujuu ni","polite":null,"english":"by the end of today; sometime today","use":"Sets a deadline for today.","ja":"今日中に","kana":"きょうじゅうに","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyoujuu ni henji suru ne.","ja":"今日中に返事するね。","english":"I'll get back to you by the end of today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyoujuu ni ohenji shimasu.","ja":"今日中にお返事します。","english":"I'll reply by the end of today."},"freqRank":4326,"score":4,"notes":"Same pattern for this week: konshuuchuu ni.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":844}],"stage":3,"range":"841-844","category":"Adverbs: manner and certainty"},{"id":"adv-degree-7","label":"Not at all, never","rationale":"Lets you say 'not at all' and 'never' with force.","interference":"All need a negative verb; kesshite is the solemn 'never'.","items":[{"id":"w-mattaku","romaji":"mattaku","polite":null,"english":"(not) at all; totally; geez","use":"With a negative it means 'not at all'; on its own it's an exasperated sigh.","ja":"まったく","kana":"まったく","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare no hanashi, mattaku wakaranakatta.","ja":"彼の話、まったくわからなかった。","english":"I didn't understand a word he said."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare no hanashi wa mattaku wakarimasen deshita.","ja":"彼の話はまったくわかりませんでした。","english":"I didn't understand his talk at all."},"freqRank":983,"score":3,"notes":"Mattaku mou! = honestly! (annoyed). Mattaku onaji = exactly the same.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":845},{"id":"w-sappari","romaji":"sappari","polite":null,"english":"(not) at all; refreshing; light","use":"Mostly sappari wakaranai (no idea at all); sappari shita describes light food or a fresh, clean feeling.","ja":"さっぱり","kana":"さっぱり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":["needs-negative"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono mondai, sappari wakaranai.","ja":"この問題、さっぱりわからない。","english":"I have no clue how to do this problem."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono mondai wa sappari wakarimasen.","ja":"この問題はさっぱりわかりません。","english":"I don't understand this problem at all."},"freqRank":2211,"score":3,"notes":"Sappari shita aji = a light, refreshing taste.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":846},{"id":"w-issai","romaji":"issai","polite":null,"english":"(not) at all; absolutely no","use":"A firm, total 'none': issai kankei nai (nothing whatsoever to do with it).","ja":"一切","kana":"いっさい","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":["needs-negative"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono ken ni wa issai kankei nai yo.","ja":"その件には一切関係ないよ。","english":"I have absolutely nothing to do with that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono ken ni wa issai kankei arimasen.","ja":"その件には一切関係ありません。","english":"I have nothing whatsoever to do with that matter."},"freqRank":1300,"score":3,"notes":"Stiffer than zenzen; common in rules and notices.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":847},{"id":"w-kesshite","romaji":"kesshite","polite":null,"english":"never; by no means","use":"A serious 'never' for promises and warnings.","ja":"決して","kana":"けっして","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":["needs-negative"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono koto wa kesshite dare ni mo iwanai.","ja":"このことは決して誰にも言わない。","english":"I'll never tell anyone about this."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono koto wa kesshite dare ni mo iimasen.","ja":"このことは決して誰にも言いません。","english":"I will never tell anyone about this."},"freqRank":1158,"score":3,"notes":"Zettai ...nai is the everyday 'never'; kesshite sounds more solemn.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":848}],"stage":3,"range":"845-848","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-degree-9","label":"At least, no more","rationale":"Lets you set a minimum, a limit, or say what matters most.","interference":"Semete is a wish; sukunakutomo is a factual minimum.","items":[{"id":"w-semete","romaji":"semete","polite":null,"english":"at least; if nothing else","use":"The minimum you hope for or ask for.","ja":"せめて","kana":"せめて","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okureru nara, semete renraku shite yo.","ja":"遅れるなら、せめて連絡してよ。","english":"If you're going to be late, at least let me know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okureru nara, semete renraku shite kudasai.","ja":"遅れるなら、せめて連絡してください。","english":"If you'll be late, please at least get in touch."},"freqRank":1148,"score":3,"notes":"Sukunakutomo is a factual 'at least'; semete is a wish or request.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":849},{"id":"w-sukunakutomo","romaji":"sukunakutomo","polite":null,"english":"at least; no less than","use":"A minimum estimate or fact.","ja":"少なくとも","kana":"すくなくとも","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sukunakutomo ichijikan wa kakaru yo.","ja":"少なくとも一時間はかかるよ。","english":"It'll take at least an hour."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sukunakutomo ichijikan wa kakarimasu.","ja":"少なくとも一時間はかかります。","english":"It will take at least an hour."},"freqRank":1939,"score":3,"notes":"Also 'at least' for one case: sukunakutomo watashi wa shiranakatta (I, at least, didn't know).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":850},{"id":"w-kore-ijou","romaji":"kore ijou","polite":null,"english":"any more (than this); further","use":"Usually with a negative to draw a line: kore ijou muri (I can't take any more).","ja":"これ以上","kana":"これいじょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou kore ijou taberarenai.","ja":"もうこれ以上食べられない。","english":"I can't eat any more."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou kore ijou taberaremasen.","ja":"もうこれ以上食べられません。","english":"I couldn't eat another bite."},"freqRank":598,"score":3,"notes":"After a number, ijou means 'or more': juunin ijou (ten or more people).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":851},{"id":"w-nani-yori","romaji":"nani yori","polite":null,"english":"above all; more than anything","use":"Picks out the most important point.","ja":"何より","kana":"なにより","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nani yori, minna buji de yokatta.","ja":"何より、みんな無事でよかった。","english":"Most of all, I'm glad everyone's safe."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nani yori, minasan buji de yokatta desu.","ja":"何より、皆さん無事でよかったです。","english":"Above all, I'm glad everyone is safe."},"freqRank":2143,"score":3,"notes":"Ogenki de nani yori desu = I'm so glad you're well (polite set phrase).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":852}],"stage":3,"range":"849-852","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-degree-5","label":"More and more","rationale":"Lets you describe change: fast, gradual or still growing.","interference":"Dondon is about speed; masumasu is about degree.","items":[{"id":"w-dondon","romaji":"dondon","polite":null,"english":"more and more; quickly; one after another","use":"Fast, steady progress or increase; dondon tabete urges someone to dig in.","ja":"どんどん","kana":"どんどん","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nihongo, dondon jouzu ni natteru ne.","ja":"日本語、どんどん上手になってるね。","english":"Your Japanese is getting better and better."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nihongo ga dondon jouzu ni natte imasu ne.","ja":"日本語がどんどん上手になっていますね。","english":"Your Japanese is improving quickly."},"freqRank":757,"score":4,"notes":"Also a banging or drumming sound.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":853},{"id":"w-sukoshi-zutsu","romaji":"sukoshi zutsu","polite":null,"english":"little by little; a bit at a time","use":"Gradual progress, or doing something in small portions.","ja":"少しずつ","kana":"すこしずつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sukoshi zutsu narete kita yo.","ja":"少しずつ慣れてきたよ。","english":"I'm getting used to it little by little."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sukoshi zutsu narete kimashita.","ja":"少しずつ慣れてきました。","english":"I'm gradually getting used to it."},"freqRank":4093,"score":4,"notes":"-zutsu means 'each' or 'at a time': hitotsu zutsu (one each).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":854},{"id":"w-masumasu","romaji":"masumasu","polite":null,"english":"more and more; even more","use":"Something already true keeps growing: masumasu samuku naru.","ja":"ますます","kana":"ますます","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"setsumei kiitara, masumasu wakaranaku natta.","ja":"説明聞いたら、ますますわからなくなった。","english":"After the explanation I was even more confused."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"setsumei o kiitara, masumasu wakaranaku narimashita.","ja":"説明を聞いたら、ますますわからなくなりました。","english":"The explanation left me even more confused."},"freqRank":2113,"score":3,"notes":"Dondon stresses speed; masumasu stresses growing degree.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":855},{"id":"w-sara-ni","romaji":"sara ni","polite":null,"english":"even more; further; on top of that","use":"Raises the degree of something already said; a bit more formal than motto.","ja":"さらに","kana":"さらに","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ame ga sara ni tsuyoku natta.","ja":"雨がさらに強くなった。","english":"The rain got even heavier."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ame ga sara ni tsuyoku narimashita.","ja":"雨がさらに強くなりました。","english":"The rain has become even heavier."},"freqRank":1687,"score":3,"notes":"At the start of a sentence it means 'moreover', common in news and ads.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":856}],"stage":3,"range":"853-856","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-degree-4","label":"Just a little","rationale":"Lets you play down an amount or a thing.","interference":"Tatta goes before numbers; hon no and chotto shita go before nouns.","items":[{"id":"w-tatta","romaji":"tatta","polite":null,"english":"only; just","use":"Stresses how small a number or amount is, often with dake.","ja":"たった","kana":"たった","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tatta gofun de owatta yo.","ja":"たった五分で終わったよ。","english":"It only took five minutes."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tatta gofun de owarimashita yo.","ja":"たった五分で終わりましたよ。","english":"It took just five minutes."},"freqRank":1157,"score":3,"notes":"Goes right before the number, while dake follows it: tatta sen'en dake (just 1,000 yen).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":857},{"id":"w-hon-no","romaji":"hon no","polite":null,"english":"just a; a mere; only a little","use":"Comes before a noun to make it small: hon no sukoshi (just a tiny bit).","ja":"ほんの","kana":"ほんの","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hon no sukoshi dake choudai.","ja":"ほんの少しだけちょうだい。","english":"Just give me a tiny bit."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hon no sukoshi dake kudasai.","ja":"ほんの少しだけください。","english":"Just a little, please."},"freqRank":2207,"score":3,"notes":"Hon no kimochi desu = it's just a small token (said when giving a gift).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":858},{"id":"w-chotto-shita","romaji":"chotto shita","polite":null,"english":"small; slight; minor","use":"Before a noun: a small, casual thing, like chotto shita omiyage (a little gift).","ja":"ちょっとした","kana":"ちょっとした","politeJa":null,"pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto shita mondai ga atte, okureta.","ja":"ちょっとした問題があって、遅れた。","english":"There was a small problem, so I was late."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto shita mondai ga atte, okuremashita.","ja":"ちょっとした問題があって、遅れました。","english":"There was a minor problem, so I was late."},"freqRank":2697,"score":3,"notes":"Can flip to 'quite a': chotto shita yuumeijin (quite a celebrity).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":859},{"id":"w-tashou","romaji":"tashou","polite":null,"english":"a little; somewhat; more or less","use":"Often in 'even if a bit...' and in hedges: tashou no okure (some delay).","ja":"多少","kana":"たしょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tashou takakute mo, kore ga ii.","ja":"多少高くても、これがいい。","english":"Even if it's a bit pricey, I want this one."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tashou takakute mo, kore ga ii desu.","ja":"多少高くても、これがいいです。","english":"Even if it costs a little more, I'd like this one."},"freqRank":2614,"score":3,"notes":"Sounds a bit more formal than sukoshi or chotto.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":860}],"stage":3,"range":"857-860","category":"Degree words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-8","label":"Moods at a glance","rationale":"Lets you describe a mood you can see or feel.","interference":"Moyamoya (nagging unease) and bootto (blank mind) both sound vague but differ.","items":[{"id":"w-bootto","romaji":"bootto","polite":null,"english":"spaced out; absent-minded","use":"Usually bootto suru (zone out) or bootto shite ita (wasn't paying attention).","ja":"ぼーっと","kana":"ぼーっと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, chotto bootto shiteta.","ja":"ごめん、ちょっとぼーっとしてた。","english":"Sorry, I zoned out for a sec."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, chotto bootto shite imashita.","ja":"すみません、ちょっとぼーっとしていました。","english":"Sorry, I zoned out for a moment."},"freqRank":7075,"score":4,"notes":"Also feeling dazed from fever or heat: atama ga bootto suru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":861},{"id":"w-nikoniko","romaji":"nikoniko","polite":null,"english":"smiling; beaming","use":"Usually nikoniko suru or nikoniko shite iru: a warm, steady smile.","ja":"ニコニコ","kana":"にこにこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou zutto nikoniko shiteru ne.","ja":"今日ずっとニコニコしてるね。","english":"You've been smiling all day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa zutto nikoniko shite imasu ne.","ja":"今日はずっとニコニコしていますね。","english":"You've been smiling all day."},"freqRank":6835,"score":3,"notes":"Niyaniya is a smirk with something behind it; nikoniko is always pleasant.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":862},{"id":"w-moyamoya","romaji":"moyamoya","polite":null,"english":"uneasy; bothered; unresolved feeling","use":"Usually moyamoya suru: a nagging feeling you can't put your finger on.","ja":"モヤモヤ","kana":"もやもや","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanka moyamoya suru n da yo ne.","ja":"なんかモヤモヤするんだよね。","english":"Something just doesn't sit right with me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nan da ka moyamoya shimasu.","ja":"なんだかモヤモヤします。","english":"Something just doesn't sit right with me."},"freqRank":7422,"score":3,"notes":"Literally hazy or misty, like a blur in your vision.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":863},{"id":"w-ukiuki","romaji":"ukiuki","polite":null,"english":"cheerful; in high spirits","use":"Usually ukiuki suru: light, bouncy happiness before something nice, like a trip.","ja":"ウキウキ","kana":"うきうき","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita ryokou da kara ukiuki shiteru.","ja":"明日旅行だからウキウキしてる。","english":"I'm all excited because I'm going on a trip tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita ryokou na node ukiuki shite imasu.","ja":"明日旅行なのでウキウキしています。","english":"I'm all excited because I'm going on a trip tomorrow."},"freqRank":14625,"score":3,"notes":"Close to wakuwaku; ukiuki is a lighter mood that shows on the outside.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":864}],"stage":3,"range":"861-864","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-4","label":"Sleep and tiredness","rationale":"Lets you say how you slept and how tired you are.","interference":"Utouto is light dozing, gussuri deep sleep; furafura is dizzy, kutakuta worn out.","items":[{"id":"w-gussuri","romaji":"gussuri","polite":null,"english":"soundly (asleep)","use":"Almost always with neru or nemuru.","ja":"ぐっすり","kana":"ぐっすり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou wa gussuri neta.","ja":"昨日はぐっすり寝た。","english":"I slept like a log last night."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou wa gussuri nemuremashita.","ja":"昨日はぐっすり眠れました。","english":"I slept really well last night."},"freqRank":6536,"score":3,"notes":"Gussuri nemureta? (Did you sleep well?) is a common morning question.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":865},{"id":"w-furafura","romaji":"furafura","polite":null,"english":"dizzy, unsteady; drifting aimlessly","use":"Usually furafura suru: feeling faint from hunger, fever or tiredness.","ja":"フラフラ","kana":"ふらふら","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"netsu ga atte, chotto furafura suru.","ja":"熱があって、ちょっとフラフラする。","english":"I've got a fever and feel a bit dizzy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"netsu ga atte, chotto furafura shimasu.","ja":"熱があって、ちょっとフラフラします。","english":"I have a fever and feel a bit dizzy."},"freqRank":6793,"score":3,"notes":"Also drifting about with no aim, or someone who won't commit. A spinning dizziness is memai.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":866},{"id":"w-kutakuta","romaji":"kutakuta","polite":"kutakuta desu","english":"worn out, exhausted","use":"Usually kutakuta da or kutakuta ni naru, after a long day.","ja":"くたくた","kana":"くたくた","politeJa":"くたくたです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ichinichi aruite, mou kutakuta.","ja":"一日歩いて、もうくたくた。","english":"I walked all day and I'm totally worn out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ichinichi aruite, mou kutakuta desu.","ja":"一日歩いて、もうくたくたです。","english":"I walked all day and I'm totally worn out."},"freqRank":28027,"score":3,"notes":"Stronger than tsukareta. Also clothes or vegetables gone limp.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":false,"n":867},{"id":"w-utouto","romaji":"utouto","polite":null,"english":"dozing off, nodding off","use":"Usually utouto suru: drifting into light sleep, like on a train.","ja":"うとうと","kana":"うとうと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"densha de utouto shichatta.","ja":"電車でうとうとしちゃった。","english":"I nodded off on the train."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"densha de utouto shite shimaimashita.","ja":"電車でうとうとしてしまいました。","english":"I nodded off on the train."},"freqRank":35808,"score":3,"notes":"Light sleep, the opposite of gussuri.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":868}],"stage":3,"range":"865-868","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-6","label":"Warm, muggy, rainy weather","rationale":"Lets you talk about warm, damp and rainy days.","interference":"Mushimushi is hot and muggy; jimejime is damp.","items":[{"id":"w-pokapoka","romaji":"pokapoka","polite":null,"english":"nice and warm; cozy","use":"For gentle sunshine, or warmth spreading through your body after a bath.","ja":"ぽかぽか","kana":"ぽかぽか","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa pokapoka shite kimochi ii ne.","ja":"今日はぽかぽかして気持ちいいね。","english":"It's nice and warm today, feels great."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa pokapoka shite kimochi ii desu ne.","ja":"今日はぽかぽかして気持ちいいですね。","english":"It's nice and warm today, isn't it."},"freqRank":37530,"score":3,"notes":"Always a pleasant warmth, never too hot.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":869},{"id":"w-jimejime","romaji":"jimejime","polite":null,"english":"damp, humid","use":"Usually jimejime suru, for the rainy season or a damp room.","ja":"じめじめ","kana":"じめじめ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsuyu wa jimejime shite iya da ne.","ja":"梅雨はじめじめして嫌だね。","english":"The rainy season is so damp and gross."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsuyu wa jimejime shite iya desu ne.","ja":"梅雨はじめじめして嫌ですね。","english":"The rainy season is so damp and unpleasant."},"freqRank":45523,"score":3,"notes":"Mushimushi is hot and muggy; jimejime stresses damp. Also a gloomy, brooding personality.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":870},{"id":"w-zaazaa","romaji":"zaazaa","polite":null,"english":"pouring (rain)","use":"For heavy rain: ame ga zaazaa futte iru.","ja":"ザーザー","kana":"ざーざー","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"soto, ame zaazaa futteru yo.","ja":"外、雨ザーザー降ってるよ。","english":"It's pouring outside."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"soto wa ame ga zaazaa futte imasu yo.","ja":"外は雨がザーザー降っていますよ。","english":"It's pouring outside."},"freqRank":79051,"score":3,"notes":"Zaazaa buri = a downpour. Light rain is potsupotsu (a few drops) or shitoshito (drizzle).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":871},{"id":"w-mushimushi","romaji":"mushimushi","polite":null,"english":"muggy, hot and humid","use":"Usually mushimushi suru, for sticky summer heat.","ja":"蒸し蒸し","kana":"むしむし","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa honto mushimushi suru ne.","ja":"今日はほんと蒸し蒸しするね。","english":"It's really muggy today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa mushimushi shimasu ne.","ja":"今日は蒸し蒸ししますね。","english":"It's muggy today, isn't it."},"freqRank":98735,"score":3,"notes":"Mushiatsui (hot and muggy) is the i-adjective version.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":872}],"stage":3,"range":"869-872","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"v-move-8","label":"Welcoming and guiding","rationale":"Recognise 'come' in respectful, humble and parental speech, and offer to show someone around.","interference":"irassharu raises the other person and mairu lowers yourself; never use irassharu for yourself.","items":[{"id":"w-irassharu","romaji":"irassharu","polite":"irasshaimasu","english":"come; go; be (respectful)","use":"For what a customer, boss or elder does; never for yourself.","ja":"いらっしゃる","kana":"いらっしゃる","politeJa":"いらっしゃいます","pos":"verb","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"buchou wa mou kaigi ni irasshatta?","ja":"部長はもう会議にいらっしゃった？","english":"Has the boss come to the meeting yet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"buchou wa mou kaigi ni irasshaimashita ka?","ja":"部長はもう会議にいらっしゃいましたか？","english":"Has the department head arrived at the meeting yet?"},"freqRank":689,"score":4,"notes":"irasshaimase is the shop greeting; irasshai is a warm 'welcome' at home.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":873},{"id":"w-oide","romaji":"oide","polite":null,"english":"come here (to a child or pet)","use":"Warm and parental; to an adult friend say kotchi kite instead.","ja":"おいで","kana":"おいで","politeJa":null,"pos":"phrase","flags":["casual-only"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hora, oide. kotchi oide.","ja":"ほら、おいで。こっちおいで。","english":"Come on, come over here."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1176,"score":3,"notes":"Also an older person's invitation: asobi ni oide (come and visit).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":874},{"id":"w-mairu","romaji":"mairu","polite":"mairimasu","english":"go; come (humble); be stumped (as maitta)","use":"mairimasu humbly says you're going or coming, to customers or a boss; maitta (na) is a casual 'ugh, I'm stuck'.","ja":"参る","kana":"まいる","politeJa":"参ります","pos":"verb","flags":["humble"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"maitta na, kagi nakushichatta.","ja":"参ったな、鍵なくしちゃった。","english":"Ugh, I've lost my keys."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita no juuji ni sochira e mairimasu.","ja":"明日の10時にそちらへ参ります。","english":"I'll come to you at ten tomorrow."},"freqRank":1333,"score":3,"notes":"In service speech: sugu mairimasu (I'll be right with you).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":875},{"id":"w-annai-suru","romaji":"annai suru","polite":"annai shimasu","english":"show around, guide; show the way","use":null,"ja":"案内する","kana":"あんないする","politeJa":"案内します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono hen, annai suru yo.","ja":"この辺、案内するよ。","english":"I'll show you around the area."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono hen o annai shimasu yo.","ja":"この辺を案内しますよ。","english":"I'll show you around the area."},"freqRank":2153,"score":3,"notes":"Staff say goannai shimasu (let me show you). annaijo = information desk.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":876}],"stage":4,"range":"873-876","category":"Verbs: moving"},{"id":"v-move-4","label":"Driving and stopping","rationale":"Drive, give turns and say when something stops or won't move.","interference":"tomaru and ugoku happen by themselves; doing it to something is tomeru and ugokasu.","items":[{"id":"w-tomaru","romaji":"tomaru","polite":"tomarimasu","english":"stop, come to a stop","use":"Something stops by itself; stopping something yourself is tomeru.","ja":"止まる","kana":"とまる","politeJa":"止まります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"densha, mata tochuu de tomatchatta.","ja":"電車、また途中で止まっちゃった。","english":"The train's stopped partway again."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"densha ga mata tochuu de tomatte shimaimashita.","ja":"電車がまた途中で止まってしまいました。","english":"The train has stopped partway again."},"freqRank":776,"score":4,"notes":"Same sound as 泊まる tomaru, stay the night: hoteru ni tomaru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":877},{"id":"w-ugoku","romaji":"ugoku","polite":"ugokimasu","english":"move; work, run (machines)","use":"For something moving by itself; moving something yourself is ugokasu.","ja":"動く","kana":"うごく","politeJa":"動きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ugokanaide! shashin toru kara.","ja":"動かないで！写真撮るから。","english":"Don't move! I'm taking a photo."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ugokanaide kudasai. shashin o torimasu.","ja":"動かないでください。写真を撮ります。","english":"Please don't move. I'm taking a photo."},"freqRank":394,"score":3,"notes":"Also for machines: pasokon ga ugokanai (my computer won't work).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":878},{"id":"w-magaru","romaji":"magaru","polite":"magarimasu","english":"turn (a corner); bend","use":"The corner takes o, the direction ni: kado o migi ni magaru.","ja":"曲がる","kana":"まがる","politeJa":"曲がります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsugi no kado, migi ni magatte.","ja":"次の角、右に曲がって。","english":"Turn right at the next corner."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsugi no kado o migi ni magatte kudasai.","ja":"次の角を右に曲がってください。","english":"Please turn right at the next corner."},"freqRank":3893,"score":4,"notes":"Also for things bent or crooked: nekutai magatteru yo (your tie's crooked).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":879},{"id":"w-unten-suru","romaji":"unten suru","polite":"unten shimasu","english":"drive (a car)","use":null,"ja":"運転する","kana":"うんてんする","politeJa":"運転します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaeri wa watashi ga unten suru yo.","ja":"帰りは私が運転するよ。","english":"I'll drive on the way back."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaeri wa watashi ga unten shimasu.","ja":"帰りは私が運転します。","english":"I'll drive on the way back."},"freqRank":2725,"score":3,"notes":"unten menkyo = driver's licence; unten miawase = trains not running.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":880}],"stage":4,"range":"877-880","category":"Verbs: moving"},{"id":"v-move-5","label":"Trips and moves","rationale":"Talk about travel plans and moving: set off, move on, arrive, move house.","interference":"idou suru is getting from place to place; hikkosu is moving house.","items":[{"id":"w-hikkosu","romaji":"hikkosu","polite":"hikkoshimasu","english":"move house","use":null,"ja":"引っ越す","kana":"ひっこす","politeJa":"引っ越します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raigetsu hikkosu n da.","ja":"来月引っ越すんだ。","english":"I'm moving next month."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raigetsu hikkoshimasu.","ja":"来月引っ越します。","english":"I'm moving next month."},"freqRank":1855,"score":4,"notes":"hikkoshi = a move (noun): hikkoshi no junbi (packing for a move).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":881},{"id":"w-touchaku","romaji":"touchaku","polite":null,"english":"arrival; arrive (formal)","use":"Heard in announcements and travel plans; in conversation 'arrive' is usually tsuku.","ja":"到着","kana":"とうちゃく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hikouki no touchaku, okureru tte.","ja":"飛行機の到着、遅れるって。","english":"They say the plane's going to be late."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hikouki no touchaku ga okureru sou desu.","ja":"飛行機の到着が遅れるそうです。","english":"I hear the plane's arrival is delayed."},"freqRank":1858,"score":3,"notes":"As a verb, touchaku suru sounds formal: mamonaku touchaku shimasu (we'll arrive shortly).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":882},{"id":"w-idou-suru","romaji":"idou suru","polite":"idou shimasu","english":"move (from one place to another), get from A to B","use":"Going somewhere else, on foot or by transport; not moving house (hikkosu) or budging (ugoku).","ja":"移動する","kana":"いどうする","politeJa":"移動します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sorosoro idou shiyou ka.","ja":"そろそろ移動しようか。","english":"Shall we move on?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sorosoro idou shimashou ka.","ja":"そろそろ移動しましょうか。","english":"Shall we head over soon?"},"freqRank":1994,"score":3,"notes":"idouchuu = on the way, in transit (common in texts).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":883},{"id":"w-shuppatsu-suru","romaji":"shuppatsu suru","polite":"shuppatsu shimasu","english":"leave, set off, depart","use":null,"ja":"出発する","kana":"しゅっぱつする","politeJa":"出発します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nanji ni shuppatsu suru?","ja":"何時に出発する？","english":"What time are we leaving?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nanji ni shuppatsu shimasu ka?","ja":"何時に出発しますか？","english":"What time do we leave?"},"freqRank":2505,"score":3,"notes":"shuppatsu! on its own = off we go! In casual talk, deru often does the same job.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":884}],"stage":4,"range":"881-884","category":"Verbs: moving"},{"id":"v-home-1","label":"On, off, open, close","rationale":"Ask to switch lights and the AC on or off and to open or shut windows and doors.","interference":"Lights and TVs take tsukeru and kesu, never akeru and shimeru.","items":[{"id":"w-tsukeru","romaji":"tsukeru","polite":"tsukemasu","english":"turn on (a light, TV, AC); put on, attach","use":"Switching on: denki o tsukeru. Opposite: kesu.","ja":"つける","kana":"つける","politeJa":"つけます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou kurai kara, denki tsukete.","ja":"もう暗いから、電気つけて。","english":"It's getting dark, turn the light on."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kurai node, denki o tsukete kudasai.","ja":"暗いので、電気をつけてください。","english":"It's dark, so please turn on the light."},"freqRank":393,"score":4,"notes":"ki o tsukete = take care. Also attach or apply: namae o tsukeru (give a name).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":885},{"id":"w-kesu","romaji":"kesu","polite":"keshimasu","english":"turn off (a light, TV); erase, delete","use":"Opposite of tsukeru.","ja":"消す","kana":"けす","politeJa":"消します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"neru kara denki keshite.","ja":"寝るから電気消して。","english":"I'm going to bed, turn off the light."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"neru node denki o keshite kudasai.","ja":"寝るので電気を消してください。","english":"I'm going to sleep, so please turn off the light."},"freqRank":964,"score":4,"notes":"Also delete: shashin o kesu. Something going out by itself is kieru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":886},{"id":"w-akeru","romaji":"akeru","polite":"akemasu","english":"open (a door, window, box)","use":"You open something; something opening by itself is aku.","ja":"開ける","kana":"あける","politeJa":"開けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atsui ne. mado akete ii?","ja":"暑いね。窓開けていい？","english":"It's hot. Mind if I open the window?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atsui desu ne. mado o akete mo ii desu ka?","ja":"暑いですね。窓を開けてもいいですか？","english":"It's hot, isn't it. May I open the window?"},"freqRank":480,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: shimeru (close).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":887},{"id":"w-shimeru","romaji":"shimeru","polite":"shimemasu","english":"close, shut (a door, window); close (a shop)","use":"You close something; something closing by itself is shimaru.","ja":"閉める","kana":"しめる","politeJa":"閉めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"samui kara mado shimete.","ja":"寒いから窓閉めて。","english":"It's cold, shut the window."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"samui node mado o shimete kudasai.","ja":"寒いので窓を閉めてください。","english":"It's cold, so please close the window."},"freqRank":1764,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: akeru. 締める shimeru, same sound, is fasten or tighten (a seatbelt, a tie).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":888}],"stage":4,"range":"885-888","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-home-8","label":"Tidying up","rationale":"Lets you ask someone to tidy, put things away, sort things out or put them on display.","interference":"Katazukeru tidies a whole mess; shimau puts one thing in its place.","items":[{"id":"w-katazukeru","romaji":"katazukeru","polite":"katazukemasu","english":"tidy up; put away; clear (the table)","use":"The everyday word for cleaning up a mess — a room, toys, dishes.","ja":"片付ける","kana":"かたづける","politeJa":"片付けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okyakusan kuru kara, heya katazukete.","ja":"お客さん来るから、部屋片付けて。","english":"Guests are coming, so tidy your room."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okyakusan ga kuru node, heya o katazukete kudasai.","ja":"お客さんが来るので、部屋を片付けてください。","english":"Guests are coming, so please tidy your room."},"freqRank":2543,"score":4,"notes":"Also for finishing off work: shigoto o katazukeru. Shimau is putting one thing in its place.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":889},{"id":"w-shimau","romaji":"shimau","polite":"shimaimasu","english":"put away; put back","use":"Putting something into its proper place — a drawer, a cupboard, a bag.","ja":"しまう","kana":"しまう","politeJa":"しまいます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"omocha, chanto shimatte ne.","ja":"おもちゃ、ちゃんとしまってね。","english":"Put your toys away properly, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"omocha o chanto shimatte kudasai.","ja":"おもちゃをちゃんとしまってください。","english":"Please put your toys away properly."},"freqRank":2285,"score":3,"notes":"Also the ending -te shimau (-chau), 'end up doing': tabechatta = I ate it all.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":890},{"id":"w-seiri-suru","romaji":"seiri suru","polite":"seiri shimasu","english":"sort out; organise","use":"Putting papers, files, data or thoughts in order; for a messy room, katazukeru is more everyday.","ja":"整理する","kana":"せいりする","politeJa":"整理します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ato de shorui seiri suru yo.","ja":"後で書類整理するよ。","english":"I'll sort out the papers later."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ato de shorui o seiri shimasu.","ja":"後で書類を整理します。","english":"I'll sort out the papers later."},"freqRank":1970,"score":3,"notes":"Kimochi o seiri suru = sort out your feelings. Same sound as seiri, a period (menstruation).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":891},{"id":"w-kazaru","romaji":"kazaru","polite":"kazarimasu","english":"decorate; put on display, put up","use":"For pictures, flowers or decorations set out to be seen.","ja":"飾る","kana":"かざる","politeJa":"飾ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono shashin, heya ni kazarou ka.","ja":"この写真、部屋に飾ろうか。","english":"Shall we put this photo up in the room?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono shashin o heya ni kazarimashou ka.","ja":"この写真を部屋に飾りましょうか。","english":"Shall we put this photo up in the room?"},"freqRank":2534,"score":3,"notes":"Kazaranai hito = a down-to-earth, unpretentious person.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":892}],"stage":4,"range":"889-892","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-home-5","label":"Getting dressed and washed","rationale":"Covers shoes off at the door, putting shoes on, showering and brushing teeth.","interference":"Haku is only for feet and legs; tops use kiru, though nugu takes everything off.","items":[{"id":"w-nugu","romaji":"nugu","polite":"nugimasu","english":"take off (clothes, shoes, hats)","use":null,"ja":"脱ぐ","kana":"ぬぐ","politeJa":"脱ぎます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko de kutsu nuide ne.","ja":"ここで靴脱いでね。","english":"Take your shoes off here, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko de kutsu o nuide kudasai.","ja":"ここで靴を脱いでください。","english":"Please take your shoes off here."},"freqRank":2074,"score":4,"notes":"One verb takes everything off, but putting on splits: kiru (tops), haku (shoes, trousers), kaburu (hats).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":893},{"id":"w-haku","romaji":"haku","polite":"hakimasu","english":"put on, wear (shoes, socks, trousers, skirts)","use":"For anything on the feet or legs; haite iru (haiteru) = be wearing.","ja":"履く","kana":"はく","politeJa":"履きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa sukaato haite iku.","ja":"今日はスカート履いていく。","english":"I'm wearing a skirt today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa sukaato o haite ikimasu.","ja":"今日はスカートを履いていきます。","english":"I'm wearing a skirt today."},"freqRank":3474,"score":4,"notes":"Tops take kiru and hats kaburu. Same sound as haku 'throw up'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":894},{"id":"w-abiru","romaji":"abiru","polite":"abimasu","english":"take (a shower); bathe in (sunlight)","use":"Almost always shawaa o abiru; also sunlight or criticism pouring onto you.","ja":"浴びる","kana":"あびる","politeJa":"浴びます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saki ni shawaa abite kuru ne.","ja":"先にシャワー浴びてくるね。","english":"I'll go take a shower first."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saki ni shawaa o abite kimasu.","ja":"先にシャワーを浴びてきます。","english":"I'll go take a shower first."},"freqRank":2813,"score":3,"notes":"A bath is ofuro ni hairu, not abiru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":895},{"id":"w-migaku","romaji":"migaku","polite":"migakimasu","english":"brush (teeth); polish","use":"Above all ha o migaku, brushing your teeth; also shoes, or a skill (ude o migaku).","ja":"磨く","kana":"みがく","politeJa":"磨きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"neru mae ni ha migaita?","ja":"寝る前に歯磨いた?","english":"Did you brush your teeth before bed?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"neru mae ni ha o migakimashita ka?","ja":"寝る前に歯を磨きましたか?","english":"Did you brush your teeth before bed?"},"freqRank":3398,"score":3,"notes":"Hamigaki = brushing your teeth, or toothpaste.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":896}],"stage":4,"range":"893-896","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-home-9","label":"Laundry and wiping","rationale":"Covers wiping up, hanging out the washing and folding it.","interference":"Fuku (wipe) sounds like fuku (clothes) and fuku (blow).","items":[{"id":"w-fuku","romaji":"fuku","polite":"fukimasu","english":"wipe; dry (with a towel)","use":"With a cloth or towel: tables, hands, tears, a wet body.","ja":"拭く","kana":"ふく","politeJa":"拭きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto teeburu fuite kureru?","ja":"ちょっとテーブル拭いてくれる?","english":"Can you wipe the table?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto teeburu o fuite moraemasu ka?","ja":"ちょっとテーブルを拭いてもらえますか?","english":"Could you wipe the table?"},"freqRank":2732,"score":3,"notes":"Same sound as fuku 'clothes' and fuku 'blow'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":897},{"id":"w-hosu","romaji":"hosu","polite":"hoshimasu","english":"hang out to dry; air (a futon)","use":null,"ja":"干す","kana":"ほす","politeJa":"干します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sentakumono, soto ni hoshite kureta?","ja":"洗濯物、外に干してくれた?","english":"Did you hang the washing outside?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sentakumono o soto ni hoshite kuremashita ka?","ja":"洗濯物を外に干してくれましたか?","english":"Did you hang the washing outside?"},"freqRank":5268,"score":3,"notes":"Bringing it back in is torikomu. Futon o hosu = air the futon in the sun.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":898},{"id":"w-tatamu","romaji":"tatamu","polite":"tatamimasu","english":"fold (clothes, futons, umbrellas)","use":null,"ja":"畳む","kana":"たたむ","politeJa":"畳みます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kawaitara sentakumono tatande oite ne.","ja":"乾いたら洗濯物畳んでおいてね。","english":"Fold the laundry once it's dry, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kawaitara sentakumono o tatande oite kudasai.","ja":"乾いたら洗濯物を畳んでおいてください。","english":"Please fold the laundry once it's dry."},"freqRank":6592,"score":3,"notes":"Also mise o tatamu = close a shop for good.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":899}],"stage":4,"range":"897-899","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-home-7","label":"Heating and cooking","rationale":"Covers reheating food, the microwave, boiling water and basic cooking.","interference":"Wakasu boils the water; yuderu boils food in it.","items":[{"id":"w-atatameru","romaji":"atatameru","polite":"atatamemasu","english":"warm up; reheat","use":"Convenience store staff ask atatamemasu ka? about your bento.","ja":"温める","kana":"あたためる","politeJa":"温めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou no karee, atatameyou ka?","ja":"昨日のカレー、温めようか?","english":"Shall I heat up yesterday's curry?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou no karee o atatamemashou ka?","ja":"昨日のカレーを温めましょうか?","english":"Shall I heat up yesterday's curry?"},"freqRank":4658,"score":4,"notes":"Written 暖める for rooms and air; same sound.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":900},{"id":"w-chin-suru","romaji":"chin suru","polite":"chin shimasu","english":"microwave, heat in the microwave","use":"From the microwave's ding; the everyday word at home.","ja":"チンする","kana":"ちんする","politeJa":"チンします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, sanpun gurai chin shite.","ja":"これ、3分ぐらいチンして。","english":"Microwave this for about three minutes."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore o sanpun gurai chin shite kudasai.","ja":"これを3分ぐらいチンしてください。","english":"Please microwave this for about three minutes."},"freqRank":16537,"score":3,"notes":"The neutral way to say it is renji de atatameru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":901},{"id":"w-wakasu","romaji":"wakasu","polite":"wakashimasu","english":"boil (water); heat (the bath)","use":null,"ja":"沸かす","kana":"わかす","politeJa":"沸かします","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ocha ireru kara, oyu wakashite.","ja":"お茶入れるから、お湯沸かして。","english":"I'll make tea, so boil some water."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ocha o ireru node, oyu o wakashite kudasai.","ja":"お茶を入れるので、お湯を沸かしてください。","english":"I'll make tea, so please boil some water."},"freqRank":9628,"score":3,"notes":"Ofuro o wakasu = heat the bath. Water boiling by itself is waku: oyu ga waita.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":902},{"id":"w-yuderu","romaji":"yuderu","polite":"yudemasu","english":"boil (food)","use":"Cooking food in boiling water — pasta, eggs, vegetables.","ja":"茹でる","kana":"ゆでる","politeJa":"茹でます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"pasuta, juppun gurai yudete.","ja":"パスタ、10分ぐらい茹でて。","english":"Boil the pasta for about ten minutes."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"pasuta o juppun gurai yudete kudasai.","ja":"パスタを10分ぐらい茹でてください。","english":"Please boil the pasta for about ten minutes."},"freqRank":25651,"score":3,"notes":"Yudetamago = a boiled egg. Just heating water is wakasu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":903},{"id":"w-itameru","romaji":"itameru","polite":"itamemasu","english":"stir-fry; fry (in a pan)","use":null,"ja":"炒める","kana":"いためる","politeJa":"炒めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yasai to niku, issho ni itameru dake da yo.","ja":"野菜と肉、一緒に炒めるだけだよ。","english":"You just stir-fry the veg and meat together."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yasai to niku o issho ni itameru dake desu yo.","ja":"野菜と肉を一緒に炒めるだけですよ。","english":"You just stir-fry the vegetables and meat together."},"freqRank":8699,"score":3,"notes":"Itamemono = a stir-fry. Deep-frying is ageru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":904}],"stage":4,"range":"900-904","category":"Verbs: home and routine"},{"id":"v-talk-8","label":"Respectful say, know, eat","rationale":"Lets you hear and use the polite-speech words for saying, knowing and eating.","interference":"Ossharu and meshiagaru raise the other person; mousu and moushiageru lower yourself, so never swap them.","items":[{"id":"w-mousu","romaji":"mousu","polite":"moushimasu","english":"say; be called (humble)","use":"Heard almost only as moushimasu: giving your own name, or staff speaking to customers.","ja":"申す","kana":"もうす","politeJa":"申します","pos":"verb","flags":["humble","formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hajimemashite, tanaka to moushimasu.","ja":"はじめまして、田中と申します。","english":"Nice to meet you, I'm Tanaka."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":681,"score":4,"notes":"Never for what others say; for that, use ossharu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":905},{"id":"w-ossharu","romaji":"ossharu","polite":"osshaimasu","english":"say (honorific)","use":"For what a customer, boss or elder says; never for yourself.","ja":"おっしゃる","kana":"おっしゃる","politeJa":"おっしゃいます","pos":"verb","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shachou ga sou osshatta n da yo.","ja":"社長がそうおっしゃったんだよ。","english":"That's what the boss said."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shachou ga sou osshaimashita.","ja":"社長がそうおっしゃいました。","english":"That's what the boss said."},"freqRank":823,"score":3,"notes":"The polite form is irregular: osshaimasu. Ossharu toori desu = you're quite right.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":906},{"id":"w-gozonji","romaji":"gozonji","polite":"gozonji desu","english":"know (honorific)","use":"Asking a customer or superior whether they know something: gozonji desu ka?","ja":"ご存じ","kana":"ごぞんじ","politeJa":"ご存じです","pos":"expression","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono mise, gozonji desu ka?","ja":"この店、ご存じですか?","english":"Do you know this place?"},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":911,"score":3,"notes":"Your own knowing is humble: zonjimasen = I don't know. Gozonji no toori = as you know.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":907},{"id":"w-moushiageru","romaji":"moushiageru","polite":"moushiagemasu","english":"say, tell (very humble)","use":"Mostly in set business phrases: onegai moushiagemasu, owabi moushiagemasu.","ja":"申し上げる","kana":"もうしあげる","politeJa":"申し上げます","pos":"verb","flags":["humble","formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kongo tomo yoroshiku onegai moushiagemasu.","ja":"今後ともよろしくお願い申し上げます。","english":"We look forward to working with you going forward."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":1667,"score":3,"notes":"Heard in speeches, announcements and business email; mousu is the lighter version.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":908},{"id":"w-meshiagaru","romaji":"meshiagaru","polite":"meshiagarimasu","english":"eat; drink (honorific)","use":"Said of someone else's eating or drinking — a host to a guest, staff to a customer.","ja":"召し上がる","kana":"めしあがる","politeJa":"召し上がります","pos":"verb","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"douzo, atsui uchi ni meshiagatte kudasai.","ja":"どうぞ、熱いうちに召し上がってください。","english":"Please, eat it while it's hot."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":2306,"score":3,"notes":"Never for yourself: your own eating is itadaku or tabemasu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":909}],"stage":4,"range":"905-909","category":"Verbs: talking"},{"id":"v-social-8","label":"Caring for people","rationale":"Lets you look after people and things, and thank those who looked after you.","interference":"Daiji ni suru and taisetsu ni suru are near twins; sewa ni naru is receiving the care.","items":[{"id":"w-daiji-ni-suru","romaji":"daiji ni suru","polite":"daiji ni shimasu","english":"take good care of; treasure","use":"For things, people and health: 'Karada o daiji ni shite' (Look after yourself).","ja":"大事にする","kana":"だいじにする","politeJa":"大事にします","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"karada, daiji ni shite ne.","ja":"体、大事にしてね。","english":"Take care of yourself."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okarada o daiji ni shite kudasai ne.","ja":"お体を大事にしてくださいね。","english":"Please take care of yourself."},"freqRank":1469,"score":3,"notes":"'Odaiji ni' is the set phrase to someone who is ill: 'Get well soon'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":910},{"id":"w-taisetsu-ni-suru","romaji":"taisetsu ni suru","polite":"taisetsu ni shimasu","english":"cherish, value","use":"For people, gifts and memories you hold dear.","ja":"大切にする","kana":"たいせつにする","politeJa":"大切にします","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono purezento, zutto taisetsu ni suru ne.","ja":"このプレゼント、ずっと大切にするね。","english":"I'll treasure this present forever."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono purezento, zutto taisetsu ni shimasu.","ja":"このプレゼント、ずっと大切にします。","english":"I'll treasure this present forever."},"freqRank":1937,"score":3,"notes":"Nearly the same as daiji ni suru; taisetsu sounds a little warmer.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":911},{"id":"w-sewa-ni-naru","romaji":"sewa ni naru","polite":"osewa ni narimasu","english":"be looked after (by someone); owe someone","use":"Mostly as thanks, 'Osewa ni narimashita', when leaving a job, a host or a hospital.","ja":"世話になる","kana":"せわになる","politeJa":"お世話になります","pos":"expression","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"iroiro sewa ni natta ne, arigatou.","ja":"いろいろ世話になったね、ありがとう。","english":"Thanks for everything you've done for me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"iroiro osewa ni narimashita. arigatou gozaimashita.","ja":"いろいろお世話になりました。ありがとうございました。","english":"Thank you for everything you've done for me."},"freqRank":2817,"score":3,"notes":"'Osewa ni natte orimasu' opens work calls and emails, roughly 'Thanks for your continued support'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":912}],"stage":4,"range":"910-912","category":"Verbs: dealing with people"},{"id":"v-change-7","label":"Go out, burn, flow, leak","rationale":"Lets you describe lights going out, fire, and things flowing, leaking or slipping out.","interference":"Kieru (it goes out) vs kesu (turn it off); moreru (leak) vs nagareru (flow).","items":[{"id":"w-kieru","romaji":"kieru","polite":"kiemasu","english":"go out (light, fire); disappear; vanish","use":"Lights, fires and screens going off by themselves; also people or things vanishing.","ja":"消える","kana":"きえる","politeJa":"消えます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyuu ni denki ga kieta.","ja":"急に電気が消えた。","english":"The lights suddenly went out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyuu ni denki ga kiemashita.","ja":"急に電気が消えました。","english":"The lights suddenly went out."},"freqRank":561,"score":3,"notes":"Kesu is 'turn off, erase' (you do it): denki o kesu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":913},{"id":"w-moeru","romaji":"moeru","polite":"moemasu","english":"burn; be fired up","use":"Things catching or being on fire; also feeling fired up.","ja":"燃える","kana":"もえる","politeJa":"燃えます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"moeru gomi wa getsuyoubi da yo.","ja":"燃えるゴミは月曜日だよ。","english":"Burnable trash goes out on Mondays."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"moeru gomi wa getsuyoubi desu.","ja":"燃えるゴミは月曜日です。","english":"Burnable trash goes out on Mondays."},"freqRank":2158,"score":3,"notes":"Moyasu is 'burn it' (you do it). Moenai gomi = non-burnable trash.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":914},{"id":"w-nukeru","romaji":"nukeru","polite":"nukemasu","english":"come out (teeth, hair); slip out, leave (a meeting, group); go through","use":"Something coming loose or out, or a person leaving partway: a meeting, a club, a job.","ja":"抜ける","kana":"ぬける","politeJa":"抜けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, chotto nukeru ne.","ja":"ごめん、ちょっと抜けるね。","english":"Sorry, I'm going to slip out for a bit."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, chotto nukemasu.","ja":"すみません、ちょっと抜けます。","english":"Excuse me, I'll step out for a moment."},"freqRank":1270,"score":3,"notes":"Nuku is 'pull out, skip' (you do it): asagohan o nuku = skip breakfast.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":915},{"id":"w-nagareru","romaji":"nagareru","polite":"nagaremasu","english":"flow; be playing (music); fall through (plans)","use":"Water, tears and time flowing; music playing in a shop; plans that get called off.","ja":"流れる","kana":"ながれる","politeJa":"流れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mise de kono kyoku nagareteta.","ja":"店でこの曲流れてた。","english":"This song was playing in the shop."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mise de kono kyoku ga nagarete imashita.","ja":"店でこの曲が流れていました。","english":"This song was playing in the shop."},"freqRank":1417,"score":3,"notes":"Nagasu is 'let flow' (you do it): toire o nagasu = flush the toilet.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":916},{"id":"w-moreru","romaji":"moreru","polite":"moremasu","english":"leak; get out (secrets); be bursting (for the toilet)","use":"Water, gas, light or secrets getting out; 'moresou!' is 'I'm bursting!'","ja":"漏れる","kana":"もれる","politeJa":"漏れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tenjou kara mizu ga moreteru.","ja":"天井から水が漏れてる。","english":"Water's leaking from the ceiling."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tenjou kara mizu ga morete imasu.","ja":"天井から水が漏れています。","english":"Water is leaking from the ceiling."},"freqRank":2943,"score":3,"notes":"Morasu is 'let leak' (you do it): himitsu o morasu = leak a secret.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":917}],"stage":4,"range":"913-917","category":"Verbs: change, start and end"},{"id":"v-change-1","label":"Open, close, start, stop","rationale":"Lets you ask when places open and close, and start or stop things.","interference":"Aku and shimaru are what doors and shops do by themselves; you open or close them with akeru and shimeru.","items":[{"id":"w-aku","romaji":"aku","polite":"akimasu","english":"open (doors, shops); come open","use":"The door or shop opens by itself or is open; for 'I open it' use akeru.","ja":"開く","kana":"あく","politeJa":"開きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano mise, nanji ni aku?","ja":"あの店、何時に開く？","english":"What time does that shop open?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano mise wa nanji ni akimasu ka?","ja":"あの店は何時に開きますか？","english":"What time does that shop open?"},"freqRank":624,"score":4,"notes":"Same sound as aku 空く, be free: kono seki aite imasu ka? (is this seat free?). Read hiraku, the same kanji means open a book or hold an event.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":918},{"id":"w-shimaru","romaji":"shimaru","polite":"shimarimasu","english":"close; shut (doors, shops)","use":"The door or shop closes by itself or is closed; for 'I close it' use shimeru.","ja":"閉まる","kana":"しまる","politeJa":"閉まります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yuubinkyoku, mou shimatteru yo.","ja":"郵便局、もう閉まってるよ。","english":"The post office is already closed."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yuubinkyoku wa mou shimatte imasu yo.","ja":"郵便局はもう閉まっていますよ。","english":"The post office is already closed."},"freqRank":3722,"score":4,"notes":"Train announcements say 'doa ga shimarimasu' (the doors are closing). Opposite: aku.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":919},{"id":"w-sutaato-suru","romaji":"sutaato suru","polite":"sutaato shimasu","english":"start; begin","use":"Upbeat word for events, races, projects and new chapters; also the noun 'a start' (ii sutaato).","ja":"スタートする","kana":"スタートする","politeJa":"スタートします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"juuji ni sutaato suru kara, okurenaide ne.","ja":"10時にスタートするから、遅れないでね。","english":"It starts at ten, so don't be late."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"juuji ni sutaato shimasu node, okurenaide kudasai.","ja":"10時にスタートしますので、遅れないでください。","english":"It starts at ten, so please don't be late."},"freqRank":1898,"score":3,"notes":"Hajimaru (it starts) and hajimeru (start it) are the everyday native verbs.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":920},{"id":"w-sutoppu","romaji":"sutoppu","polite":null,"english":"stop; a halt","use":"Called out on its own to make someone stop; sutoppu suru for trains, work or supplies grinding to a halt.","ja":"ストップ","kana":"ストップ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sutoppu, sutoppu! ima no mou ikkai.","ja":"ストップ、ストップ！今のもう一回。","english":"Stop, stop! Do that bit again."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sutoppu shite kudasai. ima no o mou ikkai onegai shimasu.","ja":"ストップしてください。今のをもう一回お願いします。","english":"Please stop. Could you do that part again?"},"freqRank":2401,"score":3,"notes":"Tomaru (it stops) and tomeru (stop it) are the everyday native verbs.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":921}],"stage":4,"range":"918-921","category":"Verbs: change, start and end"},{"id":"v-change-4","label":"Break, dirty, fix","rationale":"Lets you say something broke, cracked, got dirty or went off, and that you fixed it.","interference":"Kowareru is for machines that stop working, wareru for glass and screens that crack.","items":[{"id":"w-kowareru","romaji":"kowareru","polite":"kowaremasu","english":"break; stop working; be broken","use":"Machines and objects breaking down by themselves.","ja":"壊れる","kana":"こわれる","politeJa":"壊れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eakon kowarechatta.","ja":"エアコン壊れちゃった。","english":"The AC's broken."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eakon ga kowarete shimaimashita.","ja":"エアコンが壊れてしまいました。","english":"The air conditioner has broken."},"freqRank":1363,"score":4,"notes":"Kowasu is 'break it' (you do it). For glass or a cracked screen, wareru is the word.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":922},{"id":"w-naosu-2","romaji":"naosu","polite":"naoshimasu","english":"fix; repair; correct","use":"Repairing things and correcting mistakes or habits; after a verb stem, -naosu means 'redo' (kakinaosu).","ja":"直す","kana":"なおす","politeJa":"直します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jitensha, jibun de naoshita.","ja":"自転車、自分で直した。","english":"I fixed my bike myself."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jitensha o jibun de naoshimashita.","ja":"自転車を自分で直しました。","english":"I fixed my bike myself."},"freqRank":1302,"score":4,"notes":"Naoru is 'be fixed, get better'. Same sound as naosu 治す, cure (an illness).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":923},{"id":"w-wareru","romaji":"wareru","polite":"waremasu","english":"crack; break; smash; split","use":"Glass, plates, screens and eggs cracking or smashing.","ja":"割れる","kana":"われる","politeJa":"割れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sumaho no gamen ga wareta.","ja":"スマホの画面が割れた。","english":"My phone screen cracked."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumaho no gamen ga waremashita.","ja":"スマホの画面が割れました。","english":"My phone screen cracked."},"freqRank":2847,"score":3,"notes":"Waru is 'break it' (you do it). A machine that stops working is kowareru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":924},{"id":"w-yogoreru","romaji":"yogoreru","polite":"yogoremasu","english":"get dirty; get stained","use":"Clothes, hands or rooms getting dirty; yogorete iru = is dirty.","ja":"汚れる","kana":"よごれる","politeJa":"汚れます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"fuku yogorechatta.","ja":"服汚れちゃった。","english":"I got my clothes dirty."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"fuku ga yogorete shimaimashita.","ja":"服が汚れてしまいました。","english":"My clothes got dirty."},"freqRank":2720,"score":3,"notes":"Yogosu is 'make it dirty' (you do it). The adjective 'dirty' is kitanai.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":925},{"id":"w-kusaru","romaji":"kusaru","polite":"kusarimasu","english":"go off; rot; go bad","use":"Mostly heard as kusatteru, 'it's gone off'.","ja":"腐る","kana":"くさる","politeJa":"腐ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono gyuunyuu, kusatteru kamo.","ja":"この牛乳、腐ってるかも。","english":"This milk might be off."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono gyuunyuu, kusatte iru kamo shiremasen.","ja":"この牛乳、腐っているかもしれません。","english":"This milk may have gone off."},"freqRank":2693,"score":3,"notes":"Said of a person, it means sulk or lose heart.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":926}],"stage":4,"range":"922-926","category":"Verbs: change, start and end"},{"id":"v-hands-6","label":"Left over and kept","rationale":"Lets you say what's left and leave things with someone for safekeeping.","interference":"Two mirror pairs: nokoru (be left) vs nokosu (leave it), and azukaru (keep it for someone) vs azukeru (leave it with someone).","items":[{"id":"w-nokoru","romaji":"nokoru","polite":"nokorimasu","english":"be left (over); remain; stay behind","use":"For food, money, time or people still there after the rest has gone.","ja":"残る","kana":"のこる","politeJa":"残ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"keeki, mada nokotteru?","ja":"ケーキ、まだ残ってる？","english":"Is there any cake left?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"keeki wa mada nokotte imasu ka?","ja":"ケーキはまだ残っていますか？","english":"Is there any cake left?"},"freqRank":382,"score":3,"notes":"Nokosu is 'leave it' (you do it). Kaisha ni nokoru = stay late at the office.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":927},{"id":"w-nokosu","romaji":"nokosu","polite":"nokoshimasu","english":"leave (food); leave behind; leave (a message)","use":"You leave some: food on the plate, a note, money for later.","ja":"残す","kana":"のこす","politeJa":"残します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, chotto nokoshichatta.","ja":"ごめん、ちょっと残しちゃった。","english":"Sorry, I couldn't finish it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, sukoshi nokoshite shimaimashita.","ja":"すみません、少し残してしまいました。","english":"Sorry, I left a little."},"freqRank":600,"score":3,"notes":"Nokoru is 'be left' (by itself). Messeeji o nokosu = leave a message.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":928},{"id":"w-azukaru","romaji":"azukaru","polite":"azukarimasu","english":"look after (for someone); keep; take charge of","use":"You hold something for someone: keys, bags, a pet, a child.","ja":"預かる","kana":"あずかる","politeJa":"預かります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kagi, azukattoku ne.","ja":"鍵、預かっとくね。","english":"I'll hold on to the keys."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kagi wa watashi ga azukatte okimasu ne.","ja":"鍵は私が預かっておきますね。","english":"I'll keep the keys for you."},"freqRank":959,"score":3,"notes":"Azukeru is the other side: you leave it with someone. Cashiers say 'sen'en oazukari shimasu' when taking your money.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":929},{"id":"w-azukeru","romaji":"azukeru","polite":"azukemasu","english":"leave (with someone); check (bags); deposit (money)","use":"Handing something over to be kept: a coat, luggage, a child, money at the bank.","ja":"預ける","kana":"あずける","politeJa":"預けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nimotsu, furonto ni azukeyou.","ja":"荷物、フロントに預けよう。","english":"Let's leave our bags at the front desk."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nimotsu o furonto ni azukemashou.","ja":"荷物をフロントに預けましょう。","english":"Let's leave our bags at the front desk."},"freqRank":1859,"score":3,"notes":"Azukaru is the other side, the person who keeps it.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":930}],"stage":4,"range":"927-930","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-hands-9","label":"Humble give and receive","rationale":"Lets you receive and give politely, the way staff and guests do.","interference":"Itadaku and sashiageru are humble; with friends, use morau and ageru.","items":[{"id":"w-itadaku","romaji":"itadaku","polite":"itadakimasu","english":"receive (humble); have, eat or drink (humble)","use":"Polite 'receive' from someone above you, and the modest way to say you'll eat or drink.","ja":"いただく","kana":"いただく","politeJa":"いただきます","pos":"verb","flags":["humble"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, enryo naku itadaku ne.","ja":"じゃあ、遠慮なくいただくね。","english":"Well, don't mind if I do."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dewa, enryo naku itadakimasu.","ja":"では、遠慮なくいただきます。","english":"Well then, I'll gladly accept."},"freqRank":493,"score":5,"notes":"'Itadakimasu' before a meal is the set phrase. After a te-form, -te itadaku is the politer -te morau, 'have someone do it'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":931},{"id":"w-uketoru","romaji":"uketoru","polite":"uketorimasu","english":"receive; accept; pick up (a parcel, tickets)","use":"Taking something handed or sent to you; a bit more formal than morau.","ja":"受け取る","kana":"うけとる","politeJa":"受け取ります","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chiketto, mou uketotta?","ja":"チケット、もう受け取った？","english":"Have you picked up the tickets yet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chiketto wa mou uketorimashita ka?","ja":"チケットはもう受け取りましたか？","english":"Have you received the tickets yet?"},"freqRank":963,"score":3,"notes":"Morau is the everyday 'get'; uketoru stresses taking it in hand: parcels, payments, gifts.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":932},{"id":"w-sashiageru","romaji":"sashiageru","polite":"sashiagemasu","english":"give (humble)","use":"The humble 'give' toward customers or superiors; mostly heard from shop staff.","ja":"差し上げる","kana":"さしあげる","politeJa":"差し上げます","pos":"verb","flags":["humble","formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nochihodo, kochira kara odenwa sashiagemasu.","ja":"後ほど、こちらからお電話差し上げます。","english":"We'll call you back later."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":2988,"score":3,"notes":"Ageru is the everyday 'give'. Said to a friend, sashiageru sounds stiff or joking.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":933}],"stage":4,"range":"931-933","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-hands-5","label":"Push, pull, throw, catch","rationale":"Lets you describe basic hand actions, from doors to balls to taxis.","interference":"Hiku also means catching a cold, but tsukamaeru is catching a person, animal or taxi.","items":[{"id":"w-osu","romaji":"osu","polite":"oshimasu","english":"push; press","use":null,"ja":"押す","kana":"おす","politeJa":"押します","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono botan osu dake da yo.","ja":"このボタン押すだけだよ。","english":"You just press this button."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono botan o osu dake desu yo.","ja":"このボタンを押すだけですよ。","english":"You just press this button."},"freqRank":1149,"score":4,"notes":"Opposite: hiku (pull). Jikan ga oshiteru = we're running behind.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":934},{"id":"w-hiku","romaji":"hiku","polite":"hikimasu","english":"pull; catch (a cold); look up (a word)","use":"Doors marked hiku mean PULL; kaze o hiku is the set way to say you caught a cold.","ja":"引く","kana":"ひく","politeJa":"引きます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaze hiichatta mitai.","ja":"風邪ひいちゃったみたい。","english":"I think I've caught a cold."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaze o hiite shimatta mitai desu.","ja":"風邪をひいてしまったみたいです。","english":"I seem to have caught a cold."},"freqRank":1039,"score":4,"notes":"Slang hiku is 'be put off': chotto hiita (that was a bit much). Same sound as hiku 弾く, play (piano, guitar).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":935},{"id":"w-nageru","romaji":"nageru","polite":"nagemasu","english":"throw; toss","use":null,"ja":"投げる","kana":"なげる","politeJa":"投げます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"booru, kotchi ni nagete!","ja":"ボール、こっちに投げて！","english":"Throw the ball over here!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"booru o kotchi ni nagete kudasai.","ja":"ボールをこっちに投げてください。","english":"Please throw the ball over here."},"freqRank":2276,"score":3,"notes":"'Throw away' is suteru. Nagedasu = give up, throw in the towel.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":936},{"id":"w-tsukamaeru","romaji":"tsukamaeru","polite":"tsukamaemasu","english":"catch (a person, animal); grab; flag down (a taxi)","use":"Catching something that moves: a thief, a bug, a taxi, a busy person.","ja":"捕まえる","kana":"つかまえる","politeJa":"捕まえます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"takushii tsukamaete kuru ne.","ja":"タクシー捕まえてくるね。","english":"I'll go grab a taxi."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"takushii o tsukamaete kimasu ne.","ja":"タクシーを捕まえてきますね。","english":"I'll go and get a taxi."},"freqRank":1348,"score":3,"notes":"Tsukamaru is 'be caught' or 'hold on'; tsukamu is 'grip, grab'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":937}],"stage":4,"range":"934-937","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-hands-7","label":"Phones and services","rationale":"Lets you use services, connect devices, swap contacts and post online.","interference":"Riyou suru is the formal 'use'; everyday talk uses tsukau.","items":[{"id":"w-riyou-suru","romaji":"riyou suru","polite":"riyou shimasu","english":"use (a service, place or system)","use":"Using trains, gyms, apps or cards; signs and staff say goriyou.","ja":"利用する","kana":"りようする","politeJa":"利用します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kaado, konbini de mo riyou dekiru yo.","ja":"このカード、コンビニでも利用できるよ。","english":"You can use this card at convenience stores too."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kaado wa konbini de mo riyou dekimasu.","ja":"このカードはコンビニでも利用できます。","english":"This card can be used at convenience stores too."},"freqRank":987,"score":3,"notes":"Tsukau is the everyday 'use'; riyou sounds like services and signs. Of a person, it means use or exploit them.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":938},{"id":"w-tsunagu","romaji":"tsunagu","polite":"tsunagimasu","english":"connect; plug in; hold (hands)","use":"Connecting cables or devices, putting a call through, and te o tsunagu (hold hands).","ja":"つなぐ","kana":"つなぐ","politeJa":"つなぎます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, doko ni tsunagu no?","ja":"これ、どこにつなぐの？","english":"Where does this plug in?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa doko ni tsunagu n desu ka?","ja":"これはどこにつなぐんですか？","english":"Where does this connect?"},"freqRank":1886,"score":3,"notes":"Tsunagaru is 'be connected': waifai ga tsunagaranai (the wifi won't connect).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":939},{"id":"w-koukan-suru","romaji":"koukan suru","polite":"koukan shimasu","english":"exchange; swap; replace","use":"Swapping contacts or gifts, or getting a faulty item replaced.","ja":"交換する","kana":"こうかんする","politeJa":"交換します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"rain koukan shiyou yo.","ja":"ライン交換しようよ。","english":"Let's swap LINE."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"rain o koukan shimasen ka?","ja":"ラインを交換しませんか？","english":"Shall we exchange LINE?"},"freqRank":2139,"score":3,"notes":"Torikaeru is the native verb for swap or replace.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":true,"n":940},{"id":"w-appu-suru","romaji":"appu suru","polite":"appu shimasu","english":"post, upload (online); go up, raise","use":"Casual; posting photos or videos online, or pay, prices or level going up.","ja":"アップする","kana":"アップする","politeJa":"アップします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou no shashin, insuta ni appu shita yo.","ja":"昨日の写真、インスタにアップしたよ。","english":"I posted yesterday's photos on Insta."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou no shashin o insuta ni appu shimashita.","ja":"昨日の写真をインスタにアップしました。","english":"I posted yesterday's photos on Instagram."},"freqRank":2274,"score":3,"notes":"As a suffix it means a rise: kyuuryou appu (pay rise), reberu appu. Opposite: daun.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":941}],"stage":4,"range":"938-941","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-hands-8","label":"Gather, sort, pack","rationale":"Lets you collect things or people, split them up, lay them out and pack them.","interference":"Wakeru (divide) sounds like wakaru (understand); atsumeru (gather them) vs atsumaru (they gather).","items":[{"id":"w-atsumeru","romaji":"atsumeru","polite":"atsumemasu","english":"collect; gather","use":"Gathering people or things, or collecting as a hobby.","ja":"集める","kana":"あつめる","politeJa":"集めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, kitte atsumeteta.","ja":"子供の頃、切手集めてた。","english":"I used to collect stamps as a kid."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo no koro, kitte o atsumete imashita.","ja":"子供の頃、切手を集めていました。","english":"I collected stamps when I was a child."},"freqRank":984,"score":3,"notes":"Atsumaru is 'gather, meet up' (people come together).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":942},{"id":"w-sorou","romaji":"sorou","polite":"soroimasu","english":"be all there; be complete; match","use":"Mostly for people or things all being present: zen'in sorotta (everyone's here).","ja":"そろう","kana":"そろう","politeJa":"そろいます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zen'in sorotta? jaa, hajimeyou.","ja":"全員そろった？じゃあ、始めよう。","english":"Everyone here? Okay, let's start."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"zen'in soroimashita ka? dewa, hajimemashou.","ja":"全員そろいましたか？では、始めましょう。","english":"Is everyone here? Then let's begin."},"freqRank":2213,"score":3,"notes":"Soroeru is 'get together, make match' (you do it): saizu o soroeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":943},{"id":"w-wakeru","romaji":"wakeru","polite":"wakemasu","english":"divide; split; share; sort","use":"Splitting food or a bill, sharing things out, or sorting rubbish.","ja":"分ける","kana":"わける","politeJa":"分けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, hanbun ni wakeyou.","ja":"これ、半分に分けよう。","english":"Let's split this in half."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore o hanbun ni wakemashou.","ja":"これを半分に分けましょう。","english":"Let's split this in half."},"freqRank":1971,"score":3,"notes":"Don't mix with wakaru (understand). Wakareru = split up, part.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":944},{"id":"w-naraberu","romaji":"naraberu","polite":"narabemasu","english":"line up; lay out; set out","use":"Putting things in a row or setting them out: plates, goods, chairs.","ja":"並べる","kana":"ならべる","politeJa":"並べます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"osara, teeburu ni narabete.","ja":"お皿、テーブルに並べて。","english":"Put the plates out on the table."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"osara o teeburu ni narabete kudasai.","ja":"お皿をテーブルに並べてください。","english":"Please set the plates out on the table."},"freqRank":2984,"score":3,"notes":"Narabu is 'line up, queue' (people do it): retsu ni narabu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":945},{"id":"w-tsumeru","romaji":"tsumeru","polite":"tsumemasu","english":"pack; stuff; fill; move up (make room)","use":"Packing a box or bag full; 'tsumete' asks people to squeeze up.","ja":"詰める","kana":"つめる","politeJa":"詰めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto tsumete moraeru?","ja":"ちょっと詰めてもらえる？","english":"Could you scoot over a bit?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, sukoshi tsumete itadakemasu ka?","ja":"すみません、少し詰めていただけますか？","english":"Excuse me, could you move over a little?"},"freqRank":2995,"score":3,"notes":"Tsumaru is 'be blocked, be packed': hana ga tsumaru (stuffy nose). Obentou ni tsumeru = pack a lunch box.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":946}],"stage":4,"range":"942-946","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-hands-3","label":"Paying the bill","rationale":"Lets you pay, order more and check what a price includes.","interference":"Harau and shiharau both mean pay; shiharau is the formal one you hear from staff.","items":[{"id":"w-harau","romaji":"harau","polite":"haraimasu","english":"pay","use":"Kaado de harau = pay by card; betsubetsu ni harau = pay separately.","ja":"払う","kana":"はらう","politeJa":"払います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko wa watashi ga harau yo.","ja":"ここは私が払うよ。","english":"I'll get this."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa watashi ga haraimasu.","ja":"ここは私が払います。","english":"I'll pay for this."},"freqRank":760,"score":4,"notes":"Shiharau is the more formal 'pay', used for bills and at checkouts.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":947},{"id":"w-shiharau","romaji":"shiharau","polite":"shiharaimasu","english":"pay (a bill, fee)","use":"More formal than harau: bills, fees and checkout talk.","ja":"支払う","kana":"しはらう","politeJa":"支払います","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konbini de shiharaeru yo.","ja":"コンビニで支払えるよ。","english":"You can pay at a convenience store."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konbini de shiharaemasu yo.","ja":"コンビニで支払えますよ。","english":"You can pay at a convenience store."},"freqRank":2842,"score":3,"notes":"Cashiers ask 'oshiharai wa?' (how will you pay?). In casual talk harau is more common.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":948},{"id":"w-tsuika-suru","romaji":"tsuika suru","polite":"tsuika shimasu","english":"add; order more","use":"Adding to a list, an order or a group.","ja":"追加する","kana":"ついかする","politeJa":"追加します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"biiru tsuika shiyou ka?","ja":"ビール追加しようか？","english":"Shall we order more beer?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"biiru o tsuika shimashou ka?","ja":"ビールを追加しましょうか？","english":"Shall we order more beer?"},"freqRank":2455,"score":3,"notes":"To a waiter: 'X tsuika de onegai shimasu' (another X, please). Tsuika ryoukin = extra charge.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":949},{"id":"w-fukumeru","romaji":"fukumeru","polite":"fukumemasu","english":"include; count in","use":"Mostly as 'X o fukumete', including X.","ja":"含める","kana":"ふくめる","politeJa":"含めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"watashi o fukumete gonin da yo.","ja":"私を含めて五人だよ。","english":"There are five of us, including me."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"watashi o fukumete gonin desu.","ja":"私を含めて五人です。","english":"There are five of us, including me."},"freqRank":2073,"score":3,"notes":"For prices, zeikomi (tax included) is the usual word.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":950}],"stage":4,"range":"947-950","category":"Verbs: handling things"},{"id":"v-effort-9","label":"Polite do and handle","rationale":"Lets you follow shop and office talk about who will do or handle something.","interference":"itasu lowers your own action and nasaru raises the other person's; swapping them is a real blunder.","items":[{"id":"w-itasu","romaji":"itasu","polite":"itashimasu","english":"do (humble)","use":"Humble suru for your own actions, almost always as itashimasu in shops and business.","ja":"いたす","kana":"いたす","politeJa":"いたします","pos":"verb","flags":["humble"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kochira de kakunin itashimasu.","ja":"こちらで確認いたします。","english":"We'll check that for you."},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":586,"score":4,"notes":"Set lines: shitsurei itashimasu, yoroshiku onegai itashimasu. Never for what the listener does.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":951},{"id":"w-nasaru","romaji":"nasaru","polite":"nasaimasu","english":"do (respectful)","use":"Respectful suru for what the listener or a superior does.","ja":"なさる","kana":"なさる","politeJa":"なさいます","pos":"verb","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okyakusama, onomimono wa dou nasaimasu ka?","ja":"お客様、お飲み物はどうなさいますか？","english":"And what would you like to drink?"},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":796,"score":3,"notes":"The masu form is irregular: nasaimasu. Never about yourself; that's itasu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":952},{"id":"w-taiou-suru","romaji":"taiou suru","polite":"taiou shimasu","english":"deal with; handle; respond to","use":"Handling a customer, problem or situation; common at work and in shops.","ja":"対応する","kana":"たいおうする","politeJa":"対応します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, dare ga taiou suru?","ja":"これ、誰が対応する？","english":"Who's going to handle this?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa dare ga taiou shimasu ka?","ja":"これは誰が対応しますか？","english":"Who will handle this?"},"freqRank":1732,"score":3,"notes":"taiou ga hayai: quick to respond. Also 'supports': eigo taiou (English available).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":953}],"stage":4,"range":"951-953","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"v-effort-8","label":"Getting work done","rationale":"Lets you push a job forward, sort out a problem, wrap things up and take on tasks.","interference":"susumeru (go ahead with) sounds the same as susumeru (recommend).","items":[{"id":"w-susumeru","romaji":"susumeru","polite":"susumemasu","english":"go ahead with; move forward","use":"Pushing a plan, job or talks forward: shigoto o susumeru.","ja":"進める","kana":"すすめる","politeJa":"進めます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, kono mama susumeyou.","ja":"じゃあ、このまま進めよう。","english":"OK, let's carry on as we are."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dewa, kono mama susumemashou.","ja":"では、このまま進めましょう。","english":"Well then, let's carry on as we are."},"freqRank":1029,"score":3,"notes":"Sounds the same as susumeru 'recommend' (勧める). susumu is 'it moves forward'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":954},{"id":"w-kaiketsu-suru","romaji":"kaiketsu suru","polite":"kaiketsu shimasu","english":"solve; be solved; settle","use":"Works both ways: mondai o kaiketsu suru (solve it), mondai ga kaiketsu suru (it gets solved).","ja":"解決する","kana":"かいけつする","politeJa":"解決します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mondai wa mou kaiketsu shita yo.","ja":"問題はもう解決したよ。","english":"The problem's already sorted."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mondai wa mou kaiketsu shimashita.","ja":"問題はもう解決しました。","english":"The problem has already been solved."},"freqRank":1134,"score":3,"notes":"sore ja kaiketsu ni naranai: that doesn't solve anything.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":955},{"id":"w-matomeru","romaji":"matomeru","polite":"matomemasu","english":"put together; sum up; organise","use":"Gathering things into one: notes, luggage, a group, an idea.","ja":"まとめる","kana":"まとめる","politeJa":"まとめます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nimotsu, mou zenbu matometa?","ja":"荷物、もう全部まとめた？","english":"Have you packed up all your things?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nimotsu wa mou zenbu matomemashita ka?","ja":"荷物はもう全部まとめましたか？","english":"Have you packed up all your things?"},"freqRank":1250,"score":3,"notes":"hanashi o matomeru: wrap up a discussion. Noun: matome (summary).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":956},{"id":"w-hikiukeru","romaji":"hikiukeru","polite":"hikiukemasu","english":"take on; accept (a job or request)","use":"Agreeing to take responsibility for a job or a favour.","ja":"引き受ける","kana":"ひきうける","politeJa":"引き受けます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ii yo, sono shigoto hikiukeru yo.","ja":"いいよ、その仕事引き受けるよ。","english":"Sure, I'll take that job on."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"wakarimashita, sono shigoto o hikiukemasu.","ja":"分かりました、その仕事を引き受けます。","english":"Understood, I'll take that job on."},"freqRank":1691,"score":3,"notes":"Polite set form: ohikiuke shimasu. To turn it down: kotowaru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":957}],"stage":4,"range":"954-957","category":"Verbs: effort and results"},{"id":"n-people-11","label":"Customers and crowds","rationale":"Lets you talk about customers, a crowd, or the person in question.","interference":"kyaku alone sounds blunt; okyakusan is the everyday form.","items":[{"id":"w-okyakusan","romaji":"okyakusan","polite":null,"english":"customer; guest; visitor","use":"The everyday polite way to say kyaku; used by staff and hosts alike.","ja":"お客さん","kana":"おきゃくさん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa okyakusan ooi ne.","ja":"今日はお客さん多いね。","english":"Lots of customers today, huh."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa okyakusan ga ooi desu ne.","ja":"今日はお客さんが多いですね。","english":"There are a lot of customers today."},"freqRank":896,"score":4,"notes":"Shop staff say okyakusama to customers' faces.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":958},{"id":"w-kyaku","romaji":"kyaku","polite":null,"english":"customer; guest","use":"The plain form; sounds blunt on its own, so say okyakusan when customers can hear.","ja":"客","kana":"きゃく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano mise, kyaku zenzen inakatta yo.","ja":"あの店、客全然いなかったよ。","english":"That place had no customers at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano mise wa kyaku ga zenzen imasen deshita.","ja":"あの店は客が全然いませんでした。","english":"That shop had no customers at all."},"freqRank":1057,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":959},{"id":"w-honnin","romaji":"honnin","polite":null,"english":"the person themselves; the person in question","use":"Points to the person being talked about, as opposed to others speaking for them.","ja":"本人","kana":"ほんにん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"honnin ni kiite yo.","ja":"本人に聞いてよ。","english":"Just ask them directly."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gohonnin ni kiite kudasai.","ja":"ご本人に聞いてください。","english":"Please ask the person directly."},"freqRank":833,"score":3,"notes":"Add go- (gohonnin) when speaking politely about someone else.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":960},{"id":"w-oozei","romaji":"oozei","polite":null,"english":"lots of people; a crowd","use":"Only for people, never things; often oozei no hito.","ja":"大勢","kana":"おおぜい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, oozei kite taihen datta.","ja":"昨日、大勢来て大変だった。","english":"Tons of people came yesterday, it was crazy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou wa oozei kite taihen deshita.","ja":"昨日は大勢来て大変でした。","english":"Lots of people came yesterday, so it was hectic."},"freqRank":1946,"score":3,"notes":"Mix-up: takusan works for anything; oozei is people only.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":961}],"stage":4,"range":"958-961","category":"People"},{"id":"n-people-14","label":"Titles at work","rationale":"Job titles that also work as names to call someone by.","interference":"buchou ranks above kachou; mixing them up is awkward.","items":[{"id":"w-shachou","romaji":"shachou","polite":null,"english":"company president; head of a company","use":"Also used like a name to address the president directly.","ja":"社長","kana":"しゃちょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shachou mou kaetta?","ja":"社長もう帰った？","english":"Has the boss gone home already?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shachou wa mou kaerimashita ka?","ja":"社長はもう帰りましたか？","english":"Has the president gone home already?"},"freqRank":915,"score":3,"notes":"Owners of small businesses are called shachou too.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":962},{"id":"w-buchou","romaji":"buchou","polite":null,"english":"department head; head of a school club","use":"Used like a name to address them, and for the head of a school club.","ja":"部長","kana":"ぶちょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"buchou ga yonderu yo.","ja":"部長が呼んでるよ。","english":"The manager wants you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"buchou ga yonde imasu yo.","ja":"部長が呼んでいますよ。","english":"The department head is asking for you."},"freqRank":1883,"score":3,"notes":"Sits above kachou and below shachou.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":963},{"id":"w-tenchou","romaji":"tenchou","polite":null,"english":"store manager","use":"Used like a name to address the manager at shops and restaurants.","ja":"店長","kana":"てんちょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tenchou ni kiite kuru ne.","ja":"店長に聞いてくるね。","english":"I'll go ask the manager."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tenchou ni kiite kimasu.","ja":"店長に聞いてきます。","english":"I'll go and ask the manager."},"freqRank":2609,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":964},{"id":"w-kachou","romaji":"kachou","polite":null,"english":"section chief; manager","use":"A mid-level manager; also used like a name to address them.","ja":"課長","kana":"かちょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kachou, kyou yasumi datte.","ja":"課長、今日休みだって。","english":"Apparently the section chief is off today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kachou wa kyou yasumi da sou desu.","ja":"課長は今日休みだそうです。","english":"I hear the section chief is off today."},"freqRank":2824,"score":3,"notes":"Ranks below buchou.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":965},{"id":"w-kantoku","romaji":"kantoku","polite":null,"english":"film director; team manager or coach","use":"Also used like a name to address the director or coach.","ja":"監督","kana":"かんとく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano eiga no kantoku, dare dattakke?","ja":"あの映画の監督、誰だったっけ？","english":"Who directed that movie again?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano eiga no kantoku wa dare deshitakke?","ja":"あの映画の監督は誰でしたっけ？","english":"Who was the director of that movie again?"},"freqRank":2855,"score":3,"notes":"As kantoku suru it means to supervise.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":966}],"stage":4,"range":"962-966","category":"People"},{"id":"n-life-1","label":"Life, light, boats, visits","rationale":"Four common words for life, light, travel by boat and going to see someone.","interference":"Tazuneru (visit) sounds the same as tazuneru (ask).","items":[{"id":"w-inochi","romaji":"inochi","polite":null,"english":"life (being alive)","use":"Life as something that can be lost or saved, not life as in daily living.","ja":"命","kana":"いのち","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono hito wa watashi no inochi no onjin da yo.","ja":"この人は私の命の恩人だよ。","english":"This person saved my life."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kata wa watashi no inochi no onjin desu.","ja":"この方は私の命の恩人です。","english":"This person saved my life."},"freqRank":664,"score":4,"notes":"Daily life is seikatsu; your life story or lifetime is jinsei.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":967},{"id":"w-hikari","romaji":"hikari","polite":null,"english":"light","use":"Light you can see, like sunlight or a glow; also hope, figuratively.","ja":"光","kana":"ひかり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mado kara hikari ga haitte kuru ne.","ja":"窓から光が入ってくるね。","english":"Nice light comes in through the window."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mado kara hikari ga haitte kimasu ne.","ja":"窓から光が入ってきますね。","english":"Nice light comes in through the window."},"freqRank":1633,"score":4,"notes":"A light you switch on is denki or akari, not hikari. The verb is hikaru (to shine).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":968},{"id":"w-tazuneru","romaji":"tazuneru","polite":"tazunemasu","english":"visit (a person or place)","use":"Going to see someone or somewhere on purpose; a bit more formal than ... ni iku.","ja":"訪ねる","kana":"たずねる","politeJa":"訪ねます","pos":"verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, mukashi no sensei o tazuneta n da.","ja":"昨日、昔の先生を訪ねたんだ。","english":"Yesterday I went to see my old teacher."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou, mukashi no sensei o tazunemashita.","ja":"昨日、昔の先生を訪ねました。","english":"Yesterday I went to see my old teacher."},"freqRank":2045,"score":4,"notes":"Sounds the same as tazuneru, 'to ask'. In chat people often just say ... ni asobi ni iku.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":969},{"id":"w-fune","romaji":"fune","polite":null,"english":"boat; ship","use":null,"ja":"船","kana":"ふね","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shima made fune de ikou yo.","ja":"島まで船で行こうよ。","english":"Let's take the boat to the island."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shima made fune de ikimashou.","ja":"島まで船で行きましょう。","english":"Let's take the boat to the island."},"freqRank":2492,"score":4,"notes":"By boat is fune de; to board is fune ni noru. A ferry is feerii, a small boat booto.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":970}],"stage":4,"range":"967-970","category":"Life and time"},{"id":"n-mind-5","label":"Talent and skill","rationale":"Lets you praise or judge what someone can do.","interference":"All three translate as 'ability': sainou is inborn, jitsuryoku is proven, nouryoku is general.","items":[{"id":"w-sainou","romaji":"sainou","polite":null,"english":"talent; gift","use":"A natural gift: ~ no sainou ga aru (have a talent for ~).","ja":"才能","kana":"さいのう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"e no sainou aru yo ne","ja":"絵の才能あるよね","english":"You've really got a talent for drawing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"e no sainou ga arimasu ne","ja":"絵の才能がありますね","english":"You have a real talent for drawing."},"freqRank":1611,"score":3,"notes":"Sainou is inborn; jitsuryoku is proven skill; nouryoku is ability in general.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":971},{"id":"w-nouryoku","romaji":"nouryoku","polite":null,"english":"ability; capability","use":"Ability in general, often for work or study; in dramas also superpowers.","ja":"能力","kana":"のうりょく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare wa nouryoku wa takai kedo, yaru ki ga nai","ja":"彼は能力は高いけど、やる気がない","english":"He's very capable, but he's got no drive."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa nouryoku wa takai desu ga, yaru ki ga arimasen","ja":"彼は能力は高いですが、やる気がありません","english":"He's very capable, but he has no drive."},"freqRank":2123,"score":3,"notes":"Chounouryoku = supernatural powers. Day to day, 'can do' is just dekiru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":972},{"id":"w-jitsuryoku","romaji":"jitsuryoku","polite":null,"english":"real ability; actual skill","use":"The skill you actually show, in contests or at work; often set against luck.","ja":"実力","kana":"じつりょく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"un ja nakute jitsuryoku da yo","ja":"運じゃなくて実力だよ","english":"That wasn't luck, that was skill."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"un de wa naku jitsuryoku desu yo","ja":"運ではなく実力ですよ","english":"That wasn't luck, that was real skill."},"freqRank":2983,"score":3,"notes":"Jitsuryoku o dasu = perform at your true level.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":973}],"stage":4,"range":"971-973","category":"Mind and feelings"},{"id":"n-abstract-3","label":"Situations and ways","rationale":"Lets you talk about what's going on, how things stand, and what to do if.","interference":"Joukyou (situation) and joutai (condition) sound alike.","items":[{"id":"w-baai","romaji":"baai","polite":null,"english":"case; if; when","use":"After a verb or noun to mean 'in case of' or 'if': okureru baai wa (if you'll be late).","ja":"場合","kana":"ばあい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okureru baai wa renraku shite ne","ja":"遅れる場合は連絡してね","english":"If you're going to be late, let me know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okureru baai wa renraku shite kudasai","ja":"遅れる場合は連絡してください","english":"If you're going to be late, please let us know."},"freqRank":530,"score":3,"notes":"Sonna koto itteru baai ja nai = this is no time to be saying that.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":974},{"id":"w-joukyou","romaji":"joukyou","polite":null,"english":"situation; how things stand","use":"The overall situation or what's going on: ima no joukyou (the current situation).","ja":"状況","kana":"じょうきょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima dou iu joukyou na no?","ja":"今どういう状況なの?","english":"So what's going on right now?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima dou iu joukyou desu ka?","ja":"今どういう状況ですか?","english":"What's the situation right now?"},"freqRank":640,"score":3,"notes":"Joutai is the condition of one person or thing; joukyou is the wider picture.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":975},{"id":"w-houhou","romaji":"houhou","polite":null,"english":"way; method; means","use":"A way to get something done: ~ houhou ga nai (there's no way to ~), ii houhou (a good way).","ja":"方法","kana":"ほうほう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hoka ni houhou wa nai no?","ja":"他に方法はないの?","english":"Isn't there any other way?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hoka ni houhou wa arimasen ka?","ja":"他に方法はありませんか?","english":"Is there no other way?"},"freqRank":826,"score":3,"notes":"Yarikata is the casual 'way of doing it'. Shikata ga nai = it can't be helped.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":976},{"id":"w-joutai","romaji":"joutai","polite":null,"english":"condition; state","use":"How a person or thing is doing: kanja no joutai (the patient's condition), kuruma no joutai.","ja":"状態","kana":"じょうたい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konna joutai de shigoto nante muri da yo","ja":"こんな状態で仕事なんて無理だよ","english":"There's no way I can work in this state."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konna joutai de shigoto wa muri desu","ja":"こんな状態で仕事は無理です","english":"I can't work in this condition."},"freqRank":868,"score":3,"notes":"Sounds close to joukyou (situation); joutai is about how one thing is doing.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":977}],"stage":4,"range":"974-977","category":"Reasons and situations"},{"id":"n-places-9","label":"Where you live","rationale":"Lets you say where you live and where you're from.","interference":"Katei is the household, not the building (ie or uchi).","items":[{"id":"w-inaka","romaji":"inaka","polite":null,"english":"the countryside; (rural) hometown","use":"Inaka ni kaeru means going back to your family's home region.","ja":"田舎","kana":"いなか","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oshougatsu wa inaka ni kaeru yo.","ja":"お正月は田舎に帰るよ。","english":"I'm going back home to the country for New Year."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"oshougatsu wa inaka ni kaerimasu.","ja":"お正月は田舎に帰ります。","english":"I'm going back home to the country for New Year."},"freqRank":2490,"score":4,"notes":"Calling a place inaka can sound mildly dismissive, like 'the sticks'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":978},{"id":"w-juusho","romaji":"juusho","polite":null,"english":"address (where you live)","use":null,"ja":"住所","kana":"じゅうしょ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"juusho, ato de okutte ne.","ja":"住所、あとで送ってね。","english":"Send me your address later, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"juusho o ato de okutte kudasai.","ja":"住所をあとで送ってください。","english":"Please send me your address later."},"freqRank":2079,"score":3,"notes":"Not for email: an email address is a meeru adoresu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":979},{"id":"w-apaato","romaji":"apaato","polite":null,"english":"apartment; flat (in a low-rise block)","use":null,"ja":"アパート","kana":"アパート","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima eki no chikaku no apaato ni sunderu.","ja":"今、駅の近くのアパートに住んでる。","english":"I'm living in a flat near the station now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima eki no chikaku no apaato ni sunde imasu.","ja":"今、駅の近くのアパートに住んでいます。","english":"I'm living in a flat near the station now."},"freqRank":2457,"score":3,"notes":"A newer, sturdier block of flats is a manshon, which doesn't mean mansion.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":980},{"id":"w-katei","romaji":"katei","polite":null,"english":"home; household; family","use":"Home as a family unit, not the building (that's ie or uchi).","ja":"家庭","kana":"かてい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, katei no jijou de yameta rashii yo.","ja":"彼、家庭の事情で辞めたらしいよ。","english":"Apparently he quit for family reasons."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa katei no jijou de yameta sou desu.","ja":"彼は家庭の事情で辞めたそうです。","english":"I hear he quit for family reasons."},"freqRank":1719,"score":3,"notes":"Kateiteki (homely, good at home life) is a compliment.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":981}],"stage":4,"range":"978-981","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-places-10","label":"Buildings and institutions","rationale":"Lets you point out buildings, the stairs inside, and places like kindergartens and care homes.","interference":"Biru is a building, never a bill to pay.","items":[{"id":"w-youchien","romaji":"youchien","polite":null,"english":"kindergarten (ages 3 to 6)","use":null,"ja":"幼稚園","kana":"ようちえん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"musume, rainen kara youchien da yo.","ja":"娘、来年から幼稚園だよ。","english":"My daughter starts kindergarten next year."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"musume wa rainen kara youchien desu.","ja":"娘は来年から幼稚園です。","english":"My daughter starts kindergarten next year."},"freqRank":4197,"score":4,"notes":"Daycare for younger children or working parents is hoikuen.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":982},{"id":"w-biru","romaji":"biru","polite":null,"english":"building (multi-storey)","use":"A modern block of offices or shops, not a house; tatemono is the general word.","ja":"ビル","kana":"ビル","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano biru no sangai ni aru yo.","ja":"あのビルの三階にあるよ。","english":"It's on the third floor of that building."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano biru no sangai ni arimasu.","ja":"あのビルの三階にあります。","english":"It's on the third floor of that building."},"freqRank":2365,"score":3,"notes":"Not 'bill': the bill at a restaurant is okaikei.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":983},{"id":"w-kaidan","romaji":"kaidan","polite":null,"english":"stairs; staircase","use":null,"ja":"階段","kana":"かいだん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"erebeetaa konderu kara, kaidan de ikou.","ja":"エレベーター混んでるから、階段で行こう。","english":"The lift's packed, so let's take the stairs."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"erebeetaa ga konde iru node, kaidan de ikimashou.","ja":"エレベーターが混んでいるので、階段で行きましょう。","english":"The lift is crowded, so let's take the stairs."},"freqRank":2395,"score":3,"notes":"Go up = kaidan o noboru; go down = kaidan o oriru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":984},{"id":"w-shisetsu","romaji":"shisetsu","polite":null,"english":"facility; institution (care home, children's home)","use":"Shisetsu ni hairu usually means moving into a care home.","ja":"施設","kana":"しせつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"obaachan, kyonen kara shisetsu ni haitteru n da.","ja":"おばあちゃん、去年から施設に入ってるんだ。","english":"My grandma's been in a care home since last year."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sobo wa kyonen kara shisetsu ni haitte imasu.","ja":"祖母は去年から施設に入っています。","english":"My grandmother has been in a care home since last year."},"freqRank":2581,"score":3,"notes":"In dramas it often means the children's home someone grew up in.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":985}],"stage":4,"range":"982-985","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-places-8","label":"Meeting points","rationale":"Lets you arrange where to meet.","interference":"Iriguchi (entrance) is easy to swap with deguchi (exit).","items":[{"id":"w-iriguchi","romaji":"iriguchi","polite":null,"english":"entrance; way in","use":null,"ja":"入り口","kana":"いりぐち","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"iriguchi no mae de matteru ne.","ja":"入り口の前で待ってるね。","english":"I'll wait outside the entrance."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"iriguchi no mae de matte imasu ne.","ja":"入り口の前で待っていますね。","english":"I'll wait outside the entrance."},"freqRank":3368,"score":4,"notes":"The opposite is deguchi, exit. A home's front entrance is the genkan.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":986},{"id":"w-ekimae","romaji":"ekimae","polite":null,"english":"in front of the station; the station area","use":"The shops and square outside a station, the standard place to meet.","ja":"駅前","kana":"えきまえ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jaa, rokuji ni ekimae de ii?","ja":"じゃあ、六時に駅前でいい?","english":"So, six o'clock outside the station, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jaa, rokuji ni ekimae de ii desu ka?","ja":"じゃあ、六時に駅前でいいですか?","english":"So, is six o'clock outside the station okay?"},"freqRank":3634,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":987},{"id":"w-chuushajou","romaji":"chuushajou","polite":null,"english":"car park; parking lot","use":null,"ja":"駐車場","kana":"ちゅうしゃじょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chuushajou, doko ni aru ka wakaru?","ja":"駐車場、どこにあるかわかる?","english":"Do you know where the car park is?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chuushajou wa doko ni aru ka wakarimasu ka?","ja":"駐車場はどこにあるかわかりますか?","english":"Do you know where the car park is?"},"freqRank":4816,"score":4,"notes":"Bike parking is chuurinjou.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":988},{"id":"w-kaijou","romaji":"kaijou","polite":null,"english":"venue; event hall","use":"Where an event happens: a concert, wedding, exam or party.","ja":"会場","kana":"かいじょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaijou made dore gurai kakaru?","ja":"会場までどれぐらいかかる?","english":"How long does it take to get to the venue?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaijou made dore gurai kakarimasu ka?","ja":"会場までどれぐらいかかりますか?","english":"How long does it take to get to the venue?"},"freqRank":2767,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":989}],"stage":4,"range":"986-989","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-places-7","label":"Errands in town","rationale":"Lets you say where you're popping out to.","interference":"Biyouin (hair salon) sounds close to byouin (hospital).","items":[{"id":"w-ginkou","romaji":"ginkou","polite":null,"english":"bank","use":null,"ja":"銀行","kana":"ぎんこう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saki ni ginkou yotte kara iku ne.","ja":"先に銀行寄ってから行くね。","english":"I'll stop at the bank first, then come."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saki ni ginkou ni yotte kara ikimasu.","ja":"先に銀行に寄ってから行きます。","english":"I'll stop at the bank first, then come."},"freqRank":2598,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":990},{"id":"w-biyouin","romaji":"biyouin","polite":null,"english":"hair salon; hairdresser's","use":"Where you get a cut or colour; a traditional men's barber is a tokoya.","ja":"美容院","kana":"びよういん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita biyouin itte kuru.","ja":"明日美容院行ってくる。","english":"I'm going to the hairdresser's tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita biyouin ni itte kimasu.","ja":"明日美容院に行ってきます。","english":"I'm going to the hairdresser's tomorrow."},"freqRank":9775,"score":3,"notes":"Don't mix up bi-you-in (salon) with byou-in (hospital).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":991},{"id":"w-yuubinkyoku","romaji":"yuubinkyoku","polite":null,"english":"post office","use":null,"ja":"郵便局","kana":"ゆうびんきょく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, yuubinkyoku de dashite kite kureru?","ja":"これ、郵便局で出してきてくれる?","english":"Could you post this at the post office for me?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore, yuubinkyoku de dashite kite moraemasu ka?","ja":"これ、郵便局で出してきてもらえますか?","english":"Could you post this at the post office for me?"},"freqRank":15003,"score":3,"notes":"Posting something is dasu: tegami o dasu.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":992},{"id":"w-hyakkin","romaji":"hyakkin","polite":null,"english":"100-yen shop","use":"Short for hyaku-en kin'itsu; fine in any register.","ja":"百均","kana":"ひゃっきん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, hyakkin de katta n da.","ja":"これ、百均で買ったんだ。","english":"I got this at the 100-yen shop."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore, hyakkin de kaimashita.","ja":"これ、百均で買いました。","english":"I got this at the 100-yen shop."},"freqRank":51602,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":993}],"stage":4,"range":"990-993","category":"Places"},{"id":"n-home-12","label":"Gifts and letters","rationale":"Lets you give a present, return the favour and write to someone.","interference":"Okaeshi is also what shop staff say when handing over change.","items":[{"id":"w-purezento","romaji":"purezento","polite":null,"english":"present; gift","use":null,"ja":"プレゼント","kana":"プレゼント","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tanjoubi purezento, nani ga ii?","ja":"誕生日プレゼント、何がいい?","english":"What do you want for your birthday?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tanjoubi purezento wa nani ga ii desu ka?","ja":"誕生日プレゼントは何がいいですか?","english":"What would you like for your birthday?"},"freqRank":1118,"score":4,"notes":"Also a verb: purezento suru = give as a gift. Souvenirs from a trip are omiyage.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":994},{"id":"w-okaeshi","romaji":"okaeshi","polite":null,"english":"something in return; return gift; payback","use":"Mostly the gift you give back after receiving one, as custom expects.","ja":"お返し","kana":"おかえし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, kono aida no okaeshi.","ja":"これ、この間のお返し。","english":"This is to thank you for the other day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore, kono aida no okaeshi desu.","ja":"これ、この間のお返しです。","english":"This is to thank you for the other day."},"freqRank":2201,"score":3,"notes":"Shop staff say it for your change: hyaku en no okaeshi desu. Okaeshi da! can also mean 'Take that!'","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":995},{"id":"w-tegami","romaji":"tegami","polite":null,"english":"letter","use":null,"ja":"手紙","kana":"てがみ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"obaachan ni tegami kaita yo.","ja":"おばあちゃんに手紙書いたよ。","english":"I wrote Grandma a letter."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sobo ni tegami o kakimashita.","ja":"祖母に手紙を書きました。","english":"I wrote my grandmother a letter."},"freqRank":1375,"score":3,"notes":"Send one = dasu; a postcard is a hagaki.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":996}],"stage":4,"range":"994-996","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-6","label":"Phone and gadgets","rationale":"Lets you swap numbers and talk about your phone, watch and camera.","interference":"Tokei is both a clock and a watch.","items":[{"id":"w-keitai","romaji":"keitai","polite":null,"english":"mobile phone; cell phone","use":"Short for keitai denwa; many people now just say sumaho.","ja":"携帯","kana":"けいたい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"keitai, ie ni wasurechatta.","ja":"携帯、家に忘れちゃった。","english":"I left my phone at home."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"keitai o ie ni wasurete shimaimashita.","ja":"携帯を家に忘れてしまいました。","english":"I've left my phone at home."},"freqRank":1458,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":997},{"id":"w-denwa-bangou","romaji":"denwa bangou","polite":null,"english":"phone number","use":null,"ja":"電話番号","kana":"でんわばんごう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"denwa bangou oshiete kureru?","ja":"電話番号教えてくれる?","english":"Can you give me your number?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"denwa bangou o oshiete itadakemasu ka?","ja":"電話番号を教えていただけますか?","english":"Could I have your phone number?"},"freqRank":4138,"score":4,"notes":"Often just bangou in context; give your number = oshieru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":998},{"id":"w-tokei","romaji":"tokei","polite":null,"english":"clock; watch","use":"Covers both; udedokei means a wristwatch specifically.","ja":"時計","kana":"とけい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano tokei, chotto susunderu yo.","ja":"あの時計、ちょっと進んでるよ。","english":"That clock's a bit fast."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano tokei wa sukoshi susunde imasu yo.","ja":"あの時計は少し進んでいますよ。","english":"That clock is a little fast."},"freqRank":3262,"score":4,"notes":"Fast = susunde iru; slow = okurete iru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":999},{"id":"w-kamera","romaji":"kamera","polite":null,"english":"camera","use":null,"ja":"カメラ","kana":"カメラ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atarashii kamera katta n da.","ja":"新しいカメラ買ったんだ。","english":"I bought a new camera."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atarashii kamera o kaimashita.","ja":"新しいカメラを買いました。","english":"I bought a new camera."},"freqRank":1608,"score":3,"notes":"Take a photo = shashin o toru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1000}],"stage":4,"range":"997-1000","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-10","label":"Doors and windows","rationale":"Lets you open up, shut up and say where something was left.","interference":"Genkan is a home's entrance; a building's is iriguchi.","items":[{"id":"w-doa","romaji":"doa","polite":null,"english":"door","use":null,"ja":"ドア","kana":"ドア","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"samui kara doa shimete kureru?","ja":"寒いからドア閉めてくれる?","english":"It's cold, can you shut the door?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"samui node doa o shimete moraemasu ka?","ja":"寒いのでドアを閉めてもらえますか?","english":"It's cold, could you shut the door?"},"freqRank":1978,"score":4,"notes":"Open = akeru, shut = shimeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1001},{"id":"w-mado","romaji":"mado","polite":null,"english":"window","use":null,"ja":"窓","kana":"まど","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto mado akete mo ii?","ja":"ちょっと窓開けてもいい?","english":"Mind if I open the window a bit?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sukoshi mado o akete mo ii desu ka?","ja":"少し窓を開けてもいいですか?","english":"May I open the window a little?"},"freqRank":2151,"score":4,"notes":"A window seat is madogawa no seki.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1002},{"id":"w-genkan","romaji":"genkan","polite":null,"english":"entrance hall; front door","use":"The entry area of a home where you take your shoes off, a step below the floor.","ja":"玄関","kana":"げんかん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nimotsu, genkan ni oite oku ne.","ja":"荷物、玄関に置いておくね。","english":"I'll leave the parcel by the front door."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nimotsu wa genkan ni oite okimasu ne.","ja":"荷物は玄関に置いておきますね。","english":"I'll leave the parcel by the front door."},"freqRank":3218,"score":4,"notes":"Mainly for homes; a building's entrance is the iriguchi.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1003},{"id":"w-niwa","romaji":"niwa","polite":null,"english":"garden; yard","use":null,"ja":"庭","kana":"にわ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shuumatsu, niwa de baabekyuu shiyou yo.","ja":"週末、庭でバーベキューしようよ。","english":"Let's have a barbecue in the garden this weekend."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shuumatsu, niwa de baabekyuu o shimashou.","ja":"週末、庭でバーベキューをしましょう。","english":"Let's have a barbecue in the garden this weekend."},"freqRank":2986,"score":3,"notes":"A house's own garden; a public park is a kouen.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1004}],"stage":4,"range":"1001-1004","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-5","label":"Before you go out","rationale":"Lets you check you've got everything before leaving.","interference":"Kagi means both key and lock.","items":[{"id":"w-kagi","romaji":"kagi","polite":null,"english":"key; lock","use":"Covers the lock too: kagi o kakeru = lock it, kagi o akeru = unlock it.","ja":"鍵","kana":"かぎ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kagi, doko ni oitakke?","ja":"鍵、どこに置いたっけ?","english":"Where did I put the keys?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kagi wa doko ni okimashitakke?","ja":"鍵はどこに置きましたっけ?","english":"Where did I put the keys?"},"freqRank":1299,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1005},{"id":"w-saifu","romaji":"saifu","polite":null,"english":"wallet; purse","use":null,"ja":"財布","kana":"さいふ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yabai, saifu otoshita kamo.","ja":"やばい、財布落としたかも。","english":"Oh no, I think I dropped my wallet."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saifu o otoshita kamo shiremasen.","ja":"財布を落としたかもしれません。","english":"I may have dropped my wallet."},"freqRank":2377,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1006},{"id":"w-kasa","romaji":"kasa","polite":null,"english":"umbrella","use":null,"ja":"傘","kana":"かさ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ame furisou da kara, kasa motte itte.","ja":"雨降りそうだから、傘持って行って。","english":"It looks like rain, so take an umbrella."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ame ga furisou desu kara, kasa o motte itte kudasai.","ja":"雨が降りそうですから、傘を持って行ってください。","english":"It looks like rain, so please take an umbrella."},"freqRank":4237,"score":4,"notes":"Put up an umbrella = kasa o sasu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1007},{"id":"w-megane","romaji":"megane","polite":null,"english":"glasses; spectacles","use":null,"ja":"眼鏡","kana":"めがね","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"megane, sugoku niau ne.","ja":"眼鏡、すごく似合うね。","english":"Glasses really suit you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"megane, totemo niaimasu ne.","ja":"眼鏡、とても似合いますね。","english":"Glasses really suit you."},"freqRank":4549,"score":4,"notes":"Wear glasses = megane o kakeru, not kiru. Often written メガネ.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1008},{"id":"w-wasuremono","romaji":"wasuremono","polite":null,"english":"something left behind; something forgotten","use":"Wasuremono nai? is the standard 'Got everything?' before leaving.","ja":"忘れ物","kana":"わすれもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"wasuremono nai? jaa, iku yo.","ja":"忘れ物ない?じゃあ、行くよ。","english":"Got everything? Okay, let's go."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"wasuremono wa nai desu ka? jaa, ikimashou.","ja":"忘れ物はないですか?じゃあ、行きましょう。","english":"Have you got everything? Okay, let's go."},"freqRank":2580,"score":3,"notes":"Trains and shops announce owasuremono ni go-chuui kudasai: mind you don't leave anything.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1009}],"stage":4,"range":"1005-1009","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-7","label":"Living room things","rationale":"Lets you turn the TV and lights on and off and find a seat.","interference":"Denki in a room means the light, not electricity.","items":[{"id":"w-terebi","romaji":"terebi","polite":null,"english":"TV; television","use":null,"ja":"テレビ","kana":"テレビ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"terebi tsukete mo ii?","ja":"テレビつけてもいい?","english":"Can I put the TV on?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"terebi o tsukete mo ii desu ka?","ja":"テレビをつけてもいいですか?","english":"May I put the TV on?"},"freqRank":1024,"score":4,"notes":"Turn on = tsukeru, turn off = kesu; watch = miru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1010},{"id":"w-denki","romaji":"denki","polite":null,"english":"light; electricity","use":"In a room it usually means the light: denki o tsukeru / kesu.","ja":"電気","kana":"でんき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"neru mae ni denki keshite ne.","ja":"寝る前に電気消してね。","english":"Turn the light off before you go to sleep."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"neru mae ni denki o keshite kudasai.","ja":"寝る前に電気を消してください。","english":"Please turn the light off before you go to sleep."},"freqRank":2655,"score":4,"notes":"The electricity bill is denkidai.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1011},{"id":"w-teeburu","romaji":"teeburu","polite":null,"english":"table","use":null,"ja":"テーブル","kana":"テーブル","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kagi, teeburu no ue ni oita yo.","ja":"鍵、テーブルの上に置いたよ。","english":"I left the keys on the table."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kagi wa teeburu no ue ni okimashita.","ja":"鍵はテーブルの上に置きました。","english":"I left the keys on the table."},"freqRank":2994,"score":4,"notes":"A desk for working or studying is a tsukue.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1012},{"id":"w-isu","romaji":"isu","polite":null,"english":"chair","use":null,"ja":"椅子","kana":"いす","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono isu, tsukatte mo ii?","ja":"この椅子、使ってもいい?","english":"Can I use this chair?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono isu, tsukatte mo ii desu ka?","ja":"この椅子、使ってもいいですか?","english":"May I use this chair?"},"freqRank":3671,"score":4,"notes":"Sit on a chair = isu ni suwaru.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1013}],"stage":4,"range":"1010-1013","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-11","label":"Bags and boxes","rationale":"Lets you name what you carry things in and turn down a shop bag.","interference":"Three bag words: kaban is general, baggu a fashion bag, fukuro a soft carrier bag.","items":[{"id":"w-fukuro","romaji":"fukuro","polite":null,"english":"bag (plastic or paper); sack; packet","use":"A soft carrier bag or pouch; cashiers ask fukuro wa goriyou desu ka? (Do you need a bag?).","ja":"袋","kana":"ふくろ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"fukuro iranai yo, eko baggu aru kara.","ja":"袋いらないよ、エコバッグあるから。","english":"I don't need a bag, I've got my own."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"fukuro wa ii desu. eko baggu ga arimasu kara.","ja":"袋はいいです。エコバッグがありますから。","english":"No bag, thanks. I've brought my own."},"freqRank":3399,"score":4,"notes":"In compounds it becomes -bukuro: rejibukuro (carrier bag), kamibukuro (paper bag).","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1014},{"id":"w-kaban","romaji":"kaban","polite":null,"english":"bag (school bag, work bag, handbag)","use":"The general word for a bag you carry your things in.","ja":"カバン","kana":"カバン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaban, koko ni oite ii?","ja":"カバン、ここに置いていい?","english":"Can I put my bag here?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaban o koko ni oite mo ii desu ka?","ja":"カバンをここに置いてもいいですか?","english":"May I put my bag here?"},"freqRank":4166,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1015},{"id":"w-baggu","romaji":"baggu","polite":null,"english":"bag; handbag","use":"Mostly a handbag or fashion bag; kaban is the general word.","ja":"バッグ","kana":"バッグ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono baggu, kawaii ne.","ja":"そのバッグ、かわいいね。","english":"That bag's cute."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono baggu, kawaii desu ne.","ja":"そのバッグ、かわいいですね。","english":"That's a cute bag."},"freqRank":2938,"score":3,"notes":"A reusable shopping bag is an eko baggu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1016},{"id":"w-hako","romaji":"hako","polite":null,"english":"box","use":null,"ja":"箱","kana":"はこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, hako ni irete oite.","ja":"これ、箱に入れておいて。","english":"Put these in the box, would you?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore o hako ni irete oite kudasai.","ja":"これを箱に入れておいてください。","english":"Please put these in the box."},"freqRank":2556,"score":3,"notes":"A cardboard box is a danbooru.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1017}],"stage":4,"range":"1014-1017","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-3","label":"Bath and toilet","rationale":"Lets you ask for the toilet and talk about bathing.","interference":"Ofuro takes hairu but shawaa takes abiru.","items":[{"id":"w-ofuro","romaji":"ofuro","polite":null,"english":"bath; bathtub; bathroom (for bathing)","use":"Taking a bath is ofuro ni hairu, literally 'go into the bath'.","ja":"お風呂","kana":"おふろ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saki ni ofuro haitte ii yo.","ja":"先にお風呂入っていいよ。","english":"You can have the bath first."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saki ni ofuro ni haitte mo ii desu yo.","ja":"先にお風呂に入ってもいいですよ。","english":"Please go ahead and have the bath first."},"freqRank":1921,"score":5,"notes":"Furo without the o sounds blunt. The toilet is a separate room, the toire.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1018},{"id":"w-toire","romaji":"toire","polite":null,"english":"toilet; bathroom","use":null,"ja":"トイレ","kana":"トイレ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto toire itte kuru.","ja":"ちょっとトイレ行ってくる。","english":"I'm just popping to the toilet."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto toire ni itte kimasu.","ja":"ちょっとトイレに行ってきます。","english":"I'm just going to the toilet."},"freqRank":1160,"score":4,"notes":"Otearai is a politer word, often heard in shops and seen on signs.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1019},{"id":"w-shawaa","romaji":"shawaa","polite":null,"english":"shower","use":null,"ja":"シャワー","kana":"シャワー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"natsu wa shawaa dake de sumaseru.","ja":"夏はシャワーだけで済ませる。","english":"In summer I just have a shower, no bath."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"natsu wa shawaa dake de sumasemasu.","ja":"夏はシャワーだけで済ませます。","english":"In summer I just have a shower instead of a bath."},"freqRank":3796,"score":4,"notes":"The verb is abiru, not hairu (hairu is for the bath).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1020},{"id":"w-taoru","romaji":"taoru","polite":null,"english":"towel","use":null,"ja":"タオル","kana":"タオル","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"taoru, koko ni oite oku ne.","ja":"タオル、ここに置いておくね。","english":"I'll leave a towel here for you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"taoru o koko ni oite okimasu ne.","ja":"タオルをここに置いておきますね。","english":"I'll leave a towel here for you."},"freqRank":4096,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1021},{"id":"w-tisshu","romaji":"tisshu","polite":null,"english":"tissue; tissues","use":null,"ja":"ティッシュ","kana":"ティッシュ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tisshu aru? hanamizu tomaranai.","ja":"ティッシュある?鼻水止まらない。","english":"Got a tissue? My nose won't stop running."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tisshu, arimasu ka? hanamizu ga tomaranakute.","ja":"ティッシュ、ありますか?鼻水が止まらなくて。","english":"Do you have a tissue? My nose won't stop running."},"freqRank":6720,"score":4,"notes":"Toilet paper is toiretto peepaa, a different word.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1022}],"stage":4,"range":"1018-1022","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-9","label":"Bed and sleep","rationale":"Lets you talk about going to bed and where people sleep.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-futon","romaji":"futon","polite":null,"english":"futon; bedding (floor mattress and quilt)","use":"Laid out on the floor at night and folded away by day.","ja":"布団","kana":"ふとん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyakuyou no futon, shiite oku ne.","ja":"客用の布団、敷いておくね。","english":"I'll lay out the spare futon for you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyakuyou no futon o shiite okimasu ne.","ja":"客用の布団を敷いておきますね。","english":"I'll lay out the guest futon for you."},"freqRank":3522,"score":4,"notes":"Lay out = shiku; put away = tatamu; airing it in the sun = futon o hosu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1023},{"id":"w-beddo","romaji":"beddo","polite":null,"english":"bed","use":null,"ja":"ベッド","kana":"ベッド","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou wa tsukarete sugu beddo ni haitta.","ja":"昨日は疲れてすぐベッドに入った。","english":"I was tired last night, so I went straight to bed."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou wa tsukarete sugu beddo ni hairimashita.","ja":"昨日は疲れてすぐベッドに入りました。","english":"I was tired last night, so I went straight to bed."},"freqRank":2222,"score":3,"notes":"Go to bed is usually just neru; the traditional floor bed is a futon.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1024},{"id":"w-makura","romaji":"makura","polite":null,"english":"pillow","use":null,"ja":"枕","kana":"まくら","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hoteru no makura, takasugite nerenakatta.","ja":"ホテルの枕、高すぎて寝れなかった。","english":"The hotel pillow was too high, I couldn't sleep."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hoteru no makura ga takasugite, nemuremasen deshita.","ja":"ホテルの枕が高すぎて、眠れませんでした。","english":"The hotel pillow was too high, so I couldn't sleep."},"freqRank":6515,"score":3,"notes":"Pillows are takai (high) or hikui (low), not thick or thin.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1025},{"id":"w-pajama","romaji":"pajama","polite":null,"english":"pyjamas","use":null,"ja":"パジャマ","kana":"パジャマ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou pajama ni kigaeta yo.","ja":"もうパジャマに着替えたよ。","english":"I've already changed into my pyjamas."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou pajama ni kigaemashita.","ja":"もうパジャマに着替えました。","english":"I've already changed into my pyjamas."},"freqRank":7896,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1026}],"stage":4,"range":"1023-1026","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-8","label":"Kitchen and table","rationale":"Lets you set the table and find things in the fridge.","interference":"Reizouko (fridge) and reitouko (freezer) differ by one sound.","items":[{"id":"w-reizouko","romaji":"reizouko","polite":null,"english":"fridge; refrigerator","use":null,"ja":"冷蔵庫","kana":"れいぞうこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"biiru, reizouko ni haitteru yo.","ja":"ビール、冷蔵庫に入ってるよ。","english":"There's beer in the fridge."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"biiru wa reizouko ni haitte imasu yo.","ja":"ビールは冷蔵庫に入っていますよ。","english":"There's beer in the fridge."},"freqRank":2894,"score":4,"notes":"The freezer is reitouko, one sound away.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1027},{"id":"w-hashi","romaji":"hashi","polite":null,"english":"chopsticks","use":"Most people say ohashi in everyday speech.","ja":"箸","kana":"はし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ohashi no tsukaikata, jouzu da ne.","ja":"お箸の使い方、上手だね。","english":"You're good with chopsticks."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ohashi no tsukaikata, jouzu desu ne.","ja":"お箸の使い方、上手ですね。","english":"You're very good with chopsticks."},"freqRank":4833,"score":4,"notes":"Same sounds as hashi, bridge, and hashi, edge; pitch and context tell them apart.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1028},{"id":"w-sara","romaji":"sara","polite":null,"english":"plate; dish","use":"Most people say osara; doing the dishes is osara o arau.","ja":"皿","kana":"さら","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"osara, watashi ga arau yo.","ja":"お皿、私が洗うよ。","english":"I'll do the dishes."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"osara wa watashi ga araimasu.","ja":"お皿は私が洗います。","english":"I'll wash the dishes."},"freqRank":5569,"score":4,"notes":"In compounds it becomes -zara: kozara (small plate), haizara (ashtray).","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1029},{"id":"w-koppu","romaji":"koppu","polite":null,"english":"glass; cup (for cold drinks)","use":"A drinking glass or plastic cup; a mug for hot drinks is a magu kappu.","ja":"コップ","kana":"コップ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koppu, mou hitotsu moratte ii?","ja":"コップ、もう一つもらっていい?","english":"Can I get another glass?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koppu o mou hitotsu itadakemasu ka?","ja":"コップをもう一ついただけますか?","english":"Could I have another glass?"},"freqRank":7157,"score":4,"notes":"Gurasu also means a glass, especially for wine.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1030}],"stage":4,"range":"1027-1030","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-13","label":"Doing the laundry","rationale":"Lets you do the washing and hang it out.","interference":"Sentaku (the chore), sentakumono (the clothes) and sentakuki (the machine) sound alike.","items":[{"id":"w-sentaku-suru","romaji":"sentaku suru","polite":"sentaku shimasu","english":"do the laundry; wash clothes","use":"Only for clothes and linen; washing dishes or hands is arau.","ja":"洗濯する","kana":"せんたくする","politeJa":"洗濯します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa tenki ii kara sentaku suru.","ja":"今日は天気いいから洗濯する。","english":"It's nice out today, so I'm doing the washing."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa tenki ga ii kara sentaku shimasu.","ja":"今日は天気がいいから洗濯します。","english":"It's nice out today, so I'm doing the washing."},"freqRank":3221,"score":4,"notes":"The clothes themselves are sentakumono; the machine is a sentakuki.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1031},{"id":"w-sentakumono","romaji":"sentakumono","polite":null,"english":"the washing; laundry (the clothes)","use":"The clothes themselves, dirty or drying.","ja":"洗濯物","kana":"せんたくもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ame da kara sentakumono torikomu ne.","ja":"雨だから洗濯物取り込むね。","english":"It's raining, so I'll bring the washing in."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ame na node, sentakumono o torikomimasu ne.","ja":"雨なので、洗濯物を取り込みますね。","english":"It's raining, so I'll bring the washing in."},"freqRank":5111,"score":4,"notes":"Hang it out = hosu; fold it = tatamu.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1032},{"id":"w-beranda","romaji":"beranda","polite":null,"english":"balcony","use":"Where most Japanese flats hang their washing out to dry.","ja":"ベランダ","kana":"ベランダ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sentakumono, beranda ni hoshita yo.","ja":"洗濯物、ベランダに干したよ。","english":"I hung the washing out on the balcony."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sentakumono wa beranda ni hoshimashita.","ja":"洗濯物はベランダに干しました。","english":"I hung the washing out on the balcony."},"freqRank":7614,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1033},{"id":"w-sentakuki","romaji":"sentakuki","polite":null,"english":"washing machine","use":null,"ja":"洗濯機","kana":"せんたくき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sentakuki, mada mawatteru kara matte.","ja":"洗濯機、まだ回ってるから待って。","english":"The washing machine's still going, so hang on."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sentakuki ga mada mawatte iru node, matte kudasai.","ja":"洗濯機がまだ回っているので、待ってください。","english":"The washing machine is still running, so please wait."},"freqRank":8553,"score":3,"notes":"Running it is sentakuki o mawasu, literally 'turn' it.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1034}],"stage":4,"range":"1031-1034","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-2","label":"Chores at home","rationale":"Lets you talk about cooking, cleaning up and daily routines at home.","interference":"Ryouri is any cooking; jisui is cooking your own meals instead of eating out.","items":[{"id":"w-ryouri","romaji":"ryouri","polite":null,"english":"cooking; a dish; cuisine","use":null,"ja":"料理","kana":"りょうり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ryouri kekkou tokui na n da","ja":"料理けっこう得意なんだ","english":"I'm actually pretty good at cooking."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ryouri wa kekkou tokui na n desu","ja":"料理はけっこう得意なんです","english":"I'm actually quite good at cooking."},"freqRank":856,"score":4,"notes":"Ryouri suru means to cook. As cuisine: nihon ryouri is Japanese food.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":1035},{"id":"w-hamigaki","romaji":"hamigaki","polite":null,"english":"brushing your teeth","use":"Mostly as hamigaki suru, to brush your teeth.","ja":"歯磨き","kana":"はみがき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"neru mae ni hamigaki shita?","ja":"寝る前に歯磨きした?","english":"Did you brush your teeth before bed?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"neru mae ni hamigaki shimashita ka?","ja":"寝る前に歯磨きしましたか?","english":"Did you brush your teeth before going to bed?"},"freqRank":16183,"score":4,"notes":"Toothpaste is hamigakiko.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1036},{"id":"w-araimono","romaji":"araimono","polite":null,"english":"the dishes; washing-up","use":"Usually dirty dishes; goes with suru or yaru.","ja":"洗い物","kana":"あらいもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"araimono wa ato de yattoku ne","ja":"洗い物はあとでやっとくね","english":"I'll do the dishes later."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"araimono wa ato de yatte okimasu","ja":"洗い物はあとでやっておきます","english":"I'll take care of the dishes later."},"freqRank":10157,"score":3,"notes":"Can also mean laundry waiting to be washed.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1037},{"id":"w-takuhaibin","romaji":"takuhaibin","polite":null,"english":"parcel delivery; a delivered parcel","use":"Courier delivery to your door; you hear 'takuhaibin desu' at the intercom.","ja":"宅配便","kana":"たくはいびん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sakki takuhaibin kiteta yo","ja":"さっき宅配便来てたよ","english":"A parcel came for you earlier."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sakki takuhaibin ga kite imashita yo","ja":"さっき宅配便が来ていましたよ","english":"A delivery came earlier."},"freqRank":10446,"score":3,"notes":"Takkyuubin is heard for the same thing.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1038},{"id":"w-jisui-suru","romaji":"jisui suru","polite":"jisui shimasu","english":"cook for yourself; make your own meals","use":"Said of people living alone who cook instead of eating out or buying ready meals.","ja":"自炊する","kana":"じすいする","politeJa":"自炊します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"hitorigurashi da kedo mainichi jisui shiteru yo","ja":"一人暮らしだけど毎日自炊してるよ","english":"I live alone, but I cook for myself every day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"hitorigurashi desu ga mainichi jisui shite imasu","ja":"一人暮らしですが毎日自炊しています","english":"I live alone, but I cook my own meals every day."},"freqRank":15814,"score":3,"notes":"The opposite of gaishoku (eating out).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1039}],"stage":4,"range":"1035-1039","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-home-1","label":"Home appliances","rationale":"Lets you ask for and use the everyday machines at home.","interference":"Renji is the microwave, never a stove or cooker.","items":[{"id":"w-eakon","romaji":"eakon","polite":null,"english":"air conditioner; heat pump","use":"Wall units both cool and heat, so it's on in winter too.","ja":"エアコン","kana":"エアコン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atsui kara eakon tsukete","ja":"暑いからエアコンつけて","english":"It's hot, turn on the air con."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atsui node eakon o tsukete kudasai","ja":"暑いのでエアコンをつけてください","english":"It's hot, so please turn on the air conditioning."},"freqRank":9318,"score":4,"notes":"Tsukeru turns it on, kesu turns it off.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1040},{"id":"w-renji","romaji":"renji","polite":null,"english":"microwave","use":"Short for denshi renji; it means the microwave, not a stove.","ja":"レンジ","kana":"レンジ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore renji de atatamereba ii yo","ja":"それレンジで温めればいいよ","english":"Just heat it up in the microwave."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa renji de atatamereba ii desu yo","ja":"それはレンジで温めればいいですよ","english":"You can just heat that in the microwave."},"freqRank":17514,"score":4,"notes":"Chin suru is a casual way to say microwave something.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1041},{"id":"w-rimokon","romaji":"rimokon","polite":null,"english":"remote control","use":null,"ja":"リモコン","kana":"リモコン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"terebi no rimokon doko itta?","ja":"テレビのリモコンどこ行った?","english":"Where'd the TV remote go?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"terebi no rimokon wa doko desu ka?","ja":"テレビのリモコンはどこですか?","english":"Where's the TV remote?"},"freqRank":11190,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1042},{"id":"w-soujiki","romaji":"soujiki","polite":null,"english":"vacuum cleaner","use":"To vacuum is soujiki o kakeru.","ja":"掃除機","kana":"そうじき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"heya ni soujiki kaketoita yo","ja":"部屋に掃除機かけといたよ","english":"I vacuumed the room."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"heya ni soujiki o kakete okimashita","ja":"部屋に掃除機をかけておきました","english":"I've vacuumed the room."},"freqRank":12882,"score":3,"notes":"Souji is cleaning; soujiki is the machine.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1043}],"stage":4,"range":"1040-1043","category":"Home and everyday things"},{"id":"n-food-5","label":"Beer, wine and juice","rationale":"Lets you order or offer drinks at a meal or party.","interference":"Juusu covers any sweet soft drink, not only fruit juice.","items":[{"id":"w-biiru","romaji":"biiru","polite":null,"english":"beer","use":null,"ja":"ビール","kana":"ビール","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shigoto no ato no biiru wa saikou","ja":"仕事のあとのビールは最高","english":"Beer after work is the best."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shigoto no ato no biiru wa saikou desu","ja":"仕事のあとのビールは最高です","english":"A beer after work is the best."},"freqRank":1481,"score":4,"notes":"At a bar, nama or nama biiru is draft beer.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1044},{"id":"w-wain","romaji":"wain","polite":null,"english":"wine","use":null,"ja":"ワイン","kana":"ワイン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aka wain to shiro, dotchi ga ii?","ja":"赤ワインと白、どっちがいい?","english":"Red wine or white, which do you want?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"aka wain to shiro, dochira ga ii desu ka?","ja":"赤ワインと白、どちらがいいですか?","english":"Would you prefer red wine or white?"},"freqRank":2808,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1045},{"id":"w-juusu","romaji":"juusu","polite":null,"english":"juice; soft drink","use":"Covers sweet soft drinks like cola too, not just fruit juice.","ja":"ジュース","kana":"ジュース","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kodomo ni wa juusu de ii?","ja":"子どもにはジュースでいい?","english":"Is juice okay for the kids?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kodomo ni wa juusu de ii desu ka?","ja":"子どもにはジュースでいいですか?","english":"Is juice all right for the children?"},"freqRank":3618,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1046}],"stage":4,"range":"1044-1046","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-food-8","label":"Taste and seasoning","rationale":"Lets you say how food tastes and what goes on it.","interference":"Shio (salt) and shouyu (soy sauce) start with the same sound.","items":[{"id":"w-aji","romaji":"aji","polite":null,"english":"taste; flavour","use":null,"ja":"味","kana":"あじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono aji chotto usukunai?","ja":"この味ちょっと薄くない?","english":"Isn't this a bit bland?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono aji, chotto usukunai desu ka?","ja":"この味、ちょっと薄くないですか?","english":"Isn't the flavour a little weak?"},"freqRank":990,"score":4,"notes":"Aji ga koi is strong-tasting, aji ga usui mild or bland. Nan no aji? asks what flavour it is.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1047},{"id":"w-nama","romaji":"nama","polite":null,"english":"raw; draft beer; live","use":"Raw food, a draft beer at a bar, or something seen live and in person.","ja":"生","kana":"なま","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore nama de taberareru no?","ja":"これ生で食べられるの?","english":"Can you eat this raw?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa nama de taberaremasu ka?","ja":"これは生で食べられますか?","english":"Can this be eaten raw?"},"freqRank":2321,"score":4,"notes":"Toriaezu nama is the classic bar order: a draft beer to start. Nama de mita means saw it live.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1048},{"id":"w-shio","romaji":"shio","polite":null,"english":"salt","use":null,"ja":"塩","kana":"しお","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gomen, soko no shio totte","ja":"ごめん、そこの塩取って","english":"Sorry, can you pass me the salt?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, soko no shio o totte kudasai","ja":"すみません、そこの塩を取ってください","english":"Excuse me, could you pass the salt?"},"freqRank":3312,"score":4,"notes":"Shio ramen is salt-flavoured ramen.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1049},{"id":"w-shouyu","romaji":"shouyu","polite":null,"english":"soy sauce","use":null,"ja":"醤油","kana":"しょうゆ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shouyu kakesugi ja nai?","ja":"醤油かけすぎじゃない?","english":"Isn't that too much soy sauce?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shouyu o kakesugi ja nai desu ka?","ja":"醤油をかけすぎじゃないですか?","english":"Aren't you putting on too much soy sauce?"},"freqRank":8743,"score":4,"notes":"Shouyu o kakeru is pour it on; shouyu ni tsukeru is dip in it.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1050}],"stage":4,"range":"1047-1050","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-food-6","label":"Sweets and snacks","rationale":"Lets you talk about desserts, sweets and snacks.","interference":"Okashi is the snack food itself; oyatsu is the snack between meals or snack time.","items":[{"id":"w-keeki","romaji":"keeki","polite":null,"english":"cake","use":null,"ja":"ケーキ","kana":"ケーキ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tanjoubi no keeki katte kita yo","ja":"誕生日のケーキ買ってきたよ","english":"I picked up a birthday cake."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tanjoubi no keeki o katte kimashita","ja":"誕生日のケーキを買ってきました","english":"I bought a birthday cake."},"freqRank":2101,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1051},{"id":"w-okashi","romaji":"okashi","polite":null,"english":"sweets; snacks","use":"Covers candy, chips and biscuits, anything packaged to snack on.","ja":"お菓子","kana":"おかし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okashi bakkari tabenai no","ja":"お菓子ばっかり食べないの","english":"Stop eating nothing but snacks."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okashi bakari tabenaide kudasai","ja":"お菓子ばかり食べないでください","english":"Please don't eat only snacks."},"freqRank":2637,"score":4,"notes":"Wagashi are traditional Japanese sweets.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1052},{"id":"w-aisu","romaji":"aisu","polite":null,"english":"ice cream; ice lolly","use":"Means ice cream, not ice; ice cubes are koori.","ja":"アイス","kana":"アイス","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"atsui kara aisu tabetai","ja":"暑いからアイス食べたい","english":"It's so hot, I want ice cream."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"atsui node aisu ga tabetai desu","ja":"暑いのでアイスが食べたいです","english":"It's hot, so I'd like some ice cream."},"freqRank":3625,"score":4,"notes":"Before a drink it means iced: aisu koohii.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1053},{"id":"w-choko","romaji":"choko","polite":null,"english":"chocolate","use":"Short for chokoreeto; the short form is what people usually say.","ja":"チョコ","kana":"チョコ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono choko ikko moratte ii?","ja":"そのチョコ一個もらっていい?","english":"Can I have one of those chocolates?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono choko ikko moratte mo ii desu ka?","ja":"そのチョコ一個もらってもいいですか?","english":"May I have one of those chocolates?"},"freqRank":4130,"score":4,"notes":"On Valentine's Day women give choko; giri choko is the obligation chocolate for coworkers.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1054},{"id":"w-oyatsu","romaji":"oyatsu","polite":null,"english":"snack; snack time","use":"The afternoon snack between meals, especially for kids.","ja":"おやつ","kana":"おやつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"oyatsu ni purin aru yo","ja":"おやつにプリンあるよ","english":"There's pudding for a snack."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"oyatsu ni purin ga arimasu yo","ja":"おやつにプリンがありますよ","english":"There's some pudding for a snack."},"freqRank":5209,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1055}],"stage":4,"range":"1051-1055","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-food-9","label":"Japanese home food","rationale":"Lets you talk about everyday Japanese meals and packed lunches.","interference":"Nabe is both the cooking pot and the hot-pot meal.","items":[{"id":"w-bentou","romaji":"bentou","polite":null,"english":"packed lunch; boxed meal","use":"Home-made or bought at a convenience store; usually said obentou.","ja":"弁当","kana":"べんとう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou obentou motte kita?","ja":"今日お弁当持ってきた?","english":"Did you bring a lunch today?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa obentou o motte kimashita ka?","ja":"今日はお弁当を持ってきましたか?","english":"Did you bring a packed lunch today?"},"freqRank":3091,"score":4,"notes":"Convenience store staff ask 'atatamemasu ka?': do you want it heated?","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1056},{"id":"w-nabe","romaji":"nabe","polite":null,"english":"hot pot; pot","use":"Most often the shared hot-pot meal cooked at the table in winter.","ja":"鍋","kana":"なべ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"samui shi kon'ya wa nabe ni shiyou yo","ja":"寒いし今夜は鍋にしようよ","english":"It's cold, let's have hot pot tonight."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"samui node kon'ya wa nabe ni shimashou","ja":"寒いので今夜は鍋にしましょう","english":"It's cold, so let's have hot pot tonight."},"freqRank":3533,"score":4,"notes":"Also the cooking pot or saucepan itself.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1057},{"id":"w-onigiri","romaji":"onigiri","polite":null,"english":"rice ball","use":null,"ja":"おにぎり","kana":"おにぎり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konbini de onigiri katte kuru ne","ja":"コンビニでおにぎり買ってくるね","english":"I'll go grab some rice balls from the convenience store."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konbini de onigiri o katte kimasu ne","ja":"コンビニでおにぎりを買ってきますね","english":"I'll go and buy some rice balls at the convenience store."},"freqRank":4827,"score":4,"notes":"Also called omusubi in some places.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1058},{"id":"w-misoshiru","romaji":"misoshiru","polite":null,"english":"miso soup","use":null,"ja":"味噌汁","kana":"みそしる","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"misoshiru nomu to hotto suru","ja":"味噌汁飲むとほっとする","english":"Miso soup always makes me feel at home."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"misoshiru o nomu to hotto shimasu","ja":"味噌汁を飲むとほっとします","english":"Drinking miso soup makes me relax."},"freqRank":9117,"score":4,"notes":"Often said omisoshiru. You drink it from the bowl, so the verb is nomu.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1059}],"stage":4,"range":"1056-1059","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-food-10","label":"Eating out","rationale":"Lets you handle restaurants, lunch out and takeaway.","interference":"Gaishoku is the habit of eating out; ranchi is one lunch, usually out.","items":[{"id":"w-menyuu","romaji":"menyuu","polite":null,"english":"menu","use":null,"ja":"メニュー","kana":"メニュー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"menyuu mite kara kimeyou","ja":"メニュー見てから決めよう","english":"Let's look at the menu and then decide."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"menyuu o mite kara kimemashou","ja":"メニューを見てから決めましょう","english":"Let's decide after looking at the menu."},"freqRank":2558,"score":4,"notes":"Also a list of options outside food, like a workout menu.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1060},{"id":"w-ranchi","romaji":"ranchi","polite":null,"english":"lunch; lunch special","use":"Mostly for lunch out; lunch at home is hirugohan.","ja":"ランチ","kana":"ランチ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita issho ni ranchi ikanai?","ja":"明日一緒にランチ行かない?","english":"Want to go to lunch together tomorrow?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita issho ni ranchi ni ikimasen ka?","ja":"明日一緒にランチに行きませんか?","english":"Would you like to have lunch together tomorrow?"},"freqRank":3036,"score":4,"notes":"Restaurants offer cheap ranchi sets at midday.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1061},{"id":"w-gaishoku","romaji":"gaishoku","polite":null,"english":"eating out","use":"Talks about the habit of eating out rather than one restaurant meal.","ja":"外食","kana":"がいしょく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin gaishoku bakkari da na","ja":"最近外食ばっかりだな","english":"I've been eating out way too much lately."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin gaishoku bakari desu","ja":"最近外食ばかりです","english":"Lately I've been eating out all the time."},"freqRank":8099,"score":3,"notes":"Gaishoku suru means eat out. The opposite is jisui (cooking for yourself).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1062},{"id":"w-tabehoudai","romaji":"tabehoudai","polite":null,"english":"all-you-can-eat","use":"A set price, usually with a time limit.","ja":"食べ放題","kana":"たべほうだい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yakiniku no tabehoudai ikou yo","ja":"焼肉の食べ放題行こうよ","english":"Let's go to an all-you-can-eat barbecue place."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"yakiniku no tabehoudai ni ikimashou","ja":"焼肉の食べ放題に行きましょう","english":"Let's go for all-you-can-eat barbecue."},"freqRank":15083,"score":3,"notes":"All-you-can-drink is nomihoudai.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1063},{"id":"w-mochikaeri","romaji":"mochikaeri","polite":null,"english":"takeaway; to go","use":"Staff ask 'omochikaeri desu ka?': is it to go?","ja":"持ち帰り","kana":"もちかえり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"konderu shi mochikaeri ni shinai?","ja":"混んでるし持ち帰りにしない?","english":"It's packed, want to get it to go?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"konde iru node mochikaeri ni shimasen ka?","ja":"混んでいるので持ち帰りにしませんか?","english":"It's crowded, so shall we get it to go?"},"freqRank":28783,"score":3,"notes":"Eating in is tennai or kochira de. Teikuauto is also used.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1064}],"stage":4,"range":"1060-1064","category":"Food and drink"},{"id":"n-work-4","label":"Office tasks","rationale":"Lets you talk about everyday office work.","interference":"Shiryou are the prepared papers; deeta is the raw numbers or files.","items":[{"id":"w-shiryou","romaji":"shiryou","polite":null,"english":"documents; materials; handouts","use":"Papers or files prepared for a meeting or research, printed or digital.","ja":"資料","kana":"しりょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaigi no shiryou mou okutta?","ja":"会議の資料もう送った?","english":"Did you send the meeting materials yet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaigi no shiryou wa mou okurimashita ka?","ja":"会議の資料はもう送りましたか?","english":"Have you sent the meeting documents yet?"},"freqRank":1383,"score":3,"notes":"Shiryou o tsukuru means prepare the documents.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1065},{"id":"w-happyou","romaji":"happyou","polite":null,"english":"presentation; announcement","use":"A talk you give in class or at work, or results being announced.","ja":"発表","kana":"はっぴょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita happyou aru kara kinchou suru","ja":"明日発表あるから緊張する","english":"I've got a presentation tomorrow, I'm nervous."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita happyou ga aru node kinchou shite imasu","ja":"明日発表があるので緊張しています","english":"I have a presentation tomorrow, so I'm nervous."},"freqRank":1487,"score":3,"notes":"Happyou suru means present or announce. Kekka happyou is the announcement of results.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1066},{"id":"w-shiji","romaji":"shiji","polite":null,"english":"instructions; directions; orders","use":"What a boss or leader tells you to do.","ja":"指示","kana":"しじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ue no shiji o matteru toko","ja":"上の指示を待ってるとこ","english":"I'm waiting for instructions from above."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ue no shiji o matte iru tokoro desu","ja":"上の指示を待っているところです","english":"I'm waiting for instructions from my superiors."},"freqRank":1494,"score":3,"notes":"Shiji o dasu means give instructions. Shiji also sounds like the word for support.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1067},{"id":"w-deeta","romaji":"deeta","polite":null,"english":"data; files","use":"Also means digital files in general, like photos and documents.","ja":"データ","kana":"データ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"pasokon no deeta zenbu kiechatta","ja":"パソコンのデータ全部消えちゃった","english":"Everything on my computer got wiped."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"pasokon no deeta ga zenbu kiete shimaimashita","ja":"パソコンのデータが全部消えてしまいました","english":"All the data on my computer was lost."},"freqRank":1676,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1068}],"stage":4,"range":"1065-1068","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-work-8","label":"Jobs and business","rationale":"Say what work you do and who you work with.","interference":"Eigyou (sales) and shoubai (trade, running a shop) both come out as 'business' in English.","items":[{"id":"w-shinjin","romaji":"shinjin","polite":null,"english":"newcomer; new employee; rookie","use":"The new person at work or on a team, usually in their first year.","ja":"新人","kana":"しんじん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, kotoshi no shinjin da yo.","ja":"彼、今年の新人だよ。","english":"He's one of this year's new hires."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa kotoshi no shinjin desu.","ja":"彼は今年の新人です。","english":"He's one of this year's new hires."},"freqRank":2031,"score":3,"notes":"Also a new face in music, film or sport. Shinjin kenshuu = training for new staff.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1069},{"id":"w-eigyou","romaji":"eigyou","polite":null,"english":"sales (job or department); being open for business","use":"At a company it means sales; for a shop or restaurant it means being open.","ja":"営業","kana":"えいぎょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eigyou no shigoto shiteru n da.","ja":"営業の仕事してるんだ。","english":"I work in sales."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eigyou no shigoto o shite imasu.","ja":"営業の仕事をしています。","english":"I work in sales."},"freqRank":2037,"score":3,"notes":"Eigyou chuu = open now; eigyou jikan = opening hours.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1070},{"id":"w-shuushoku-suru","romaji":"shuushoku suru","polite":"shuushoku shimasu","english":"to get a job; to start working at a company","use":"For landing a full-time job, often a graduate's first; the company takes ni.","ja":"就職する","kana":"しゅうしょくする","politeJa":"就職します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ani ga ginkou ni shuushoku shita n da.","ja":"兄が銀行に就職したんだ。","english":"My brother got a job at a bank."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ani ga ginkou ni shuushoku shimashita.","ja":"兄が銀行に就職しました。","english":"My brother got a job at a bank."},"freqRank":2155,"score":3,"notes":"Shuukatsu (shuushoku katsudou) = job hunting. For a part-time job, people say baito o hajimeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1071},{"id":"w-sutaffu","romaji":"sutaffu","polite":null,"english":"staff; a staff member","use":"The people working at a shop, event, show or venue; one person can be 'a sutaffu'.","ja":"スタッフ","kana":"スタッフ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sutaffu no hito ni kiite miyou.","ja":"スタッフの人に聞いてみよう。","english":"Let's ask one of the staff."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sutaffu no kata ni kiite mimashou.","ja":"スタッフの方に聞いてみましょう。","english":"Let's ask a staff member."},"freqRank":2230,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1072},{"id":"w-shoubai","romaji":"shoubai","polite":null,"english":"business; trade; line of work","use":"Buying and selling, especially running a shop or small business.","ja":"商売","kana":"しょうばい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"saikin, shoubai no hou wa dou?","ja":"最近、商売の方はどう？","english":"How's business been lately?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"saikin, shoubai no hou wa dou desu ka?","ja":"最近、商売の方はどうですか？","english":"How's business been lately?"},"freqRank":2536,"score":3,"notes":"Bijinesu sounds corporate; shoubai is the shopkeeper's word. Shoubai ni naranai = there's no money in it.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1073}],"stage":4,"range":"1069-1073","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-work-9","label":"Projects and results","rationale":"Talk a project through from idea to the big day and how it was rated.","interference":"Kikaku (a proposal to make something) is not keikaku (a plan in general).","items":[{"id":"w-sagyou","romaji":"sagyou","polite":null,"english":"work; a task (the hands-on part)","use":"The job in front of you right now, like sorting, typing or packing, not your job in general.","ja":"作業","kana":"さぎょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima sagyou chuu dakara, ato de ne.","ja":"今作業中だから、後でね。","english":"I'm in the middle of something, so later, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima sagyou chuu na node, ato de onegai shimasu.","ja":"今作業中なので、後でお願いします。","english":"I'm in the middle of some work, so later, please."},"freqRank":2012,"score":3,"notes":"Shigoto is your job or work in general; sagyou is the task itself. Sagyou suru also exists.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1074},{"id":"w-kikaku","romaji":"kikaku","polite":null,"english":"a project; a plan for an event or product","use":"Something someone proposes and organises, like an event, a campaign or a TV segment.","ja":"企画","kana":"きかく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kikaku, kanari omoshiroi ne.","ja":"この企画、かなり面白いね。","english":"This project idea is pretty interesting."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kikaku wa kanari omoshiroi desu ne.","ja":"この企画はかなり面白いですね。","english":"This project idea is really interesting."},"freqRank":2149,"score":3,"notes":"Keikaku is a plan in general; kikaku is a proposal for something to make or put on. Kikaku suru = to plan an event.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1075},{"id":"w-hyouka","romaji":"hyouka","polite":null,"english":"rating; evaluation","use":"Used for reviews, grades and a boss's view of your work.","ja":"評価","kana":"ひょうか","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano mise, netto no hyouka takai yo.","ja":"あの店、ネットの評価高いよ。","english":"That place gets great ratings online."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano mise wa netto no hyouka ga takai desu yo.","ja":"あの店はネットの評価が高いですよ。","english":"That place gets great ratings online."},"freqRank":2237,"score":3,"notes":"Hyouka ga takai / hikui = highly / poorly rated. Hyouka suru = to rate, or to value someone's work.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1076},{"id":"w-honban","romaji":"honban","polite":null,"english":"the real thing; the actual performance, game or take","use":"The moment that counts after rehearsal or practice; on set, 'honban!' means this take is for real.","ja":"本番","kana":"ほんばん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"renshuu wa yokatta kedo, honban wa kinchou suru na.","ja":"練習は良かったけど、本番は緊張するな。","english":"Practice went fine, but the real thing makes me nervous."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"renshuu wa yokatta desu kedo, honban wa kinchou shimasu ne.","ja":"練習は良かったですけど、本番は緊張しますね。","english":"Practice went well, but the real thing makes me nervous."},"freqRank":2748,"score":3,"notes":"Ashita ga honban = tomorrow's the big day. Honban ni tsuyoi = good under pressure.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1077}],"stage":4,"range":"1074-1077","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-work-10","label":"Skills and expertise","rationale":"Say what you research, specialise in or work with.","interference":"Kenkyuu is research, not everyday studying (benkyou).","items":[{"id":"w-kenkyuu","romaji":"kenkyuu","polite":null,"english":"research; study (of a subject)","use":"Serious study at a university or lab; kenkyuu suru = to research.","ja":"研究","kana":"けんきゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"daigaku de nani kenkyuu shiteru no?","ja":"大学で何研究してるの？","english":"What are you researching at university?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"daigaku de nani o kenkyuu shite iru n desu ka?","ja":"大学で何を研究しているんですか？","english":"What do you research at university?"},"freqRank":2227,"score":3,"notes":"Studying for school or a test is benkyou, not kenkyuu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1078},{"id":"w-gijutsu","romaji":"gijutsu","polite":null,"english":"technology; skill, technique","use":"Technical know-how, from a craftsperson's skill to a company's tech.","ja":"技術","kana":"ぎじゅつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano hito no gijutsu wa hontou ni sugoi yo.","ja":"あの人の技術は本当にすごいよ。","english":"That person's skills are seriously impressive."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano kata no gijutsu wa hontou ni sugoi desu ne.","ja":"あの方の技術は本当にすごいですね。","english":"Their skills are truly impressive."},"freqRank":2328,"score":3,"notes":"It sounds technical; for 'he's good at it' people just say umai or jouzu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1079},{"id":"w-senmon","romaji":"senmon","polite":null,"english":"specialty; field of expertise; major","use":"Your field of work or study; also what a shop or school specialises in.","ja":"専門","kana":"せんもん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore wa boku no senmon ja nai kara wakaranai.","ja":"それは僕の専門じゃないから分からない。","english":"That's not my field, so I don't know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa watashi no senmon ja nai node, wakarimasen.","ja":"それは私の専門じゃないので、分かりません。","english":"That's not my area, so I'm afraid I don't know."},"freqRank":2682,"score":3,"notes":"Senmon gakkou = vocational college; senmonka = specialist.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":1080},{"id":"w-shisutemu","romaji":"shisutemu","polite":null,"english":"system","use":"A computer system at work, or how a place is set up, like how a bar charges or how ordering works.","ja":"システム","kana":"システム","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono mise, dou iu shisutemu na no?","ja":"この店、どういうシステムなの？","english":"How does it work at this place?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono mise wa dou iu shisutemu desu ka?","ja":"この店はどういうシステムですか？","english":"How does it work here?"},"freqRank":2888,"score":3,"notes":"Shisutemu shougai = a system failure.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1081}],"stage":4,"range":"1078-1081","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-work-7","label":"Meetings and deadlines","rationale":"Handle the office calendar: meetings, papers, trips and deadlines.","interference":"Uchiawase is a working meeting; kaigi is a formal one.","items":[{"id":"w-uchiawase","romaji":"uchiawase","polite":null,"english":"a (planning) meeting","use":"A working meeting to go over details, often small and with a client or colleague.","ja":"打ち合わせ","kana":"うちあわせ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gogo kara uchiawase ga aru n da.","ja":"午後から打ち合わせがあるんだ。","english":"I've got a meeting this afternoon."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gogo kara uchiawase ga arimasu.","ja":"午後から打ち合わせがあります。","english":"I have a meeting this afternoon."},"freqRank":2320,"score":4,"notes":"Kaigi is a bigger, more formal meeting. Uchiawase suru = to meet and sort out plans.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1082},{"id":"w-sukejuuru","romaji":"sukejuuru","polite":null,"english":"schedule","use":"Your plans for a day or week, or the timetable for a project or trip.","ja":"スケジュール","kana":"スケジュール","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raishuu no sukejuuru, dou natteru?","ja":"来週のスケジュール、どうなってる？","english":"What's your schedule like next week?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raishuu no sukejuuru wa dou natte imasu ka?","ja":"来週のスケジュールはどうなっていますか？","english":"What does your schedule look like next week?"},"freqRank":3069,"score":4,"notes":"Yotei is the everyday word for one plan: ashita yotei aru? = got plans tomorrow?","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1083},{"id":"w-shorui","romaji":"shorui","polite":null,"english":"documents; paperwork","use":"Official papers such as forms, contracts and applications.","ja":"書類","kana":"しょるい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sono shorui, tsukue no ue ni oitoite.","ja":"その書類、机の上に置いといて。","english":"Just leave those papers on my desk."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono shorui wa tsukue no ue ni oite oite kudasai.","ja":"その書類は机の上に置いておいてください。","english":"Please leave those papers on the desk."},"freqRank":2473,"score":3,"notes":"A plain sheet of paper is kami; shorui is papers that matter, like an application.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1084},{"id":"w-shutchou","romaji":"shutchou","polite":null,"english":"business trip","use":null,"ja":"出張","kana":"しゅっちょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raishuu, oosaka ni shutchou nan da.","ja":"来週、大阪に出張なんだ。","english":"I've got a business trip to Osaka next week."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raishuu, oosaka ni shutchou desu.","ja":"来週、大阪に出張です。","english":"I'm going to Osaka on business next week."},"freqRank":2633,"score":3,"notes":"Shutchou ni iku or shutchou suru = go on a business trip; shutchou chuu = away on business.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1085},{"id":"w-shimekiri","romaji":"shimekiri","polite":null,"english":"deadline; closing date","use":null,"ja":"締め切り","kana":"しめきり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shimekiri, ashita made da yo.","ja":"締め切り、明日までだよ。","english":"The deadline's tomorrow, you know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shimekiri wa ashita made desu yo.","ja":"締め切りは明日までですよ。","english":"The deadline is tomorrow."},"freqRank":5578,"score":3,"notes":"Shimekiri ni maniau = make the deadline; maniawanai = miss it.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1086}],"stage":4,"range":"1082-1086","category":"Work and school"},{"id":"n-health-3","label":"Injuries and emergencies","rationale":"Handle an accident: who got hurt and who to call.","interference":"Kega is the injury, kizu the visible cut or mark.","items":[{"id":"w-kega-suru","romaji":"kega suru","polite":"kega shimasu","english":"to get hurt; to be injured","use":"Any physical injury, from a scraped knee to a bad accident.","ja":"ケガする","kana":"けがする","politeJa":"ケガします","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"daijoubu? doko mo kega shinakatta?","ja":"大丈夫？どこもケガしなかった？","english":"You okay? You didn't hurt yourself anywhere?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"daijoubu desu ka? doko mo kega shimasen deshita ka?","ja":"大丈夫ですか？どこもケガしませんでしたか？","english":"Are you all right? You weren't hurt anywhere?"},"freqRank":1489,"score":4,"notes":"The noun kega = an injury: kega wa nai? = anyone hurt? Kizu is the cut or wound itself.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1087},{"id":"w-keisatsu","romaji":"keisatsu","polite":null,"english":"the police","use":"The police as an organisation; a single officer is keisatsukan, or omawarisan.","ja":"警察","kana":"けいさつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sugu keisatsu ni denwa shite!","ja":"すぐ警察に電話して！","english":"Call the police right now!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sugu keisatsu ni denwa shite kudasai!","ja":"すぐ警察に電話してください！","english":"Please call the police right away!"},"freqRank":700,"score":3,"notes":"Keisatsu o yobu = call the police (110 in Japan). A kouban is the local police box.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1088},{"id":"w-jiko","romaji":"jiko","polite":null,"english":"accident","use":"An unplanned accident, most often a traffic accident.","ja":"事故","kana":"じこ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki no mae de jiko ga atta n datte.","ja":"駅の前で事故があったんだって。","english":"I heard there was an accident in front of the station."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki no mae de jiko ga atta sou desu.","ja":"駅の前で事故があったそうです。","english":"I heard there was an accident in front of the station."},"freqRank":1171,"score":3,"notes":"Jiko ni au = be in an accident. Jiken is an incident, often a crime.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1089},{"id":"w-kizu","romaji":"kizu","polite":null,"english":"cut, wound; scratch; scar","use":"A cut or scar on skin, a scratch on an object, or hurt feelings.","ja":"傷","kana":"きず","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kizu, dou shita no?","ja":"この傷、どうしたの？","english":"How did you get this cut?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sono kizu wa dou shita n desu ka?","ja":"その傷はどうしたんですか？","english":"How did you get that cut?"},"freqRank":1248,"score":3,"notes":"Kega is the injury itself; kizu is the cut or mark you can see. Kizutsuku = to get hurt, often feelings.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1090},{"id":"w-kyuukyuusha","romaji":"kyuukyuusha","polite":null,"english":"ambulance","use":null,"ja":"救急車","kana":"きゅうきゅうしゃ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dareka, hayaku kyuukyuusha yonde!","ja":"誰か、早く救急車呼んで！","english":"Someone, quick, call an ambulance!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, kyuukyuusha o yonde kudasai!","ja":"すみません、救急車を呼んでください！","english":"Excuse me, please call an ambulance!"},"freqRank":1854,"score":3,"notes":"Kyuukyuusha o yobu = call an ambulance. In Japan the number is 119.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1091}],"stage":4,"range":"1087-1091","category":"Health"},{"id":"n-health-2","label":"Doctors and medicine","rationale":"Get help for an illness: medicine, doctors, tests and treatment.","interference":"Kensa is a medical test, not a school tesuto.","items":[{"id":"w-kusuri","romaji":"kusuri","polite":null,"english":"medicine; drugs","use":"You 'drink' medicine in Japanese, even pills: kusuri o nomu.","ja":"薬","kana":"くすり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kusuri nonde, hayaku neta hou ga ii yo.","ja":"薬飲んで、早く寝た方がいいよ。","english":"Take some medicine and get to bed early."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kusuri o nonde, hayaku neta hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"薬を飲んで、早く寝た方がいいですよ。","english":"You should take some medicine and go to bed early."},"freqRank":1283,"score":4,"notes":"Kusuriya or yakkyoku = pharmacy. In crime talk it can mean illegal drugs.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1092},{"id":"w-oishasan","romaji":"oishasan","polite":null,"english":"doctor","use":"The friendly everyday word; isha alone sounds blunt, and you address a doctor as sensei.","ja":"お医者さん","kana":"おいしゃさん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ichido oishasan ni mite moratta hou ga ii yo.","ja":"一度お医者さんに診てもらった方がいいよ。","english":"You should get a doctor to take a look."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ichido oishasan ni mite moratta hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"一度お医者さんに診てもらった方がいいですよ。","english":"You should have a doctor look at it."},"freqRank":3784,"score":4,"notes":"People often say byouin ni iku (go to the clinic) for 'see a doctor'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1093},{"id":"w-kensa","romaji":"kensa","polite":null,"english":"(medical) test; examination; inspection","use":"Tests at a hospital, or checks on goods and bags; kensa o ukeru = have tests done.","ja":"検査","kana":"けんさ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ashita, byouin de kensa ga aru n da.","ja":"明日、病院で検査があるんだ。","english":"I've got some tests at the hospital tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ashita, byouin de kensa o ukemasu.","ja":"明日、病院で検査を受けます。","english":"I'm having some tests at the hospital tomorrow."},"freqRank":2053,"score":3,"notes":"Kensa no kekka = test results. A school test is tesuto, not kensa.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1094},{"id":"w-chiryou","romaji":"chiryou","polite":null,"english":"medical treatment","use":"Ongoing care for an illness or injury, including dental work.","ja":"治療","kana":"ちりょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima, ha no chiryou ni kayotteru.","ja":"今、歯の治療に通ってる。","english":"I'm going in regularly for dental work right now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima, ha no chiryou ni kayotte imasu.","ja":"今、歯の治療に通っています。","english":"I'm getting dental treatment at the moment."},"freqRank":2181,"score":3,"notes":"Chiryou o ukeru = get treatment. Naoru (to heal) is the result you hope for.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1095},{"id":"w-haisha","romaji":"haisha","polite":null,"english":"dentist; the dentist's","use":"Means both the person and the clinic: haisha ni iku = go to the dentist.","ja":"歯医者","kana":"はいしゃ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ha ga itai kara, ashita haisha ni iku n da.","ja":"歯が痛いから、明日歯医者に行くんだ。","english":"My tooth hurts, so I'm going to the dentist tomorrow."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ha ga itai node, ashita haisha ni ikimasu.","ja":"歯が痛いので、明日歯医者に行きます。","english":"I have a toothache, so I'm going to the dentist tomorrow."},"freqRank":11007,"score":3,"notes":"Haisha-san is the softer, everyday form.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1096}],"stage":4,"range":"1092-1096","category":"Health"},{"id":"n-health-6","label":"In and out of hospital","rationale":"Share news about hospital stays, operations, recovery and pregnancy.","interference":"Nyuuin (go in) and taiin (come out) are easy to swap.","items":[{"id":"w-nyuuin-suru","romaji":"nyuuin suru","polite":"nyuuin shimasu","english":"to go into hospital; to be hospitalised","use":"As a patient staying overnight or longer; nyuuin shite iru = is in hospital.","ja":"入院する","kana":"にゅういんする","politeJa":"入院します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sobo ga kinou kara nyuuin shiteru n da.","ja":"祖母が昨日から入院してるんだ。","english":"My grandma's been in hospital since yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sobo ga kinou kara nyuuin shite iru n desu.","ja":"祖母が昨日から入院しているんです。","english":"My grandmother has been in hospital since yesterday."},"freqRank":1624,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: taiin suru. Just seeing a doctor is byouin ni iku.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1097},{"id":"w-taiin-suru","romaji":"taiin suru","polite":"taiin shimasu","english":"to leave hospital; to be discharged","use":null,"ja":"退院する","kana":"たいいんする","politeJa":"退院します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"haha, raishuu taiin dekiru tte.","ja":"母、来週退院できるって。","english":"They say Mum can leave hospital next week."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"haha wa raishuu taiin dekiru sou desu.","ja":"母は来週退院できるそうです。","english":"I hear my mother can leave hospital next week."},"freqRank":2338,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite of nyuuin suru. Taiin omedetou = congrats on getting out of hospital.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1098},{"id":"w-shujutsu","romaji":"shujutsu","polite":null,"english":"surgery; an operation","use":"The patient 'receives' it (shujutsu o ukeru), though casually people say shujutsu suru too.","ja":"手術","kana":"しゅじゅつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"raigetsu, hiza no shujutsu suru n da.","ja":"来月、膝の手術するんだ。","english":"I'm having knee surgery next month."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"raigetsu, hiza no shujutsu o ukemasu.","ja":"来月、膝の手術を受けます。","english":"I'm having knee surgery next month."},"freqRank":2050,"score":3,"notes":"Shujutsu wa seikou shita = the operation went well.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1099},{"id":"w-kaifuku-suru","romaji":"kaifuku suru","polite":"kaifuku shimasu","english":"to recover; to get better","use":"A bit formal; for your own cold people usually say yoku naru or naoru.","ja":"回復する","kana":"かいふくする","politeJa":"回復します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, daibu kaifuku shita mitai da yo.","ja":"彼、だいぶ回復したみたいだよ。","english":"He seems a lot better now."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa daibu kaifuku shita you desu.","ja":"彼はだいぶ回復したようです。","english":"He seems to have recovered quite a bit."},"freqRank":2647,"score":3,"notes":"Also used for the weather, the economy, or HP in games.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1100},{"id":"w-ninshin-suru","romaji":"ninshin suru","polite":"ninshin shimasu","english":"to get pregnant; pregnancy","use":"Ninshin shite iru = is pregnant.","ja":"妊娠する","kana":"にんしんする","politeJa":"妊娠します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"jitsu wa, ninshin shita no.","ja":"実は、妊娠したの。","english":"Actually... I'm pregnant."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"jitsu wa, ninshin shimashita.","ja":"実は、妊娠しました。","english":"Actually, I'm pregnant."},"freqRank":2920,"score":3,"notes":"Ninshin gokagetsu = five months pregnant.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1101}],"stage":4,"range":"1097-1101","category":"Health"},{"id":"n-health-4","label":"Symptoms and seasonal ills","rationale":"Describe common symptoms and the seasonal ills everyone talks about.","interference":"Netchuushou (heatstroke) shares its first sound with netsu (fever) but is a different thing.","items":[{"id":"w-hanamizu","romaji":"hanamizu","polite":null,"english":"runny nose; snot","use":"Hanamizu ga deru = have a runny nose.","ja":"鼻水","kana":"はなみず","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kaze kana, hanamizu ga tomaranai.","ja":"風邪かな、鼻水が止まらない。","english":"Maybe it's a cold; my nose won't stop running."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaze kamo shiremasen. hanamizu ga tomaranai n desu.","ja":"風邪かもしれません。鼻水が止まらないんです。","english":"It might be a cold. My nose won't stop running."},"freqRank":12653,"score":3,"notes":"Hana o kamu = blow your nose; hanazumari = a blocked nose.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1102},{"id":"w-seki","romaji":"seki","polite":null,"english":"cough","use":"Seki ga deru = to cough; seki ga tomaranai = can't stop coughing.","ja":"咳","kana":"せき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou kara seki ga zenzen tomaranai.","ja":"昨日から咳が全然止まらない。","english":"I haven't stopped coughing since yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou kara seki ga tomaranai n desu.","ja":"昨日から咳が止まらないんです。","english":"I've been coughing nonstop since yesterday."},"freqRank":21022,"score":3,"notes":"Seki o suru also works. A sneeze is kushami.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1103},{"id":"w-netchuushou","romaji":"netchuushou","polite":null,"english":"heatstroke; heat exhaustion","use":"A common summer warning in Japan; netchuushou ni naru = get heatstroke.","ja":"熱中症","kana":"ねっちゅうしょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou atsui kara, netchuushou ni ki o tsukete ne.","ja":"今日暑いから、熱中症に気をつけてね。","english":"It's hot today, so watch out for heatstroke."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa atsui node, netchuushou ni ki o tsukete kudasai.","ja":"今日は暑いので、熱中症に気をつけてください。","english":"It's hot today, so please watch out for heatstroke."},"freqRank":17160,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1104},{"id":"w-kafunshou","romaji":"kafunshou","polite":null,"english":"hay fever; pollen allergy","use":"Very common in Japan each spring; kafunshou nan da = I've got hay fever.","ja":"花粉症","kana":"かふんしょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kafunshou de, me ga kayukute tamaranai.","ja":"花粉症で、目がかゆくてたまらない。","english":"My hay fever's making my eyes itch like crazy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kafunshou de, me ga totemo kayui n desu.","ja":"花粉症で、目がとてもかゆいんです。","english":"My eyes are really itchy from hay fever."},"freqRank":20178,"score":3,"notes":"Kafun = pollen; sugi (cedar) is the main culprit.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1105}],"stage":4,"range":"1102-1105","category":"Health"},{"id":"n-society-1","label":"Rules and permission","rationale":"Say what's allowed, what's banned and what's your right.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-kyoka","romaji":"kyoka","polite":null,"english":"permission; approval","use":"Formal or official permission; kyoka o morau = get permission.","ja":"許可","kana":"きょか","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, joushi no kyoka moratta?","ja":"それ、上司の許可もらった？","english":"Did you get your boss's okay for that?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa joushi no kyoka o moraimashita ka?","ja":"それは上司の許可をもらいましたか？","english":"Did you get your manager's approval for that?"},"freqRank":1675,"score":3,"notes":"Kyoka suru = to permit. Day to day, people just ask ii? to ask if something's okay.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1106},{"id":"w-ruuru","romaji":"ruuru","polite":null,"english":"rules; a rule","use":"Rules of a game, a house or a group; mamoru = follow them, yaburu = break them.","ja":"ルール","kana":"ルール","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ruuru wa chanto mamotte yo.","ja":"ルールはちゃんと守ってよ。","english":"Stick to the rules, okay?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ruuru wa chanto mamotte kudasai ne.","ja":"ルールはちゃんと守ってくださいね。","english":"Please make sure you follow the rules."},"freqRank":1837,"score":3,"notes":"Kisoku is the more formal word for regulations, like school rules.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1107},{"id":"w-kinshi","romaji":"kinshi","polite":null,"english":"ban; not allowed","use":"Said of rules (X wa kinshi = X isn't allowed) and ends many signs.","ja":"禁止","kana":"きんし","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko, tabako kinshi da yo.","ja":"ここ、タバコ禁止だよ。","english":"You can't smoke here."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa tabako kinshi desu yo.","ja":"ここはタバコ禁止ですよ。","english":"Smoking isn't allowed here."},"freqRank":2007,"score":3,"notes":"On signs: chuusha kinshi = no parking; satsuei kinshi = no photos.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1108},{"id":"w-kenri","romaji":"kenri","polite":null,"english":"a right","use":"Often in arguments: ... kenri wa nai = you have no right to ...","ja":"権利","kana":"けんり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"anata ni sonna koto o iu kenri wa nai.","ja":"あなたにそんなことを言う権利はない。","english":"You have no right to say that."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"anata ni sonna koto o iu kenri wa arimasen.","ja":"あなたにそんなことを言う権利はありません。","english":"You have no right to say that."},"freqRank":1950,"score":3,"notes":"Kenri ga aru = have the right. Its pair is gimu (duty).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1109}],"stage":4,"range":"1106-1109","category":"Society and news"},{"id":"n-society-4","label":"News and emergencies","rationale":"Talk about the news, earthquakes and urgent situations.","interference":"Jishin (earthquake) sounds like jishin (confidence).","items":[{"id":"w-shinbun","romaji":"shinbun","polite":null,"english":"newspaper","use":null,"ja":"新聞","kana":"しんぶん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kesa no shinbun yonda?","ja":"今朝の新聞読んだ？","english":"Did you read this morning's paper?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kesa no shinbun yomimashita ka?","ja":"今朝の新聞読みましたか？","english":"Did you read this morning's paper?"},"freqRank":2615,"score":3,"notes":"Goes with yomu (read); shinbun o toru means to subscribe.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1110},{"id":"w-jishin","romaji":"jishin","polite":null,"english":"earthquake","use":null,"ja":"地震","kana":"じしん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima no jishin, kekkou yureta ne.","ja":"今の地震、結構揺れたね。","english":"That earthquake just now really shook."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima no jishin, kekkou yuremashita ne.","ja":"今の地震、結構揺れましたね。","english":"That earthquake just now really shook."},"freqRank":7156,"score":3,"notes":"Goes with yureru (shake). Jishin also means self-confidence; context tells them apart.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1111},{"id":"w-kinkyuu","romaji":"kinkyuu","polite":null,"english":"emergency; urgent","use":"Sounds serious, like an alarm or the news; for an everyday rush people often say isogi.","ja":"緊急","kana":"きんきゅう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinkyuu no youji ga dekita kara, saki ni kaeru ne.","ja":"緊急の用事ができたから、先に帰るね。","english":"Something urgent came up, so I'm heading home first."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinkyuu no youji ga dekita node, saki ni kaerimasu.","ja":"緊急の用事ができたので、先に帰ります。","english":"Something urgent came up, so I'll head home first."},"freqRank":2820,"score":3,"notes":"Kinkyuu jishin sokuhou is the earthquake alert that blares on phones.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1112},{"id":"w-heiwa","romaji":"heiwa","polite":"heiwa desu","english":"peaceful; peace","use":"In daily talk it mostly means calm, nothing going on.","ja":"平和","kana":"へいわ","politeJa":"平和です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa nanimo nakute heiwa da ne.","ja":"今日は何もなくて平和だね。","english":"Nothing's going on today, it's nice and peaceful."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa nanimo nakute heiwa desu ne.","ja":"今日は何もなくて平和ですね。","english":"Nothing's going on today, it's nice and peaceful."},"freqRank":2723,"score":3,"notes":"Also the noun peace, as in sekai heiwa (world peace).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1113}],"stage":4,"range":"1110-1113","category":"Society and news"},{"id":"n-society-5","label":"Contracts and paperwork","rationale":"Deal with contracts, personal details and official forms.","interference":"Kojin is individual, not private life (puraibeeto).","items":[{"id":"w-keiyaku","romaji":"keiyaku","polite":null,"english":"contract","use":"Phone plans, apartments, jobs; anything you sign up to.","ja":"契約","kana":"けいやく","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kinou, atarashii heya no keiyaku shite kita.","ja":"昨日、新しい部屋の契約してきた。","english":"I signed the contract for my new place yesterday."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kinou, atarashii heya no keiyaku o shite kimashita.","ja":"昨日、新しい部屋の契約をしてきました。","english":"I signed the contract for my new apartment yesterday."},"freqRank":1778,"score":3,"notes":"Keiyaku suru = sign a contract; keiyaku ga kireru = it runs out.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1114},{"id":"w-kojin","romaji":"kojin","polite":null,"english":"individual; personal","use":"Mostly heard in kojinteki ni (personally, for me) and kojin jouhou (personal data).","ja":"個人","kana":"こじん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore wa kojin jouhou da kara, oshierarenai yo.","ja":"それは個人情報だから、教えられないよ。","english":"That's personal information, so I can't tell you."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa kojin jouhou na node, oshieraremasen.","ja":"それは個人情報なので、教えられません。","english":"That's personal information, so I'm afraid I can't share it."},"freqRank":2787,"score":3,"notes":"For your private life, say puraibeeto, not kojin.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1115},{"id":"w-tetsuzuki","romaji":"tetsuzuki","polite":null,"english":"paperwork; procedure","use":"The forms and steps for official things: moving, banks, visas, cancelling.","ja":"手続き","kana":"てつづき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kuyakusho de tetsuzuki shinakya.","ja":"区役所で手続きしなきゃ。","english":"I have to do the paperwork at the ward office."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kuyakusho de tetsuzuki o shinai to ikenai n desu.","ja":"区役所で手続きをしないといけないんです。","english":"I have to do the paperwork at the ward office."},"freqRank":2884,"score":3,"notes":"Goes with suru (tetsuzuki suru) and often with mendoukusai (a pain).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1116}],"stage":4,"range":"1114-1116","category":"Society and news"},{"id":"n-travel-1","label":"Ways to get around","rationale":"Say how you get somewhere: by train, bus, bike or taxi.","interference":"Basu (bus) also turns up as bath in loanwords like basutaoru.","items":[{"id":"w-densha","romaji":"densha","polite":null,"english":"train","use":"The everyday word for trains, including the subway.","ja":"電車","kana":"でんしゃ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"densha okureteru kara, chotto okureru.","ja":"電車遅れてるから、ちょっと遅れる。","english":"The train's delayed, so I'll be a bit late."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"densha ga okurete iru node, sukoshi okuremasu.","ja":"電車が遅れているので、少し遅れます。","english":"The train is delayed, so I'll be a little late."},"freqRank":2166,"score":5,"notes":"Get on is densha ni noru, get off is oriru. The bullet train is shinkansen.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1117},{"id":"w-basu","romaji":"basu","polite":null,"english":"bus","use":null,"ja":"バス","kana":"バス","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki made basu de ikou ka.","ja":"駅までバスで行こうか。","english":"Shall we take the bus to the station?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki made basu de ikimashou ka.","ja":"駅までバスで行きましょうか。","english":"Shall we take the bus to the station?"},"freqRank":2466,"score":4,"notes":"Basu also means bath in loanwords like basutaoru (bath towel); a bath itself is ofuro.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1118},{"id":"w-jitensha","romaji":"jitensha","polite":null,"english":"bicycle","use":null,"ja":"自転車","kana":"じてんしゃ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gakkou made jitensha de juppun gurai.","ja":"学校まで自転車で10分ぐらい。","english":"It's about ten minutes to school by bike."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gakkou made jitensha de juppun gurai desu.","ja":"学校まで自転車で10分ぐらいです。","english":"It's about ten minutes to school by bike."},"freqRank":2927,"score":4,"notes":"Casually called chari; a city bike with a basket is a mamachari.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1119},{"id":"w-takushii","romaji":"takushii","polite":null,"english":"taxi","use":null,"ja":"タクシー","kana":"タクシー","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou osoi shi, takushii de kaerou.","ja":"もう遅いし、タクシーで帰ろう。","english":"It's late, let's take a taxi home."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou osoi node, takushii de kaerimashou.","ja":"もう遅いので、タクシーで帰りましょう。","english":"It's late, so let's take a taxi home."},"freqRank":1987,"score":3,"notes":"Goes with noru (ride) and yobu (call): takushii o yobu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1120}],"stage":4,"range":"1117-1120","category":"Getting around"},{"id":"n-travel-6","label":"Traffic and crowds","rationale":"Describe lights, jams and packed trains on the way somewhere.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-shingou","romaji":"shingou","polite":null,"english":"traffic light","use":"Directions are given by them: tsugi no shingou (the next light).","ja":"信号","kana":"しんごう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"tsugi no shingou o migi ni magatte.","ja":"次の信号を右に曲がって。","english":"Turn right at the next light."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"tsugi no shingou o migi ni magatte kudasai.","ja":"次の信号を右に曲がってください。","english":"Please turn right at the next light."},"freqRank":6388,"score":3,"notes":"The green light is called ao (blue): shingou ga ao ni natta.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1121},{"id":"w-juutai","romaji":"juutai","polite":null,"english":"traffic jam","use":null,"ja":"渋滞","kana":"じゅうたい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"juutai de zenzen ugokanai.","ja":"渋滞で全然動かない。","english":"We're stuck in traffic, not moving at all."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"juutai de zenzen ugokimasen.","ja":"渋滞で全然動きません。","english":"We're stuck in traffic and not moving at all."},"freqRank":8673,"score":3,"notes":"Also juutai suru (be jammed): michi ga juutai shiteru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1122},{"id":"w-manin-densha","romaji":"man'in densha","polite":null,"english":"packed train","use":"The rush-hour train where you can't move; man'in alone means full to capacity.","ja":"満員電車","kana":"まんいんでんしゃ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"maiasa man'in densha de tsukareru yo.","ja":"毎朝満員電車で疲れるよ。","english":"The packed train every morning wears me out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"maiasa man'in densha de tsukaremasu.","ja":"毎朝満員電車で疲れます。","english":"The packed train every morning wears me out."},"freqRank":25193,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1123}],"stage":4,"range":"1121-1123","category":"Getting around"},{"id":"n-money-3","label":"Free and extras","rationale":"Say something costs nothing or comes as a bonus.","interference":"Tada is casual, muryou is what signs say; saabisu often means free, not service.","items":[{"id":"w-tada","romaji":"tada","polite":null,"english":"free (no charge)","use":"The casual word; muryou is what signs and staff say.","ja":"タダ","kana":"ただ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono ibento, tada de haireru n datte.","ja":"このイベント、タダで入れるんだって。","english":"Apparently you can get into this event for free."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono ibento wa tada de haireru sou desu.","ja":"このイベントはタダで入れるそうです。","english":"I hear you can get into this event for free."},"freqRank":3020,"score":4,"notes":"The same sound also means just or only: tada no tomodachi (just a friend).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1124},{"id":"w-muryou","romaji":"muryou","polite":null,"english":"free of charge","use":"The standard word on signs, menus and from staff; tada is the casual one.","ja":"無料","kana":"むりょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko no waifai, muryou da yo.","ja":"ここのWi-Fi、無料だよ。","english":"The Wi-Fi here is free."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko no waifai wa muryou desu.","ja":"ここのWi-Fiは無料です。","english":"The Wi-Fi here is free."},"freqRank":4607,"score":4,"notes":"The opposite is yuuryou (paid). Free refills read okawari muryou.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1125},{"id":"w-pointo","romaji":"pointo","polite":null,"english":"loyalty points; key point","use":"Store points come up at almost every till: pointo kaado wa omochi desu ka?","ja":"ポイント","kana":"ポイント","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"pointo tamatta kara, tada de kaeta.","ja":"ポイント貯まったから、タダで買えた。","english":"I'd saved up points, so I got it for free."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"pointo ga tamatta node, tada de kaemashita.","ja":"ポイントが貯まったので、タダで買えました。","english":"I'd saved up points, so I got it for free."},"freqRank":2464,"score":4,"notes":"Also the key part: koko ga pointo (this is what matters).","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1126},{"id":"w-saabisu","romaji":"saabisu","polite":null,"english":"service; something free, on the house","use":"In shops and restaurants it often means a freebie.","ja":"サービス","kana":"サービス","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono koohii, saabisu datte.","ja":"このコーヒー、サービスだって。","english":"They said this coffee's on the house."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono koohii wa saabisu da sou desu.","ja":"このコーヒーはサービスだそうです。","english":"I'm told this coffee is on the house."},"freqRank":2120,"score":3,"notes":"Staff say kore, saabisu desu (this one's on us). Saabisu zangyou is unpaid overtime.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1127}],"stage":4,"range":"1124-1127","category":"Money and shopping"},{"id":"n-money-2","label":"Shopping and prices","rationale":"Talk about going shopping, what things cost and getting them cheaper.","interference":"Seeru is a sale event, waribiki is a discount on an item.","items":[{"id":"w-kaimono","romaji":"kaimono","polite":null,"english":"shopping","use":"Both grocery runs and fun shopping; kaimono ni iku = go shopping.","ja":"買い物","kana":"かいもの","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto kaimono itte kuru ne.","ja":"ちょっと買い物行ってくるね。","english":"I'm just popping out to do some shopping."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto kaimono ni itte kimasu.","ja":"ちょっと買い物に行ってきます。","english":"I'm just going out to do some shopping."},"freqRank":1595,"score":4,"notes":"Kaimono suru also works.","listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":1128},{"id":"w-nedan","romaji":"nedan","polite":null,"english":"price","use":null,"ja":"値段","kana":"ねだん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore, nedan no wari ni oishii ne.","ja":"これ、値段の割においしいね。","english":"This is really good for the price."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa nedan no wari ni oishii desu ne.","ja":"これは値段の割においしいですね。","english":"This is really good for the price."},"freqRank":2953,"score":3,"notes":"To ask a price you just say ikura? Nedan ga takai / yasui = pricey / cheap.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1129},{"id":"w-shouhin","romaji":"shouhin","polite":null,"english":"product; item for sale","use":"Shop and business talk; for stuff you bought, people just say mono.","ja":"商品","kana":"しょうひん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono shouhin, mou urikire datte.","ja":"この商品、もう売り切れだって。","english":"They said this item's already sold out."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono shouhin wa mou urikire desu.","ja":"この商品はもう売り切れです。","english":"This item is already sold out."},"freqRank":2480,"score":3,"notes":"Shinshouhin (new product) is all over menus and packaging.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1130},{"id":"w-seeru","romaji":"seeru","polite":null,"english":"sale (discounts)","use":"A shop's bargain period; never 'sale' as in selling something.","ja":"セール","kana":"セール","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima seeru chuu da kara, yasui yo.","ja":"今セール中だから、安いよ。","english":"There's a sale on now, so it's cheap."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima seeru chuu na node, yasui desu yo.","ja":"今セール中なので、安いですよ。","english":"There's a sale on now, so it's cheap."},"freqRank":12263,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1131},{"id":"w-waribiki","romaji":"waribiki","polite":null,"english":"discount","use":"A set amount or percent off; gakusei waribiki = student discount.","ja":"割引","kana":"わりびき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gakuseishou misetara waribiki ni naru yo.","ja":"学生証見せたら割引になるよ。","english":"You get a discount if you show your student ID."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gakuseishou o miseru to waribiki ni narimasu.","ja":"学生証を見せると割引になります。","english":"You get a discount if you show your student ID."},"freqRank":13614,"score":3,"notes":"Percent off is counted in tenths: sanwaribiki = 30% off. A store-wide sale is a seeru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1132}],"stage":4,"range":"1128-1132","category":"Money and shopping"},{"id":"n-money-4","label":"Booking, ordering, paying","rationale":"Book a table, order, pay and split the bill.","interference":"Shiharai is the formal noun; with friends you use harau or warikan.","items":[{"id":"w-yoyaku-suru","romaji":"yoyaku suru","polite":"yoyaku shimasu","english":"book; reserve","use":"For restaurants, hotels, doctors, haircuts; the noun yoyaku is the booking itself.","ja":"予約する","kana":"よやくする","politeJa":"予約します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mise, shichiji ni yoyaku shitoita yo.","ja":"店、7時に予約しといたよ。","english":"I booked the restaurant for seven."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"omise, shichiji ni yoyaku shite okimashita.","ja":"お店、7時に予約しておきました。","english":"I've booked the restaurant for seven."},"freqRank":1814,"score":4,"notes":"On arrival you say yoyaku shita tanaka desu (I'm Tanaka, I have a booking).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1133},{"id":"w-chuumon-suru","romaji":"chuumon suru","polite":"chuumon shimasu","english":"order (food, goods)","use":"At a restaurant or online; the noun chuumon is the order itself.","ja":"注文する","kana":"ちゅうもんする","politeJa":"注文します","pos":"suru-verb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou nanika chuumon shita?","ja":"もう何か注文した？","english":"Have you ordered anything yet?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou nanika chuumon shimashita ka?","ja":"もう何か注文しましたか？","english":"Have you ordered anything yet?"},"freqRank":2177,"score":4,"notes":"Staff ask gochuumon wa okimari desu ka? (ready to order?). When ordering, people mostly just say X onegai shimasu.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1134},{"id":"w-shiharai","romaji":"shiharai","polite":null,"english":"payment; paying","use":"Common on bills and with shop staff; with friends you'd more often use the verb harau.","ja":"支払い","kana":"しはらい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"shiharai wa kaado de ii?","ja":"支払いはカードでいい？","english":"Okay if I pay by card?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"shiharai wa kaado de ii desu ka?","ja":"支払いはカードでいいですか？","english":"Can I pay by card?"},"freqRank":4412,"score":4,"notes":"Staff say oshiharai, as in oshiharai houhou wa? (how will you pay?).","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1135},{"id":"w-warikan","romaji":"warikan","polite":null,"english":"splitting the bill evenly","use":"The default among friends; warikan ni suru = split it.","ja":"割り勘","kana":"わりかん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa warikan ni shiyou.","ja":"今日は割り勘にしよう。","english":"Let's split the bill today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa warikan ni shimashou ka.","ja":"今日は割り勘にしましょうか。","english":"Shall we split the bill today?"},"freqRank":12038,"score":3,"notes":"The opposite is ogoru (to treat someone).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1136},{"id":"w-shakkin","romaji":"shakkin","polite":null,"english":"debt; borrowed money","use":"Money owed, to a bank or a person.","ja":"借金","kana":"しゃっきん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kare, kekkou shakkin aru rashii yo.","ja":"彼、結構借金あるらしいよ。","english":"Apparently he's got quite a lot of debt."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kare wa kekkou shakkin ga aru rashii desu.","ja":"彼は結構借金があるらしいです。","english":"Apparently he has quite a lot of debt."},"freqRank":1679,"score":3,"notes":"Shakkin suru = borrow money; shakkin o kaesu = pay it back. A small loan from a friend is just kariru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1137},{"id":"w-sagi","romaji":"sagi","polite":null,"english":"scam; fraud","use":null,"ja":"詐欺","kana":"さぎ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore, zettai sagi da yo.","ja":"それ、絶対詐欺だよ。","english":"That's definitely a scam."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore wa zettai sagi desu yo.","ja":"それは絶対詐欺ですよ。","english":"That's definitely a scam."},"freqRank":2996,"score":3,"notes":"Casually also for anything misleading: shashin sagi is a photo far better than the real thing.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1138}],"stage":4,"range":"1133-1138","category":"Money and shopping"},{"id":"n-money-1","label":"Paying at the till","rationale":"Handle the checkout: card or cash, change, receipt.","interference":"Reshiito is the till slip, not the formal ryoushuusho receipt.","items":[{"id":"w-kaado","romaji":"kaado","polite":null,"english":"card (credit, points, ID)","use":"At a till it usually means a credit card; kaado de = by card.","ja":"カード","kana":"カード","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko tte kaado tsukaeru kana?","ja":"ここってカード使えるかな？","english":"Do you think they take cards here?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kaado wa tsukaemasu ka?","ja":"カードは使えますか？","english":"Do you take cards?"},"freqRank":2450,"score":4,"notes":"The full word is kurejitto kaado.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1139},{"id":"w-genkin","romaji":"genkin","polite":null,"english":"cash","use":null,"ja":"現金","kana":"げんきん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko, genkin shika tsukaenai yo.","ja":"ここ、現金しか使えないよ。","english":"This place only takes cash."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa genkin shika tsukaemasen.","ja":"ここは現金しか使えません。","english":"This place only takes cash."},"freqRank":3434,"score":4,"notes":"Genkin na hito is someone who only helps when there's something in it for them.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1140},{"id":"w-otsuri","romaji":"otsuri","polite":null,"english":"change (money back)","use":null,"ja":"おつり","kana":"おつり","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"a, otsuri moratte nai kamo.","ja":"あ、おつりもらってないかも。","english":"Oh, I don't think I got my change."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, otsuri o moratte inai n desu ga.","ja":"すみません、おつりをもらっていないんですが。","english":"Excuse me, I didn't get my change."},"freqRank":7677,"score":4,"notes":"Staff hand it over saying otsuri desu. There's no tipping, so you always take it.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1141},{"id":"w-reji","romaji":"reji","polite":null,"english":"checkout; till","use":"Where you pay in any shop; reji bukuro is the plastic bag you get at the till.","ja":"レジ","kana":"レジ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"reji sugoi naranderu ne.","ja":"レジすごい並んでるね。","english":"There's a huge line at the checkout."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"reji ga sugoku konde imasu ne.","ja":"レジがすごく混んでいますね。","english":"The checkout is really busy."},"freqRank":8307,"score":4,"notes":"Serufu reji is a self-checkout.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1142},{"id":"w-reshiito","romaji":"reshiito","polite":null,"english":"receipt","use":"The till slip; a formal receipt for expenses is a ryoushuusho.","ja":"レシート","kana":"レシート","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"reshiito mada aru? henpin shitai n da.","ja":"レシートまだある？返品したいんだ。","english":"Do you still have the receipt? I want to return it."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"reshiito wa mada arimasu ka? henpin shitai n desu.","ja":"レシートはまだありますか？返品したいんです。","english":"Do you still have the receipt? I'd like to return it."},"freqRank":11151,"score":4,"notes":"To decline one at the till, say reshiito wa ii desu.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1143}],"stage":4,"range":"1139-1143","category":"Money and shopping"},{"id":"n-fun-7","label":"Computer and charging","rationale":"Handle everyday device trouble: battery, charger, wifi, screen.","interference":"Juuden is the charge; juudenki is the charger.","items":[{"id":"w-pasokon","romaji":"pasokon","polite":null,"english":"computer; PC; laptop","use":null,"ja":"パソコン","kana":"パソコン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"pasokon katamatchatta.","ja":"パソコン固まっちゃった。","english":"My computer froze."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"pasokon ga katamatte shimaimashita.","ja":"パソコンが固まってしまいました。","english":"My computer has frozen."},"freqRank":2297,"score":4,"notes":"Short for paasonaru konpyuutaa; a laptop is a nooto pasokon.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1144},{"id":"w-juuden","romaji":"juuden","polite":null,"english":"battery charge; charging","use":"Also the battery level itself: juuden ga nai = my battery's dead.","ja":"充電","kana":"じゅうでん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"yabai, juuden ga mou nai.","ja":"やばい、充電がもうない。","english":"Oh no, my battery's almost dead."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sumimasen, juuden ga mou nai n desu.","ja":"すみません、充電がもうないんです。","english":"Sorry, my battery's nearly dead."},"freqRank":7708,"score":4,"notes":"Juuden suru = to charge; juudengire = out of battery.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1145},{"id":"w-juudenki","romaji":"juudenki","polite":null,"english":"charger","use":null,"ja":"充電器","kana":"じゅうでんき","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"juudenki kashite kurenai?","ja":"充電器貸してくれない？","english":"Can you lend me a charger?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"juudenki o kashite moraemasen ka?","ja":"充電器を貸してもらえませんか？","english":"Could I borrow a charger?"},"freqRank":21014,"score":3,"notes":"Juuden is the charge; juudenki is the cable or plug that gives it.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1146},{"id":"w-waifai","romaji":"waifai","polite":null,"english":"wifi","use":null,"ja":"Wi-Fi","kana":"ワイファイ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko waifai aru?","ja":"ここWi-Fiある？","english":"Is there wifi here?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko wa waifai ga arimasu ka?","ja":"ここはWi-Fiがありますか？","english":"Do you have wifi here?"},"freqRank":39624,"score":4,"notes":"Connecting is tsunagaru: waifai ga tsunagaranai = the wifi won't connect.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1147},{"id":"w-gamen","romaji":"gamen","polite":null,"english":"screen; display","use":null,"ja":"画面","kana":"がめん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gamen waretchatta.","ja":"画面割れちゃった。","english":"My screen cracked."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gamen ga warete shimaimashita.","ja":"画面が割れてしまいました。","english":"My screen has cracked."},"freqRank":5877,"score":3,"notes":"A device's screen; a cinema screen is sukuriin.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1148}],"stage":4,"range":"1144-1148","category":"Free time and tech"},{"id":"n-things-6","label":"Over, within, except","rationale":"Put limits on amounts and times, and leave things out.","interference":"Igai (except) sounds like igai (surprising); ijou and inai include the number.","items":[{"id":"w-ijou","romaji":"ijou","polite":null,"english":"or more; over; that's all","use":"After a number it includes the number: juunin ijou = ten or more people.","ja":"以上","kana":"いじょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ichijikan ijou matta yo.","ja":"一時間以上待ったよ。","english":"I waited over an hour."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ichijikan ijou machimashita.","ja":"一時間以上待ちました。","english":"I waited more than an hour."},"freqRank":349,"score":4,"notes":"Ending a talk or an order, ijou desu = 'that's all'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1149},{"id":"w-igai","romaji":"igai","polite":null,"english":"except; other than; besides","use":null,"ja":"以外","kana":"いがい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"niku igai nara nan demo ii yo.","ja":"肉以外ならなんでもいいよ。","english":"Anything's fine except meat."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"niku igai nara nan demo ii desu.","ja":"肉以外ならなんでもいいです。","english":"Anything but meat is fine."},"freqRank":492,"score":4,"notes":"Sounds the same as igai (surprising); context tells them apart.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1150},{"id":"w-inai","romaji":"inai","polite":null,"english":"within (a time, number or distance)","use":null,"ja":"以内","kana":"いない","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"juppun inai ni tsuku yo.","ja":"十分以内に着くよ。","english":"I'll be there within ten minutes."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"juppun inai ni tsukimasu.","ja":"十分以内に着きます。","english":"I'll arrive within ten minutes."},"freqRank":2546,"score":3,"notes":"Includes the number: mikka inai = in three days or less. Sounds like inai (isn't here).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1151},{"id":"w-teido","romaji":"teido","polite":null,"english":"degree; extent; about (after an amount)","use":"After an amount it means 'about': sanjuppun teido = about thirty minutes.","ja":"程度","kana":"ていど","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"aru teido wa wakaru yo.","ja":"ある程度はわかるよ。","english":"I understand it to some extent."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"aru teido wa wakarimasu.","ja":"ある程度はわかります。","english":"I understand it up to a point."},"freqRank":1368,"score":3,"notes":"Aru teido = to some extent. Gurai is the casual 'about'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1152}],"stage":4,"range":"1149-1152","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-1","label":"Both, each, everything","rationale":"Say both, each and all of something.","interference":"Ryouhou is only for two; zentai is the whole as one, subete every part of it.","items":[{"id":"w-ryouhou","romaji":"ryouhou","polite":null,"english":"both","use":null,"ja":"両方","kana":"りょうほう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"dotchi mo ii kara, ryouhou kau.","ja":"どっちもいいから、両方買う。","english":"They're both nice, so I'll buy both."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"dochira mo ii node, ryouhou kaimasu.","ja":"どちらもいいので、両方買います。","english":"They're both nice, so I'll take both."},"freqRank":2475,"score":4,"notes":"Only for two things; for three or more use zenbu.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1153},{"id":"w-sorezore","romaji":"sorezore","polite":null,"english":"each; each one; respectively","use":"Stresses that each person or thing is separate or different.","ja":"それぞれ","kana":"それぞれ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"minna sorezore chigau kara ne.","ja":"みんなそれぞれ違うからね。","english":"Everyone's different, you know."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"minna sorezore chigaimasu kara ne.","ja":"みんなそれぞれ違いますからね。","english":"Everyone is different, after all."},"freqRank":1206,"score":4,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1154},{"id":"w-subete","romaji":"subete","polite":null,"english":"all; everything","use":"Sounds a bit serious or written; in everyday talk zenbu is more usual.","ja":"全て","kana":"すべて","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"okane ga subete ja nai yo.","ja":"お金が全てじゃないよ。","english":"Money isn't everything."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"okane ga subete ja arimasen yo.","ja":"お金が全てじゃありませんよ。","english":"Money isn't everything."},"freqRank":732,"score":3,"notes":"Also works as an adverb: subete owatta = it's all done.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1155},{"id":"w-nanimo-kamo","romaji":"nanimo kamo","polite":null,"english":"everything; all of it","use":"An emotional 'everything', often when it all goes wrong or you're fed up.","ja":"何もかも","kana":"なにもかも","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou nanimo kamo iya ni natta.","ja":"もう何もかも嫌になった。","english":"I'm sick of everything."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou nanimo kamo iya ni narimashita.","ja":"もう何もかも嫌になりました。","english":"I've had enough of everything."},"freqRank":1773,"score":3,"notes":"Not nanimo alone, which takes a negative and means 'nothing'.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1156},{"id":"w-zentai","romaji":"zentai","polite":null,"english":"the whole; overall","use":"Something seen as one whole; zentaiteki ni = overall, on the whole.","ja":"全体","kana":"ぜんたい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zentaiteki ni wa yokatta yo.","ja":"全体的にはよかったよ。","english":"Overall it was good."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"zentaiteki ni wa yokatta desu.","ja":"全体的にはよかったです。","english":"On the whole, it was good."},"freqRank":2331,"score":3,"notes":"Zenbu counts every item; zentai looks at the whole as one.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1157}],"stage":4,"range":"1153-1157","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-5","label":"Letters and numbers","rationale":"Talk about writing, signatures, figures and how many.","interference":"Ji and moji overlap; kazu is how many, suuji is the figure itself.","items":[{"id":"w-ji","romaji":"ji","polite":null,"english":"written character, letter; handwriting","use":"Often means someone's handwriting: ji ga kirei = neat handwriting.","ja":"字","kana":"じ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ji ga chiisakute yomenai.","ja":"字が小さくて読めない。","english":"The writing's too small to read."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ji ga chiisakute yomemasen.","ja":"字が小さくて読めません。","english":"The writing is too small for me to read."},"freqRank":2167,"score":3,"notes":"Kanji and kana are both ji.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1158},{"id":"w-moji","romaji":"moji","polite":null,"english":"letter; character; text","use":"A written character in any script, or text on a screen.","ja":"文字","kana":"もじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono moji, nante yomu no?","ja":"この文字、なんて読むの？","english":"How do you read this character?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono moji wa nan to yomu n desu ka?","ja":"この文字は何と読むんですか？","english":"How is this character read?"},"freqRank":2541,"score":3,"notes":"Overlaps with ji, but moji never means handwriting.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1159},{"id":"w-suuji","romaji":"suuji","polite":null,"english":"number (the figure); figures; digits","use":"The number as written or as data, not how many there are.","ja":"数字","kana":"すうじ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono suuji, machigatte nai?","ja":"この数字、間違ってない？","english":"Isn't this number wrong?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono suuji, machigatte imasen ka?","ja":"この数字、間違っていませんか？","english":"Isn't this figure wrong?"},"freqRank":2570,"score":3,"notes":"For 'how many' use kazu; suuji is the figure itself.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1160},{"id":"w-kazu","romaji":"kazu","polite":null,"english":"number (of things); count","use":"How many there are: kazu ga ooi = there are a lot.","ja":"数","kana":"かず","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"isu no kazu ga tarinai yo.","ja":"椅子の数が足りないよ。","english":"There aren't enough chairs."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"isu no kazu ga tarimasen.","ja":"椅子の数が足りません。","english":"We don't have enough chairs."},"freqRank":1563,"score":3,"notes":"Kazoeru (to count) comes from the same root.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1161},{"id":"w-sain","romaji":"sain","polite":null,"english":"signature; autograph; signal","use":"Sain suru = to sign; also a signal someone gives you.","ja":"サイン","kana":"サイン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"koko ni sain shite kureru?","ja":"ここにサインしてくれる？","english":"Can you sign here?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"koko ni sain o onegai shimasu.","ja":"ここにサインをお願いします。","english":"Please sign here."},"freqRank":1744,"score":3,"notes":"A shop or road sign is kanban or hyoushiki, not sain.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1162}],"stage":4,"range":"1158-1162","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-9","label":"Where and which way","rationale":"Ask and say where something is and which way to go.","interference":"Ichi (position) sounds exactly like ichi (one).","items":[{"id":"w-houkou","romaji":"houkou","polite":null,"english":"direction; way","use":null,"ja":"方向","kana":"ほうこう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"eki wa dotchi no houkou?","ja":"駅はどっちの方向？","english":"Which way is the station?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"eki wa dochira no houkou desu ka?","ja":"駅はどちらの方向ですか？","english":"Which direction is the station?"},"freqRank":1916,"score":3,"notes":"Houkou onchi = someone with no sense of direction.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1163},{"id":"w-ichi","romaji":"ichi","polite":null,"english":"position; location; place","use":"Exactly where something is, as on a map or in a lineup.","ja":"位置","kana":"いち","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ima no ichi, okutte kureru?","ja":"今の位置、送ってくれる？","english":"Can you send me your location?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ima no ichi o okutte moraemasu ka?","ja":"今の位置を送ってもらえますか？","english":"Could you send me your current location?"},"freqRank":2597,"score":3,"notes":"Same sounds as ichi (one); pitch and context tell them apart.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1164},{"id":"w-chuushin","romaji":"chuushin","polite":null,"english":"centre; middle; core","use":"The centre point, or the main focus: X o chuushin ni = centred on X.","ja":"中心","kana":"ちゅうしん","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"machi no chuushin ni sunderu.","ja":"町の中心に住んでる。","english":"I live right in the centre of town."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"machi no chuushin ni sunde imasu.","ja":"町の中心に住んでいます。","english":"I live in the centre of town."},"freqRank":2322,"score":3,"notes":"Mannaka is the everyday 'middle'; chuushin also means the main part.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1165}],"stage":4,"range":"1163-1165","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-8","label":"Top, biggest, only","rationale":"Talk about the best, the biggest, huge amounts and the only one.","interference":"Saidai is the biggest single thing; tairyou is a big amount.","items":[{"id":"w-toppu","romaji":"toppu","polite":null,"english":"top; first place; the head (of a group)","use":null,"ja":"トップ","kana":"トップ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo, kurasu de toppu nan da yo.","ja":"彼女、クラスでトップなんだよ。","english":"She's top of the class."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo wa kurasu de toppu nan desu yo.","ja":"彼女はクラスでトップなんですよ。","english":"She's top of her class."},"freqRank":2314,"score":3,"notes":"Rank or leader; the physical top of a thing is ue.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1166},{"id":"w-saidai","romaji":"saidai","polite":null,"english":"biggest; largest; maximum","use":"Usually before a noun with no: saidai no mondai = the biggest problem.","ja":"最大","kana":"さいだい","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore ga saidai no mondai da yo.","ja":"それが最大の問題だよ。","english":"That's the biggest problem."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sore ga saidai no mondai desu.","ja":"それが最大の問題です。","english":"That's the biggest problem."},"freqRank":2364,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite: saishou (smallest, minimum).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1167},{"id":"w-tairyou","romaji":"tairyou","polite":null,"english":"a large amount; loads; in bulk","use":"Usually tairyou ni (in huge amounts) or tairyou no (a huge amount of).","ja":"大量","kana":"たいりょう","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"meeru ga tairyou ni kiteru.","ja":"メールが大量に来てる。","english":"I've got a ton of emails."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"meeru ga tairyou ni kite imasu.","ja":"メールが大量に来ています。","english":"A huge number of emails have come in."},"freqRank":2584,"score":3,"notes":"Everyday talk often uses ippai instead.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1168},{"id":"w-yuiitsu","romaji":"yuiitsu","polite":null,"english":"the only (one); sole","use":"Usually before a noun with no: yuiitsu no tomodachi = my only friend.","ja":"唯一","kana":"ゆいいつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore ga yuiitsu no shumi nan da.","ja":"これが唯一の趣味なんだ。","english":"This is my only hobby."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore ga yuiitsu no shumi nan desu.","ja":"これが唯一の趣味なんです。","english":"This is my one and only hobby."},"freqRank":1635,"score":3,"notes":"Sounds a bit weighty; dake (only) is the everyday way.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1169}],"stage":4,"range":"1166-1169","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"n-things-11","label":"Size, look and limits","rationale":"Lets you talk about size and look when choosing things, and set a limit like 'under 1,000 yen'.","interference":"Saizu (clothes and shop sizes) vs ookisa (how big); ika (or less) vs ijou (or more).","items":[{"id":"w-ookisa","romaji":"ookisa","polite":null,"english":"size; how big","use":"-sa turns an adjective into a 'how much' noun: ookii (big) becomes ookisa (size).","ja":"大きさ","kana":"おおきさ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"choudo ii ookisa da ne.","ja":"ちょうどいい大きさだね。","english":"It's just the right size."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"choudo ii ookisa desu ne.","ja":"ちょうどいい大きさですね。","english":"It's just the right size."},"freqRank":3297,"score":4,"notes":"Saizu is for clothes and shop sizes; ookisa is how big anything is.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1170},{"id":"w-saizu","romaji":"saizu","polite":null,"english":"size (clothes, shoes, products)","use":"The shop word for S, M, L and shoe sizes.","ja":"サイズ","kana":"サイズ","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kutsu, saizu ga awanai.","ja":"この靴、サイズが合わない。","english":"These shoes are the wrong size."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kutsu wa saizu ga aimasen.","ja":"この靴はサイズが合いません。","english":"These shoes are the wrong size."},"freqRank":3308,"score":3,"notes":"Usually with au (fit): saizu ga au / awanai.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1171},{"id":"w-dezain","romaji":"dezain","polite":null,"english":"design; look (of a thing)","use":"Often just means how something looks: 'dezain ga kawaii' = it looks cute.","ja":"デザイン","kana":"デザイン","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono kutsu, dezain ga ii ne.","ja":"この靴、デザインがいいね。","english":"I like the look of these shoes."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono kutsu wa dezain ga ii desu ne.","ja":"この靴はデザインがいいですね。","english":"These shoes have a nice design."},"freqRank":2823,"score":3,"notes":"Dezain suru = to design.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1172},{"id":"w-ika","romaji":"ika","polite":null,"english":"or less; or under; below","use":"Goes after a number and includes it: 'sen'en ika' = 1,000 yen or less.","ja":"以下","kana":"いか","politeJa":null,"pos":"noun","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sen'en ika no purezento ni shiyou.","ja":"千円以下のプレゼントにしよう。","english":"Let's keep presents to 1,000 yen or less."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"sen'en ika no purezento ni shimashou.","ja":"千円以下のプレゼントにしましょう。","english":"Let's keep presents to 1,000 yen or less."},"freqRank":2734,"score":3,"notes":"Opposite is ijou (or more). Also 'the following' in announcements and writing.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1173}],"stage":4,"range":"1170-1173","category":"Things, kinds and amounts"},{"id":"a-people-7","label":"Calm and careful","rationale":"Lets you describe how calmly, carefully or eagerly someone works.","interference":"Teinei (careful, polite) vs shinchou (cautious before deciding); shinchou also means height.","items":[{"id":"w-reisei","romaji":"reisei","polite":"reisei desu","english":"calm; level-headed; cool under pressure","use":"Often reisei ni: 'reisei ni natte' = calm down and think straight.","ja":"冷静","kana":"れいせい","politeJa":"冷静です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"chotto matte, reisei ni natte yo.","ja":"ちょっと待って、冷静になってよ。","english":"Hold on, calm down."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"chotto matte, reisei ni natte kudasai.","ja":"ちょっと待って、冷静になってください。","english":"Hold on, please calm down."},"freqRank":2108,"score":3,"notes":"Ochitsuite is the everyday 'calm down'; reisei is about thinking clearly.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1174},{"id":"w-shinchou","romaji":"shinchou","polite":"shinchou desu","english":"careful; cautious","use":"Usually shinchou ni: think it through before you decide or act.","ja":"慎重","kana":"しんちょう","politeJa":"慎重です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kore wa shinchou ni kimeta hou ga ii yo.","ja":"これは慎重に決めたほうがいいよ。","english":"You should decide this one carefully."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kore wa shinchou ni kimeta hou ga ii desu yo.","ja":"これは慎重に決めたほうがいいですよ。","english":"You should decide this one carefully."},"freqRank":2381,"score":3,"notes":"Same sound as shinchou (height). Ki o tsukete is the everyday 'be careful'.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1175},{"id":"w-teinei","romaji":"teinei","polite":"teinei desu","english":"polite; careful; thorough","use":"For courteous manners and careful work: 'teinei na setsumei' = a careful explanation.","ja":"丁寧","kana":"ていねい","politeJa":"丁寧です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano mise, setsumei ga sugoku teinei datta yo.","ja":"あの店、説明がすごく丁寧だったよ。","english":"That shop explained everything really carefully."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano mise wa setsumei ga totemo teinei deshita.","ja":"あの店は説明がとても丁寧でした。","english":"That shop explained everything very carefully."},"freqRank":2816,"score":3,"notes":"Teinei ni = carefully, gently. Teineigo = polite desu/masu speech.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1176},{"id":"w-nesshin","romaji":"nesshin","polite":"nesshin desu","english":"eager; keen; dedicated","use":"Usually nesshin ni + verb: 'nesshin ni benkyou suru' = study hard.","ja":"熱心","kana":"ねっしん","politeJa":"熱心です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ano ko, honto ni nesshin ni renshuu shiteru ne.","ja":"あの子、ほんとに熱心に練習してるね。","english":"That kid really practises hard."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ano ko wa hontou ni nesshin ni renshuu shite imasu ne.","ja":"あの子は本当に熱心に練習していますね。","english":"That child really practises hard."},"freqRank":2933,"score":3,"notes":"Nesshin na fan = a devoted fan. A little more formal than ganbatteru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1177}],"stage":4,"range":"1174-1177","category":"Adjectives: people"},{"id":"a-things-15","label":"Formal and work words","rationale":"Follow polite staff talk and give views at work.","interference":"Yoroshii is not 'yoroshiku'.","items":[{"id":"w-yoroshii","romaji":"yoroshii","polite":null,"english":"all right, fine (polite 'ii')","use":"Staff and hosts ask 'Yoroshii desu ka?' (Is that all right? / May I?).","ja":"よろしい","kana":"よろしい","politeJa":null,"pos":"i-adj","flags":["formal"],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kochira no seki de yoroshii desu ka?","ja":"こちらの席でよろしいですか。","english":"Is this seat all right for you?"},"examplePolite":null,"freqRank":802,"score":3,"notes":"Not 'yoroshiku' (please treat me well). From a boss or parent, a bare 'Yoroshii' sounds stiff and superior.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1178},{"id":"w-seishiki","romaji":"seishiki","polite":"seishiki desu","english":"official, formal","use":"Usually 'seishiki ni' (officially) or 'seishiki na' before a noun.","ja":"正式","kana":"せいしき","politeJa":"正式です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mada seishiki ni kimatta wake ja nai yo.","ja":"まだ正式に決まったわけじゃないよ。","english":"It's not officially decided yet."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mada seishiki ni wa kimatte imasen.","ja":"まだ正式には決まっていません。","english":"It hasn't been officially decided yet."},"freqRank":1889,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1179},{"id":"w-kanou","romaji":"kanou","polite":"kanou desu","english":"possible","use":"Sounds formal; everyday talk uses 'dekiru' instead.","ja":"可能","kana":"かのう","politeJa":"可能です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"sore tte, honto ni kanou na no?","ja":"それって、ほんとに可能なの？","english":"Is that even possible?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyoujuu ni kanou desu ka?","ja":"今日中に可能ですか。","english":"Is it possible by the end of today?"},"freqRank":2011,"score":3,"notes":"'Kanousei' means possibility, chance.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1180},{"id":"w-gutaiteki","romaji":"gutaiteki","polite":"gutaiteki desu","english":"concrete, specific","use":"Mostly 'gutaiteki ni' (specifically); 'Gutaiteki ni wa?' asks 'Like what, exactly?'","ja":"具体的","kana":"ぐたいてき","politeJa":"具体的です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"gutaiteki ni nani ga dame na no?","ja":"具体的に何がだめなの？","english":"What exactly is wrong with it?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"gutaiteki ni nani ga dame na n desu ka?","ja":"具体的に何がだめなんですか。","english":"What specifically is the problem?"},"freqRank":2399,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1181},{"id":"w-kojinteki","romaji":"kojinteki","polite":"kojinteki desu","english":"personal; personally","use":"'Kojinteki ni wa' (personally, for me) softens an opinion.","ja":"個人的","kana":"こじんてき","politeJa":"個人的です","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kojinteki ni wa, kotchi no hou ga suki.","ja":"個人的には、こっちの方が好き。","english":"Personally, I like this one better."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kojinteki ni wa, kochira no hou ga suki desu.","ja":"個人的には、こちらの方が好きです。","english":"Personally, I prefer this one."},"freqRank":2508,"score":3,"notes":null,"listLinks":[],"cv":4,"focus":true,"n":1182}],"stage":4,"range":"1178-1182","category":"Adjectives: things and situations"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-9","label":"How well it's done","rationale":"Lets you say how well, how roughly or how steadily something is done.","interference":"None.","items":[{"id":"w-zatto","romaji":"zatto","polite":null,"english":"roughly; quickly, briefly","use":"For a quick once-over (zatto miru) or a ballpark figure.","ja":"ざっと","kana":"ざっと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"zatto me o tooshite oite.","ja":"ざっと目を通しておいて。","english":"Give it a quick look-over."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"zatto me o tooshite oite kudasai.","ja":"ざっと目を通しておいてください。","english":"Please give it a quick look-over."},"freqRank":6894,"score":3,"notes":"With numbers it means 'about': zatto sanjuu nin (roughly thirty people).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1183},{"id":"w-perapera","romaji":"perapera","polite":"perapera desu","english":"fluent (speaking)","use":"Usually X-go ga perapera (fluent in a language).","ja":"ペラペラ","kana":"ぺらぺら","politeJa":"ペラペラです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kanojo, eigo perapera da yo ne.","ja":"彼女、英語ペラペラだよね。","english":"She speaks fluent English, doesn't she?"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kanojo wa eigo ga perapera desu ne.","ja":"彼女は英語がペラペラですね。","english":"Her English is fluent, isn't it."},"freqRank":7733,"score":3,"notes":"Also talking too much or blabbing secrets (perapera shaberu), and thin flimsy paper.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":true,"n":1184},{"id":"w-kotsukotsu","romaji":"kotsukotsu","polite":null,"english":"steadily; bit by bit","use":"For patient, unglamorous effort over time, like saving or studying.","ja":"コツコツ","kana":"こつこつ","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mainichi kotsukotsu benkyou shiteru n da.","ja":"毎日コツコツ勉強してるんだ。","english":"I study a little bit every day."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mainichi kotsukotsu benkyou shite imasu.","ja":"毎日コツコツ勉強しています。","english":"I study a little bit every day."},"freqRank":8083,"score":3,"notes":"Also the sound of tapping or heels on a hard floor.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1185}],"stage":4,"range":"1183-1185","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-10","label":"Empty, packed, messy","rationale":"Lets you describe crowded, empty and messy places.","interference":"Gyutto (squeeze tight) vs gyuugyuu (packed full).","items":[{"id":"w-garagara","romaji":"garagara","polite":"garagara desu","english":"nearly empty (place); hoarse (voice)","use":"For trains, shops or roads with hardly anyone in them.","ja":"ガラガラ","kana":"がらがら","politeJa":"ガラガラです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou no densha, garagara datta ne.","ja":"今日の電車、ガラガラだったね。","english":"The train was nearly empty today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou no densha wa garagara deshita ne.","ja":"今日の電車はガラガラでしたね。","english":"The train was nearly empty today."},"freqRank":10460,"score":3,"notes":"Also a hoarse voice (koe ga garagara) and a rattling sound, like a sliding door. Opposite: gyuugyuu or konde iru.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1186},{"id":"w-guchagucha","romaji":"guchagucha","polite":"guchagucha desu","english":"messy, jumbled; mushy","use":"For a room, hair or thoughts in a mess, or food gone soggy.","ja":"ぐちゃぐちゃ","kana":"ぐちゃぐちゃ","politeJa":"ぐちゃぐちゃです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"heya ga guchagucha da yo.","ja":"部屋がぐちゃぐちゃだよ。","english":"The room's a total mess."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"heya ga guchagucha de sumimasen.","ja":"部屋がぐちゃぐちゃですみません。","english":"Sorry the room's such a mess."},"freqRank":10526,"score":3,"notes":"Feelings too: atama no naka ga guchagucha (my head's a mess). Close to mechakucha.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1187},{"id":"w-gyutto","romaji":"gyutto","polite":null,"english":"tightly, firmly","use":"With squeezing or holding verbs: gyutto dakishimeru (hug tight), gyutto nigiru (grip tight).","ja":"ぎゅっと","kana":"ぎゅっと","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"te o gyutto nigitte kureta.","ja":"手をぎゅっと握ってくれた。","english":"She squeezed my hand tight."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"te o gyutto nigitte kuremashita.","ja":"手をぎゅっと握ってくれました。","english":"She squeezed my hand tight."},"freqRank":17314,"score":3,"notes":"Gyuu alone is a hug in casual talk (gyuu shite = hug me).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1188},{"id":"w-gyuugyuu","romaji":"gyuugyuu","polite":"gyuugyuu desu","english":"packed tight, crammed","use":"For a train, bag or schedule crammed full.","ja":"ぎゅうぎゅう","kana":"ぎゅうぎゅう","politeJa":"ぎゅうぎゅうです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"asa no densha, gyuugyuu da yo.","ja":"朝の電車、ぎゅうぎゅうだよ。","english":"The morning train is packed."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"asa no densha wa gyuugyuu desu ne.","ja":"朝の電車はぎゅうぎゅうですね。","english":"The morning train is packed, isn't it."},"freqRank":25547,"score":3,"notes":"Gyuugyuu zume = crammed in like sardines.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1189}],"stage":4,"range":"1186-1189","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-11","label":"Food textures","rationale":"Lets you praise food by its texture.","interference":"Sakusaku is light and airy-crisp, paripari thin and snappy.","items":[{"id":"w-fuwafuwa","romaji":"fuwafuwa","polite":"fuwafuwa desu","english":"fluffy, soft; floaty","use":"Praise for fluffy food, hair, towels or bedding.","ja":"ふわふわ","kana":"ふわふわ","politeJa":"ふわふわです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono pankeeki, fuwafuwa da ne!","ja":"このパンケーキ、ふわふわだね!","english":"This pancake is so fluffy!"},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono pankeeki, fuwafuwa desu ne!","ja":"このパンケーキ、ふわふわですね!","english":"This pancake is so fluffy!"},"freqRank":9164,"score":3,"notes":"Also floating, or a dreamy, light-headed mood (fuwafuwa suru).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1190},{"id":"w-sakusaku","romaji":"sakusaku","polite":"sakusaku desu","english":"light and crispy; quickly and smoothly","use":"For light, crisp food like tempura or cookies.","ja":"サクサク","kana":"さくさく","politeJa":"サクサクです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono tenpura, sakusaku de oishii.","ja":"この天ぷら、サクサクでおいしい。","english":"This tempura is nice and crispy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono tenpura wa sakusaku de oishii desu.","ja":"この天ぷらはサクサクでおいしいです。","english":"This tempura is nice and crispy."},"freqRank":13896,"score":3,"notes":"Second sense: things moving fast and smoothly, like work (shigoto ga sakusaku susumu) or an app.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1191},{"id":"w-mochimochi","romaji":"mochimochi","polite":"mochimochi desu","english":"chewy, springy","use":"Praise for soft, bouncy food like mochi, bread or noodles.","ja":"もちもち","kana":"もちもち","politeJa":"もちもちです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kono udon, mochimochi de oishii ne.","ja":"このうどん、もちもちでおいしいね。","english":"These udon are nice and chewy."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kono udon wa mochimochi de oishii desu ne.","ja":"このうどんはもちもちでおいしいですね。","english":"These udon are nice and chewy."},"freqRank":14736,"score":3,"notes":"Always a compliment, unlike English 'chewy'. Also soft, plump skin: mochimochi hada.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1192},{"id":"w-kotteri","romaji":"kotteri","polite":null,"english":"rich, heavy (food)","use":"Usually kotteri shita: rich, oily or thick flavour, like ramen broth.","ja":"こってり","kana":"こってり","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kyou wa kotteri shita raamen ga tabetai.","ja":"今日はこってりしたラーメンが食べたい。","english":"I want some rich, heavy ramen today."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kyou wa kotteri shita raamen ga tabetai desu.","ja":"今日はこってりしたラーメンが食べたいです。","english":"I'd like some rich, heavy ramen today."},"freqRank":20087,"score":3,"notes":"The opposite is assari (light, plain). Kotteri shiborareta = got a real chewing out.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1193},{"id":"w-paripari","romaji":"paripari","polite":"paripari desu","english":"crisp, crunchy","use":"For thin, crackly things: seaweed, chips, fresh lettuce, crisp chicken skin.","ja":"パリパリ","kana":"ぱりぱり","politeJa":"パリパリです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nori ga paripari de oishii.","ja":"海苔がパリパリでおいしい。","english":"The seaweed's nice and crisp."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nori ga paripari de oishii desu.","ja":"海苔がパリパリでおいしいです。","english":"The seaweed's nice and crisp."},"freqRank":21739,"score":3,"notes":"Sakusaku is light and airy; paripari is thin and snappy; a hard crunch is karikari.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1194}],"stage":4,"range":"1190-1194","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-5","label":"Hunger, thirst and aches","rationale":"Lets you describe hunger, thirst, nausea, pain and shivering.","interference":"Karakara (parched) vs garagara (nearly empty).","items":[{"id":"w-pekopeko","romaji":"pekopeko","polite":"pekopeko desu","english":"starving (hungry); bowing again and again","use":"Almost always onaka ga pekopeko (I'm starving).","ja":"ペコペコ","kana":"ぺこぺこ","politeJa":"ペコペコです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"mou onaka pekopeko da yo.","ja":"もうお腹ペコペコだよ。","english":"I'm already starving."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"mou onaka ga pekopeko desu.","ja":"もうお腹がペコペコです。","english":"I'm already starving."},"freqRank":11107,"score":3,"notes":"Pekopeko suru = bow repeatedly, often meaning to grovel.","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1195},{"id":"w-karakara","romaji":"karakara","polite":"karakara desu","english":"parched; bone-dry","use":"Usually nodo ga karakara (my throat's parched); also dry air or weather.","ja":"カラカラ","kana":"からから","politeJa":"カラカラです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nodo karakara, nanka nomou.","ja":"喉カラカラ、なんか飲もう。","english":"I'm parched, let's get something to drink."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nodo ga karakara desu. nani ka nomimashou.","ja":"喉がカラカラです。何か飲みましょう。","english":"I'm parched. Let's get something to drink."},"freqRank":19346,"score":3,"notes":"Also a rattling sound, and karakara warau (laugh heartily). A nearly empty place is garagara.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1196},{"id":"w-mukamuka","romaji":"mukamuka","polite":null,"english":"queasy, sick to your stomach; seething (angry)","use":"Usually mukamuka suru, for nausea or for anger building up.","ja":"ムカムカ","kana":"むかむか","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"nomisugite, mune ga mukamuka suru.","ja":"飲みすぎて、胸がムカムカする。","english":"I drank too much and I feel sick."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"nomisugite, mune ga mukamuka shimasu.","ja":"飲みすぎて、胸がムカムカします。","english":"I drank too much and I feel sick."},"freqRank":21184,"score":3,"notes":"Anger sense: kao o miru dake de mukamuka suru (just seeing his face makes me mad). Related: mukatsuku (to get pissed off).","listLinks":[],"cv":3,"focus":false,"n":1197},{"id":"w-zukizuki","romaji":"zukizuki","polite":null,"english":"throbbing (pain)","use":"Usually X ga zukizuki suru, for a headache, toothache or wound.","ja":"ズキズキ","kana":"ずきずき","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"asa kara atama ga zukizuki suru n da.","ja":"朝から頭がズキズキするんだ。","english":"My head's been throbbing since this morning."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"asa kara atama ga zukizuki suru n desu.","ja":"朝から頭がズキズキするんです。","english":"My head's been throbbing since this morning."},"freqRank":35046,"score":3,"notes":"Handy at a clinic; a sharp stabbing pain is kirikiri, a dull ache shikushiku.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1198},{"id":"w-buruburu","romaji":"buruburu","polite":null,"english":"shivering; trembling","use":"Shaking from cold or fear, often buruburu furueru.","ja":"ぶるぶる","kana":"ぶるぶる","politeJa":null,"pos":"adverb","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"samukute buruburu furueta yo.","ja":"寒くてぶるぶる震えたよ。","english":"It was so cold I was shivering."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"samukute buruburu furuemashita.","ja":"寒くてぶるぶる震えました。","english":"It was so cold I was shivering."},"freqRank":52308,"score":3,"notes":"Also a phone vibrating.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1199}],"stage":4,"range":"1195-1199","category":"Sound and feeling words"},{"id":"adv-mimetic-12","label":"Surfaces and wetness","rationale":"Lets you describe how things look and feel to the touch.","interference":"Sarasara is dry-smooth; tsurutsuru is slick or slippery.","items":[{"id":"w-pikapika","romaji":"pikapika","polite":"pikapika desu","english":"shiny, spotless; sparkling","use":"For something polished or brand new; often pikapika ni suru (make it spotless).","ja":"ピカピカ","kana":"ぴかぴか","politeJa":"ピカピカです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kuruma, pikapika ni shita yo.","ja":"車、ピカピカにしたよ。","english":"I got the car sparkling clean."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kuruma o pikapika ni shimashita.","ja":"車をピカピカにしました。","english":"I got the car sparkling clean."},"freqRank":9428,"score":3,"notes":"Pikapika no ichinensei = a brand-new first-grader. Also lights flashing (pikapika hikaru).","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1200},{"id":"w-sarasara","romaji":"sarasara","polite":"sarasara desu","english":"silky, smooth; flowing","use":"For hair, sand or skin that's smooth and dry, not sticky.","ja":"さらさら","kana":"さらさら","politeJa":"さらさらです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"kami, sarasara da ne.","ja":"髪、さらさらだね。","english":"Your hair is so silky."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"kami ga sarasara desu ne.","ja":"髪がさらさらですね。","english":"Your hair is so silky."},"freqRank":14069,"score":3,"notes":"Also a stream flowing, or writing without effort (sarasara kaku). Opposite of betobeto.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1201},{"id":"w-bishobisho","romaji":"bishobisho","polite":"bishobisho desu","english":"soaking wet, drenched","use":"For clothes, hair or people soaked by rain or a spill.","ja":"びしょびしょ","kana":"びしょびしょ","politeJa":"びしょびしょです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"ame de bishobisho ni natta.","ja":"雨でびしょびしょになった。","english":"I got soaked in the rain."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"ame de bishobisho ni narimashita.","ja":"雨でびしょびしょになりました。","english":"I got soaked in the rain."},"freqRank":24339,"score":3,"notes":"Bishonure means the same.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1202},{"id":"w-tsurutsuru","romaji":"tsurutsuru","polite":"tsurutsuru desu","english":"smooth; slippery","use":"For slick surfaces like an icy road, and very smooth skin.","ja":"つるつる","kana":"つるつる","politeJa":"つるつるです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"michi ga tsurutsuru da kara ki o tsukete.","ja":"道がつるつるだから気をつけて。","english":"The road is slippery, so be careful."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"michi ga tsurutsuru desu kara ki o tsukete kudasai.","ja":"道がつるつるですから気をつけてください。","english":"The road is slippery, so please be careful."},"freqRank":25420,"score":3,"notes":"Also slurping noodles: soba o tsurutsuru taberu.","listLinks":[],"cv":1,"focus":false,"n":1203},{"id":"w-betobeto","romaji":"betobeto","polite":"betobeto desu","english":"sticky","use":"For sticky hands, sweaty skin or a greasy table.","ja":"ベトベト","kana":"べとべと","politeJa":"ベトベトです","pos":"na-adj","flags":[],"contrastGroup":null,"example":{"romaji":"te ga betobeto da, aratte kuru.","ja":"手がベトベトだ、洗ってくる。","english":"My hands are sticky, I'll go wash them."},"examplePolite":{"romaji":"te ga betobeto na node, aratte kimasu.","ja":"手がベトベトなので、洗ってきます。","english":"My hands are sticky, so I'll go wash them."},"freqRank":34164,"score":3,"notes":"Nebaneba is gooey and stringy, like natto; betobeto is unpleasantly sticky.","listLinks":[],"cv":2,"focus":false,"n":1204}],"stage":4,"range":"1200-1204","category":"Sound and feeling words"}],"cuts":[{"id":"cut-ya","romaji":"ya","ja":"や","english":null,"freqRank":50,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-to-iu","romaji":"to iu","ja":"という","english":null,"freqRank":104,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-yoi","romaji":"yoi","ja":"よい","english":null,"freqRank":120,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nan-desu","romaji":"nan desu","ja":"なんです","english":null,"freqRank":149,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-mon","romaji":"mon","ja":"もん","english":null,"freqRank":188,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ja-nai-ka","romaji":"ja nai ka","ja":"じゃないか","english":null,"freqRank":202,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kamoshirenai","romaji":"kamoshirenai","ja":"かもしれない","english":null,"freqRank":219,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-desu-kara","romaji":"desu kara","ja":"ですから","english":null,"freqRank":269,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-toko","romaji":"toko","ja":"とこ","english":null,"freqRank":280,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kou-iu","romaji":"kou iu","ja":"こういう","english":null,"freqRank":281,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ieru","romaji":"ieru","ja":"言える","english":null,"freqRank":291,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-de-wa-nai","romaji":"de wa nai","ja":"ではない","english":null,"freqRank":312,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-de-aru","romaji":"de aru","ja":"である","english":null,"freqRank":314,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-dou-shita-no","romaji":"dou shita no","ja":"どうしたの","english":null,"freqRank":316,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-deshou-ka","romaji":"deshou ka","ja":"でしょうか","english":null,"freqRank":341,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sugu-ni","romaji":"sugu ni","ja":"すぐに","english":null,"freqRank":358,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shikashi","romaji":"shikashi","ja":"しかし","english":"however; but man...","freqRank":380,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nareru","romaji":"nareru","ja":"なれる","english":null,"freqRank":402,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-zettai-ni","romaji":"zettai ni","ja":"絶対に","english":null,"freqRank":404,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-suimasen","romaji":"suimasen","ja":"すいません","english":null,"freqRank":416,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-otsukaresama","romaji":"otsukaresama","ja":"お疲れさま","english":null,"freqRank":504,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sorya","romaji":"sorya","ja":"そりゃ","english":null,"freqRank":531,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ookina","romaji":"ookina","ja":"大きな","english":null,"freqRank":538,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-da-ga","romaji":"da ga","ja":"だが","english":null,"freqRank":552,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-omoeru","romaji":"omoeru","ja":"思える","english":null,"freqRank":569,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-yappa","romaji":"yappa","ja":"やっぱ","english":null,"freqRank":576,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sugata","romaji":"sugata","ja":"姿","english":"figure; appearance","freqRank":595,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ja-nee","romaji":"ja nee","ja":"じゃねえ","english":null,"freqRank":605,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sore-de-wa","romaji":"sore de wa","ja":"それでは","english":null,"freqRank":635,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-cho","romaji":"cho","ja":"ちょ","english":null,"freqRank":703,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-honto","romaji":"honto","ja":"ホント","english":null,"freqRank":710,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sonzai","romaji":"sonzai","ja":"存在","english":"existence; exist","freqRank":715,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-aisuru","romaji":"aisuru","ja":"愛する","english":"love (deeply)","freqRank":726,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dare-ni-mo","romaji":"dare ni mo","ja":"誰にも","english":null,"freqRank":743,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-you-desu","romaji":"you desu","ja":"ようです","english":null,"freqRank":762,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-arigato","romaji":"arigato","ja":"ありがと","english":null,"freqRank":766,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ushinau","romaji":"ushinau","ja":"失う","english":"lose (something precious)","freqRank":768,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ya-da","romaji":"ya da","ja":"やだ","english":null,"freqRank":777,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sukuu","romaji":"sukuu","ja":"救う","english":"save, rescue","freqRank":782,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ironna","romaji":"ironna","ja":"いろんな","english":null,"freqRank":783,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-okonau","romaji":"okonau","ja":"行う","english":"hold, carry out (formal)","freqRank":787,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dokka","romaji":"dokka","ja":"どっか","english":null,"freqRank":788,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kakugo","romaji":"kakugo","ja":"覚悟","english":"resolve; be ready for the worst","freqRank":806,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-motomeru","romaji":"motomeru","ja":"求める","english":"seek, ask for","freqRank":808,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"w-otagai-2","romaji":"otagai","ja":"お互い","english":"each other; both of us","freqRank":817,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Same word as otagai."},{"id":"cut-shouko","romaji":"shouko","ja":"証拠","english":"evidence; proof","freqRank":847,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-arawareru","romaji":"arawareru","ja":"現れる","english":"appear, show up","freqRank":853,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sore-ja","romaji":"sore ja","ja":"それじゃ","english":null,"freqRank":865,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-to-iu-no-wa","romaji":"to iu no wa","ja":"というのは","english":null,"freqRank":873,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-to-naru","romaji":"to naru","ja":"となる","english":null,"freqRank":874,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-nerau","romaji":"nerau","ja":"狙う","english":"aim at, go for","freqRank":905,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ai","romaji":"ai","ja":"愛","english":"love","freqRank":906,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanimo-nai","romaji":"nanimo nai","ja":"何もない","english":null,"freqRank":924,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-suggoi","romaji":"suggoi","ja":"すっごい","english":null,"freqRank":926,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ubau","romaji":"ubau","ja":"奪う","english":"snatch, take away","freqRank":932,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kanau","romaji":"kanau","ja":"かなう","english":"come true","freqRank":935,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ni-yotte","romaji":"ni yotte","ja":"によって","english":null,"freqRank":939,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kore-made","romaji":"kore made","ja":"これまで","english":null,"freqRank":952,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ataeru","romaji":"ataeru","ja":"与える","english":"give, cause","freqRank":965,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsukaeru","romaji":"tsukaeru","ja":"使える","english":null,"freqRank":974,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-utagau","romaji":"utagau","ja":"疑う","english":"doubt, suspect","freqRank":975,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yahari","romaji":"yahari","ja":"やはり","english":null,"freqRank":979,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ikeru","romaji":"ikeru","ja":"行ける","english":null,"freqRank":985,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-moshikashitara","romaji":"moshikashitara","ja":"もしかしたら","english":null,"freqRank":988,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nozomu","romaji":"nozomu","ja":"望む","english":"wish for, hope","freqRank":1012,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kizutsukeru","romaji":"kizutsukeru","ja":"傷つける","english":"hurt (feelings), damage","freqRank":1050,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uragiru","romaji":"uragiru","ja":"裏切る","english":"betray","freqRank":1060,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chiisana","romaji":"chiisana","ja":"小さな","english":null,"freqRank":1079,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-desu-ga","romaji":"desu ga","ja":"ですが","english":null,"freqRank":1130,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sou-na-n-desu","romaji":"sou na n desu","ja":"そうなんです","english":null,"freqRank":1138,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tatte","romaji":"tatte","ja":"たって","english":null,"freqRank":1142,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tsumi","romaji":"tsumi","ja":"罪","english":"sin; crime","freqRank":1151,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tte-no-wa","romaji":"tte no wa","ja":"ってのは","english":null,"freqRank":1159,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-unmei","romaji":"unmei","ja":"運命","english":"fate","freqRank":1163,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hannin","romaji":"hannin","ja":"犯人","english":"culprit","freqRank":1165,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yabai","romaji":"yabai","ja":"ヤバい","english":null,"freqRank":1166,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-uso","romaji":"uso","ja":"ウソ","english":null,"freqRank":1168,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-utsukushii","romaji":"utsukushii","ja":"美しい","english":"beautiful (literary)","freqRank":1185,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tatakau","romaji":"tatakau","ja":"戦う","english":"fight","freqRank":1190,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ukeireru","romaji":"ukeireru","ja":"受け入れる","english":"accept, take in","freqRank":1196,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakaeru","romaji":"kakaeru","ja":"抱える","english":"hold in arms; have (problems)","freqRank":1200,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hanaseru","romaji":"hanaseru","ja":"話せる","english":null,"freqRank":1219,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-isogu","romaji":"isogu","ja":"急いで","english":"hurry","freqRank":1222,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Te-form of 急ぐ (same input romaji isogu); its use as 'Hurry!' is covered by that entry's example."},{"id":"cut-nanni-mo","romaji":"nanni mo","ja":"何にも","english":null,"freqRank":1238,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-yobidasu","romaji":"yobidasu","ja":"呼び出す","english":"call out, summon","freqRank":1258,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-naguru","romaji":"naguru","ja":"殴る","english":"hit, punch","freqRank":1265,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakureru","romaji":"kakureru","ja":"隠れる","english":"hide (oneself)","freqRank":1266,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-youyaku","romaji":"youyaku","ja":"ようやく","english":"finally (formal)","freqRank":1276,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sasaeru","romaji":"sasaeru","ja":"支える","english":"support","freqRank":1310,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kurushimu","romaji":"kurushimu","ja":"苦しむ","english":"suffer","freqRank":1318,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-anoo","romaji":"anoo","ja":"あのー","english":null,"freqRank":1320,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nee","romaji":"nee","ja":"ねぇ","english":null,"freqRank":1328,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-anna-ni","romaji":"anna ni","ja":"あんなに","english":null,"freqRank":1332,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-taeru","romaji":"taeru","ja":"耐える","english":"endure, bear","freqRank":1344,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ugoki","romaji":"ugoki","ja":"動き","english":"movement","freqRank":1372,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-eetto","romaji":"eetto","ja":"えーっと","english":null,"freqRank":1373,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ooku","romaji":"ooku","ja":"多く","english":null,"freqRank":1384,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nanto","romaji":"nanto","ja":"なんと","english":"amazingly, believe it or not","freqRank":1390,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-torimodosu","romaji":"torimodosu","ja":"取り戻す","english":"get back, regain","freqRank":1409,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kono-yo","romaji":"kono yo","ja":"この世","english":"this world","freqRank":1411,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nna","romaji":"nna","ja":"んな","english":null,"freqRank":1415,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sore-jaa","romaji":"sore jaa","ja":"それじゃあ","english":null,"freqRank":1418,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-fureru","romaji":"fureru","ja":"触れる","english":"touch lightly; mention","freqRank":1428,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-semeru","romaji":"semeru","ja":"責める","english":"blame","freqRank":1430,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yarou","romaji":"yarou","ja":"野郎","english":"bastard; guy (rough)","freqRank":1431,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mukeru","romaji":"mukeru","ja":"向ける","english":"point toward, turn","freqRank":1433,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ibasho","romaji":"ibasho","ja":"居場所","english":"whereabouts; place to belong","freqRank":1436,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sou-da-yo-ne","romaji":"sou da yo ne","ja":"そうだよね","english":null,"freqRank":1451,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-renchuu","romaji":"renchuu","ja":"連中","english":"that lot; those guys","freqRank":1470,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-arata","romaji":"arata","ja":"新た","english":null,"freqRank":1493,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-ohisashiburi","romaji":"ohisashiburi","ja":"お久しぶり","english":null,"freqRank":1495,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-myou","romaji":"myou","ja":"妙","english":"odd; strange","freqRank":1505,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sugee","romaji":"sugee","ja":"すげえ","english":null,"freqRank":1510,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shizuka","romaji":"shizuka","ja":"静かに","english":"quiet","freqRank":1514,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"The adverb form of 静か (shizuka ni); duplicates that entry, which covers 'Shizuka ni!' (Be quiet!)."},{"id":"cut-mukiau","romaji":"mukiau","ja":"向き合う","english":"face, deal with seriously","freqRank":1519,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-you-na-ki-ga-suru","romaji":"you na ki ga suru","ja":"ような気がする","english":null,"freqRank":1529,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-osou","romaji":"osou","ja":"襲う","english":"attack","freqRank":1541,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shoumei","romaji":"shoumei","ja":"証明","english":"proof; prove","freqRank":1548,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shitagau","romaji":"shitagau","ja":"従う","english":"obey, follow","freqRank":1551,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sore-nara","romaji":"sore nara","ja":"それなら","english":null,"freqRank":1552,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-dou-ka-shita","romaji":"dou ka shita","ja":"どうかした","english":null,"freqRank":1564,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ni-yori","romaji":"ni yori","ja":"により","english":null,"freqRank":1569,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-higaisha","romaji":"higaisha","ja":"被害者","english":"victim","freqRank":1572,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uramu","romaji":"uramu","ja":"恨む","english":"resent, hold a grudge","freqRank":1573,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shinjitsu","romaji":"shinjitsu","ja":"真実","english":"truth","freqRank":1579,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mizukara","romaji":"mizukara","ja":"自ら","english":null,"freqRank":1587,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kurikaesu","romaji":"kurikaesu","ja":"繰り返す","english":"repeat","freqRank":1590,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-korya","romaji":"korya","ja":"こりゃ","english":null,"freqRank":1594,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-daku","romaji":"daku","ja":"抱く","english":"hold, hug","freqRank":1599,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ita","romaji":"ita!","ja":"痛っ","english":null,"freqRank":1605,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tadashi","romaji":"tadashi","ja":"ただし","english":"however, provided that","freqRank":1614,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hibi","romaji":"hibi","ja":"日々","english":"days; daily life","freqRank":1618,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sou-ne","romaji":"sou ne","ja":"そうね","english":null,"freqRank":1620,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sude-ni","romaji":"sude ni","ja":"すでに","english":"already (formal)","freqRank":1622,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seou","romaji":"seou","ja":"背負う","english":"carry on back; shoulder","freqRank":1623,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jinbutsu","romaji":"jinbutsu","ja":"人物","english":"person; figure","freqRank":1625,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dou-shitan","romaji":"dou shitan","ja":"どうしたん","english":null,"freqRank":1627,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-taiho","romaji":"taiho","ja":"逮捕","english":"arrest","freqRank":1632,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ganbare","romaji":"ganbare","ja":"頑張れ","english":null,"freqRank":1637,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-hitei","romaji":"hitei","ja":"否定","english":"deny","freqRank":1643,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-konaida","romaji":"konaida","ja":"こないだ","english":null,"freqRank":1644,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-to-wa-ie","romaji":"to wa ie","ja":"とはいえ","english":"that said, even so","freqRank":1652,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uttaeru","romaji":"uttaeru","ja":"訴える","english":"sue, complain of","freqRank":1661,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-daiichi","romaji":"daiichi","ja":"第一","english":"first of all; for one","freqRank":1669,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nigiru","romaji":"nigiru","ja":"握る","english":"grip, hold tight","freqRank":1680,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-atsukau","romaji":"atsukau","ja":"扱う","english":"handle, treat","freqRank":1683,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hoi","romaji":"hoi","ja":"ほい","english":null,"freqRank":1688,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-settoku","romaji":"settoku","ja":"説得","english":"persuade","freqRank":1712,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuuryou","romaji":"shuuryou","ja":"終了","english":"end, close (formal)","freqRank":1718,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nee-nee","romaji":"nee nee","ja":"ねえねえ","english":null,"freqRank":1721,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-soryaa","romaji":"soryaa","ja":"そりゃあ","english":null,"freqRank":1722,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kumu","romaji":"kumu","ja":"組む","english":"team up; cross (arms, legs)","freqRank":1723,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-migoto","romaji":"migoto","ja":"見事","english":"splendid, superb","freqRank":1726,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yatou","romaji":"yatou","ja":"雇う","english":"hire, employ","freqRank":1738,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-norikoeru","romaji":"norikoeru","ja":"乗り越える","english":"get over, overcome","freqRank":1756,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mottomo","romaji":"mottomo","ja":"最も","english":"most","freqRank":1759,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsune-ni","romaji":"tsune ni","ja":"常に","english":"always, constantly","freqRank":1767,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shikata-nai","romaji":"shikata nai","ja":"仕方ない","english":null,"freqRank":1770,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-hikitoru","romaji":"hikitoru","ja":"引き取る","english":"take in, take back","freqRank":1781,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-konna-n","romaji":"konna n","ja":"こんなん","english":null,"freqRank":1782,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-konna-ni","romaji":"konna ni","ja":"こんなに","english":null,"freqRank":1783,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-osoraku","romaji":"osoraku","ja":"恐らく","english":"probably (formal)","freqRank":1784,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sore-nanoni","romaji":"sore nanoni","ja":"それなのに","english":null,"freqRank":1791,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shuzai","romaji":"shuzai","ja":"取材","english":"news coverage, reporting interview","freqRank":1796,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nemureru","romaji":"nemureru","ja":"眠れる","english":null,"freqRank":1803,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-irai","romaji":"irai","ja":"依頼","english":"request, commission","freqRank":1807,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-osoroshii","romaji":"osoroshii","ja":"恐ろしい","english":"terrifying","freqRank":1821,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-satsuei","romaji":"satsuei","ja":"撮影","english":"filming, photo shoot","freqRank":1823,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-keiei","romaji":"keiei","ja":"経営","english":"running a business","freqRank":1833,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-eizou","romaji":"eizou","ja":"映像","english":"footage; video","freqRank":1834,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-saguru","romaji":"saguru","ja":"探る","english":"feel around, probe","freqRank":1838,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hee","romaji":"hee","ja":"へー","english":null,"freqRank":1842,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shikata-nai","romaji":"shikata nai","ja":"しかたない","english":null,"freqRank":1845,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-de-wa-nai-ka","romaji":"de wa nai ka","ja":"ではないか","english":null,"freqRank":1848,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"捜査","ja":"捜査","english":null,"freqRank":1857,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-nakereba","romaji":"nakereba","ja":"なければ","english":null,"freqRank":1873,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-jisatsu","romaji":"jisatsu","ja":"自殺","english":"suicide","freqRank":1876,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-eien","romaji":"eien","ja":"永遠","english":"forever","freqRank":1879,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kataru","romaji":"kataru","ja":"語る","english":null,"freqRank":1888,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-ajiwau","romaji":"ajiwau","ja":"味わう","english":"savour, experience","freqRank":1895,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-semaru","romaji":"semaru","ja":"迫る","english":"draw near, press","freqRank":1907,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ippou","romaji":"ippou","ja":"一方","english":null,"freqRank":1910,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hageshii","romaji":"hageshii","ja":"激しい","english":"intense, violent","freqRank":1913,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hanzai","romaji":"hanzai","ja":"犯罪","english":"crime","freqRank":1918,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oidasu","romaji":"oidasu","ja":"追い出す","english":"kick out","freqRank":1947,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-komatta","romaji":"komatta","ja":"困った","english":null,"freqRank":1952,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nanimono","romaji":"nanimono","ja":"何者","english":"who (on earth)","freqRank":1954,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-meirei","romaji":"meirei","ja":"命令","english":"order, command","freqRank":1959,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bengoshi","romaji":"bengoshi","ja":"弁護士","english":"lawyer","freqRank":1969,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chousa","romaji":"chousa","ja":"調査","english":"survey, investigation","freqRank":1974,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-temee","romaji":"temee","ja":"てめえ","english":null,"freqRank":1976,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-keiji","romaji":"keiji","ja":"刑事","english":"detective","freqRank":1981,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-to-iu-wake","romaji":"to iu wake","ja":"というわけ","english":null,"freqRank":2001,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kanri","romaji":"kanri","ja":"管理","english":"management, looking after","freqRank":2006,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-osoreru","romaji":"osoreru","ja":"恐れる","english":null,"freqRank":2008,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hora-hora","romaji":"hora hora","ja":"ほらほら","english":null,"freqRank":2015,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sawagi","romaji":"sawagi","ja":"騒ぎ","english":"commotion; fuss","freqRank":2017,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ki-ni-shinai","romaji":"ki ni shinai","ja":"気にしない","english":null,"freqRank":2020,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-mimamoru","romaji":"mimamoru","ja":"見守る","english":"watch over","freqRank":2026,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-minasama","romaji":"minasama","ja":"皆様","english":null,"freqRank":2028,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-monosugoi","romaji":"monosugoi","ja":"ものすごい","english":null,"freqRank":2030,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-ikasu","romaji":"ikasu","ja":"生かす","english":"make use of","freqRank":2036,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shobun","romaji":"shobun","ja":"処分","english":"throw out; punishment","freqRank":2041,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hirogaru","romaji":"hirogaru","ja":"広がる","english":"spread","freqRank":2042,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-inoru","romaji":"inoru","ja":"祈る","english":"pray, wish for","freqRank":2051,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kabau","romaji":"kabau","ja":"かばう","english":"stick up for, cover for","freqRank":2057,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-odosu","romaji":"odosu","ja":"脅す","english":"threaten","freqRank":2059,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsugu","romaji":"tsugu","ja":"継ぐ","english":"take over (family business)","freqRank":2060,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yatte-kuru","romaji":"yatte kuru","ja":"やって来る","english":"come along, show up","freqRank":2061,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fusawashii","romaji":"fusawashii","ja":"ふさわしい","english":"suitable, fitting","freqRank":2070,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ojikan","romaji":"ojikan","ja":"お時間","english":null,"freqRank":2081,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-honrai","romaji":"honrai","ja":"本来","english":"originally; by rights","freqRank":2090,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuuhou","romaji":"tsuuhou","ja":"通報","english":"report to the police","freqRank":2091,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hassei","romaji":"hassei","ja":"発生","english":"occur, break out","freqRank":2092,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hazu-nai","romaji":"hazu nai","ja":"はずない","english":null,"freqRank":2095,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-hyou","romaji":"hyou","ja":"表","english":"table; chart","freqRank":2096,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oitsumeru","romaji":"oitsumeru","ja":"追い詰める","english":null,"freqRank":2104,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-hijou","romaji":"hijou","ja":"非常","english":"emergency; extremely (hijou ni)","freqRank":2110,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ijou","romaji":"ijou","ja":"異常","english":"abnormal","freqRank":2128,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nante-koto","romaji":"nante koto","ja":"なんてこと","english":null,"freqRank":2138,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-shoutai","romaji":"shoutai","ja":"正体","english":"true identity","freqRank":2141,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nakute-mo","romaji":"nakute mo","ja":"なくても","english":null,"freqRank":2156,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-osaeru","romaji":"osaeru","ja":"押さえる","english":"hold down; secure","freqRank":2161,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kikasu","romaji":"kikasu","ja":"聞かす","english":null,"freqRank":2163,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shimesu","romaji":"shimesu","ja":"示す","english":null,"freqRank":2165,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-nan-su","romaji":"nan su","ja":"なんす","english":null,"freqRank":2169,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-musubu","romaji":"musubu","ja":"結ぶ","english":"tie, link","freqRank":2173,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-futatabi","romaji":"futatabi","ja":"再び","english":null,"freqRank":2174,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kaishi","romaji":"kaishi","ja":"開始","english":"start (formal)","freqRank":2176,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikura-demo","romaji":"ikura demo","ja":"いくらでも","english":null,"freqRank":2178,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-osaeru","romaji":"osaeru","ja":"抑える","english":"keep down, hold back","freqRank":2182,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-futsuu-ni","romaji":"futsuu ni","ja":"普通に","english":null,"freqRank":2185,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-utagai","romaji":"utagai","ja":"疑い","english":"suspicion","freqRank":2191,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakuho","romaji":"kakuho","ja":"確保","english":"secure, save (a seat)","freqRank":2192,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nomeru","romaji":"nomeru","ja":"飲める","english":null,"freqRank":2193,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-aijou","romaji":"aijou","ja":"愛情","english":"affection","freqRank":2195,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kagayaku","romaji":"kagayaku","ja":"輝く","english":null,"freqRank":2199,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kanja","romaji":"kanja","ja":"患者","english":"patient","freqRank":2202,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chuumoku","romaji":"chuumoku","ja":"注目","english":"attention; pay attention to","freqRank":2203,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-otetsudai","romaji":"otetsudai","ja":"お手伝い","english":null,"freqRank":2221,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tobidasu","romaji":"tobidasu","ja":"飛び出す","english":"rush out, jump out","freqRank":2238,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaori","romaji":"kaori","ja":"香り","english":"scent","freqRank":2245,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taosu","romaji":"taosu","ja":"倒す","english":"knock down, beat","freqRank":2246,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitobito","romaji":"hitobito","ja":"人々","english":null,"freqRank":2249,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-naraba","romaji":"naraba","ja":"ならば","english":null,"freqRank":2258,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-katsute","romaji":"katsute","ja":"かつて","english":null,"freqRank":2259,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-saikai","romaji":"saikai","ja":"再会","english":"reunion; meet again","freqRank":2269,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yokereba","romaji":"yokereba","ja":"よければ","english":null,"freqRank":2273,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-koui","romaji":"koui","ja":"行為","english":null,"freqRank":2278,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-otozureru","romaji":"otozureru","ja":"訪れる","english":null,"freqRank":2284,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kamoshiren","romaji":"kamoshiren","ja":"かもしれん","english":null,"freqRank":2288,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-hatasu","romaji":"hatasu","ja":"果たす","english":null,"freqRank":2292,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-toujou","romaji":"toujou","ja":"登場","english":"appearance (on stage, in story)","freqRank":2300,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tatakai","romaji":"tatakai","ja":"戦い","english":"fight; battle","freqRank":2307,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shibai","romaji":"shibai","ja":"芝居","english":"play, acting; an act","freqRank":2313,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tobasu","romaji":"tobasu","ja":"飛ばす","english":"skip; send flying; speed","freqRank":2316,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yomeru","romaji":"yomeru","ja":"読める","english":null,"freqRank":2317,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-mohaya","romaji":"mohaya","ja":"もはや","english":null,"freqRank":2318,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-ishi","romaji":"ishi","ja":"意思","english":"will; intention","freqRank":2324,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kanashimu","romaji":"kanashimu","ja":"悲しむ","english":"grieve, be sad","freqRank":2327,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaihou","romaji":"kaihou","ja":"解放","english":"release, be freed","freqRank":2329,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nakusu","romaji":"nakusu","ja":"亡くす","english":"lose (a loved one)","freqRank":2339,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-moteru","romaji":"moteru","ja":"持てる","english":null,"freqRank":2340,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tochi","romaji":"tochi","ja":"土地","english":"land","freqRank":2342,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-youken","romaji":"youken","ja":"用件","english":"business; matter","freqRank":2347,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shikakeru","romaji":"shikakeru","ja":"仕掛ける","english":null,"freqRank":2348,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-hisabisa","romaji":"hisabisa","ja":"久々","english":null,"freqRank":2349,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-karamu","romaji":"karamu","ja":"絡む","english":"get tangled; pick a fight","freqRank":2351,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-zenkoku","romaji":"zenkoku","ja":"全国","english":"nationwide","freqRank":2352,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikou","romaji":"ikou","ja":"いこう","english":null,"freqRank":2354,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-soshiki","romaji":"soshiki","ja":"組織","english":"organisation","freqRank":2356,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-manma","romaji":"manma","ja":"まんま","english":null,"freqRank":2358,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nasasou","romaji":"nasasou","ja":"なさそう","english":null,"freqRank":2362,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"証言","ja":"証言","english":null,"freqRank":2367,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kankeisha","romaji":"kankeisha","ja":"関係者","english":"person involved; staff","freqRank":2369,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-doudou","romaji":"doudou","ja":"堂々","english":"confidently, openly","freqRank":2376,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-misuteru","romaji":"misuteru","ja":"見捨てる","english":"abandon","freqRank":2388,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-akumade","romaji":"akumade","ja":"あくまで","english":"strictly, to the end","freqRank":2389,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yokosu","romaji":"yokosu","ja":"よこす","english":"send over, hand over","freqRank":2390,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaihatsu","romaji":"kaihatsu","ja":"開発","english":"development","freqRank":2397,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-wake-ga-nai","romaji":"wake ga nai","ja":"わけがない","english":null,"freqRank":2398,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-maa","romaji":"maa","ja":"まぁ","english":null,"freqRank":2404,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-katagata","romaji":"katagata","ja":"方々","english":null,"freqRank":2407,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-youkyuu","romaji":"youkyuu","ja":"要求","english":"demand","freqRank":2409,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-monogatari","romaji":"monogatari","ja":"物語","english":"story; tale","freqRank":2410,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tamashii","romaji":"tamashii","ja":"魂","english":"soul","freqRank":2411,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koujou","romaji":"koujou","ja":"工場","english":"factory","freqRank":2416,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hore","romaji":"hore","ja":"ほれ","english":null,"freqRank":2421,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nerai","romaji":"nerai","ja":"狙い","english":"aim","freqRank":2422,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsukusu","romaji":"tsukusu","ja":"尽くす","english":"devote oneself to","freqRank":2423,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shinyou-dekiru","romaji":"shin'you dekiru","ja":"信用できる","english":"trustworthy, can trust","freqRank":2425,"score":3,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Potential form of 信用 (shin'you dekiru); duplicates that input and is used in its example."},{"id":"cut-yaburu","romaji":"yaburu","ja":"破る","english":"tear; break (a promise)","freqRank":2435,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kasaneru","romaji":"kasaneru","ja":"重ねる","english":"stack, layer","freqRank":2438,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-furimawasu","romaji":"furimawasu","ja":"振り回す","english":"swing around; jerk around","freqRank":2444,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ouchi","romaji":"ouchi","ja":"おうち","english":null,"freqRank":2445,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nanoru","romaji":"nanoru","ja":"名乗る","english":null,"freqRank":2448,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-nigasu","romaji":"nigasu","ja":"逃がす","english":"let go, let escape","freqRank":2458,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bouryoku","romaji":"bouryoku","ja":"暴力","english":"violence","freqRank":2469,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chikau","romaji":"chikau","ja":"誓う","english":null,"freqRank":2471,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-moshimo","romaji":"moshimo","ja":"もしも","english":null,"freqRank":2479,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-fukanou","romaji":"fukanou","ja":"不可能","english":"impossible","freqRank":2485,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-iiya","romaji":"iiya","ja":"いいや","english":null,"freqRank":2487,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-oikomu","romaji":"oikomu","ja":"追い込む","english":null,"freqRank":2488,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-moderu","romaji":"moderu","ja":"モデル","english":"model","freqRank":2489,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-afureru","romaji":"afureru","ja":"あふれる","english":"overflow","freqRank":2495,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nukedasu","romaji":"nukedasu","ja":"抜け出す","english":null,"freqRank":2499,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-tsutomeru","romaji":"tsutomeru","ja":"務める","english":null,"freqRank":2501,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-wakaran","romaji":"wakaran","ja":"分からん","english":null,"freqRank":2502,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-hazu-ga-nai","romaji":"hazu ga nai","ja":"はずがない","english":null,"freqRank":2504,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nogasu","romaji":"nogasu","ja":"逃す","english":"miss (a chance)","freqRank":2510,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seiritsu","romaji":"seiritsu","ja":"成立","english":"come about, work out","freqRank":2513,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kigyou","romaji":"kigyou","ja":"企業","english":"company; enterprise","freqRank":2515,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-cho","romaji":"cho","ja":"ちょっ","english":null,"freqRank":2516,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tokoro-ga","romaji":"tokoro ga","ja":"ところが","english":"however, but then","freqRank":2518,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yakume","romaji":"yakume","ja":"役目","english":"role; duty","freqRank":2526,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shori","romaji":"shori","ja":"処理","english":"processing, handling","freqRank":2527,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fukushuu","romaji":"fukushuu","ja":"復讐","english":"revenge","freqRank":2528,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-maneku","romaji":"maneku","ja":"招く","english":null,"freqRank":2533,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-yoroshiku-onegai-itashimasu","romaji":"yoroshiku onegai itashimasu","ja":"よろしくお願いいたします","english":null,"freqRank":2538,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kanjin","romaji":"kanjin","ja":"肝心","english":"essential, crucial","freqRank":2540,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ketsudan","romaji":"ketsudan","ja":"決断","english":"big decision; decide","freqRank":2561,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-umeru","romaji":"umeru","ja":"埋める","english":"bury, fill in","freqRank":2562,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shusse","romaji":"shusse","ja":"出世","english":"getting ahead, promotion","freqRank":2567,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hatsugen","romaji":"hatsugen","ja":"発言","english":"remark, statement","freqRank":2569,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dotchi-mo","romaji":"dotchi mo","ja":"どっちも","english":null,"freqRank":2578,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-uketomeru","romaji":"uketomeru","ja":"受け止める","english":"take in, accept (feelings)","freqRank":2592,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kurushimeru","romaji":"kurushimeru","ja":"苦しめる","english":null,"freqRank":2594,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-hyoujou","romaji":"hyoujou","ja":"表情","english":"facial expression","freqRank":2600,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kureguremo","romaji":"kureguremo","ja":"くれぐれも","english":"be sure to (formal)","freqRank":2602,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikki","romaji":"ikki","ja":"一気","english":"all at once (ikki ni)","freqRank":2604,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of 一気に; the bare noun is a tokenizer fragment of ikki ni."},{"id":"cut-hirogeru","romaji":"hirogeru","ja":"広げる","english":"spread out, open up","freqRank":2610,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shidou","romaji":"shidou","ja":"指導","english":"coaching, guidance","freqRank":2613,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tetteiteki","romaji":"tetteiteki","ja":"徹底的","english":"thorough","freqRank":2618,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kanaeru","romaji":"kanaeru","ja":"かなえる","english":"make (a dream) come true","freqRank":2619,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sono-tame","romaji":"sono tame","ja":"そのため","english":"for that reason","freqRank":2623,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-doujou","romaji":"doujou","ja":"同情","english":"sympathy; feel sorry for","freqRank":2625,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dorobou","romaji":"dorobou","ja":"泥棒","english":"thief","freqRank":2631,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sakarau","romaji":"sakarau","ja":"逆らう","english":"go against, talk back","freqRank":2635,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ippatsu","romaji":"ippatsu","ja":"一発","english":"one shot; in one go","freqRank":2641,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shiwaza","romaji":"shiwaza","ja":"仕業","english":null,"freqRank":2642,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-gisei","romaji":"gisei","ja":"犠牲","english":"sacrifice","freqRank":2649,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tebanasu","romaji":"tebanasu","ja":"手放す","english":"let go of, part with","freqRank":2651,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tomo-ni","romaji":"tomo ni","ja":"共に","english":"together (formal)","freqRank":2653,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-miharu","romaji":"miharu","ja":"見張る","english":null,"freqRank":2656,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-tehai","romaji":"tehai","ja":"手配","english":"arrange (tickets, a car)","freqRank":2657,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oyobu","romaji":"oyobu","ja":"及ぶ","english":null,"freqRank":2659,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-tsumannai","romaji":"tsumannai","ja":"つまんない","english":null,"freqRank":2662,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-waga","romaji":"waga","ja":"我が","english":null,"freqRank":2664,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-sakebu","romaji":"sakebu","ja":"叫ぶ","english":"shout, scream","freqRank":2665,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-deiri","romaji":"deiri","ja":"出入り","english":"coming and going","freqRank":2669,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sakuya","romaji":"sakuya","ja":"昨夜","english":null,"freqRank":2679,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-mochikomu","romaji":"mochikomu","ja":"持ち込む","english":"bring in","freqRank":2683,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-miryoku","romaji":"miryoku","ja":"魅力","english":"appeal; charm","freqRank":2688,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tokutei","romaji":"tokutei","ja":"特定","english":"identify; specific","freqRank":2694,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nikumu","romaji":"nikumu","ja":"憎む","english":null,"freqRank":2700,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-wake-de-wa-nai","romaji":"wake de wa nai","ja":"わけではない","english":null,"freqRank":2701,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shiyou","romaji":"shiyou","ja":"使用","english":"use (formal)","freqRank":2703,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shounen","romaji":"shounen","ja":"少年","english":"boy","freqRank":2707,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yukue","romaji":"yukue","ja":"行方","english":null,"freqRank":2708,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-mireru","romaji":"mireru","ja":"見れる","english":null,"freqRank":2710,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tannaru","romaji":"tannaru","ja":"単なる","english":null,"freqRank":2717,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-no-you-ni","romaji":"no you ni","ja":"のように","english":null,"freqRank":2718,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kari-ni","romaji":"kari ni","ja":"仮に","english":"supposing, hypothetically","freqRank":2719,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-teikyou","romaji":"teikyou","ja":"提供","english":"offer, provide","freqRank":2722,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-satsujin","romaji":"satsujin","ja":"殺人","english":"murder","freqRank":2724,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsutsu","romaji":"tsutsu","ja":"つつ","english":null,"freqRank":2728,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shazai","romaji":"shazai","ja":"謝罪","english":"formal apology","freqRank":2737,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yorokobi","romaji":"yorokobi","ja":"喜び","english":"joy","freqRank":2740,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-buki","romaji":"buki","ja":"武器","english":"weapon","freqRank":2745,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-saiyou","romaji":"saiyou","ja":"採用","english":"hiring; adopt","freqRank":2746,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shibaru","romaji":"shibaru","ja":"縛る","english":"tie up, restrict","freqRank":2749,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaichou","romaji":"kaichou","ja":"会長","english":"chairman","freqRank":2755,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-anma","romaji":"anma","ja":"あんま","english":null,"freqRank":2756,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-naganen","romaji":"naganen","ja":"長年","english":"many years","freqRank":2763,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-higai","romaji":"higai","ja":"被害","english":"damage; harm","freqRank":2764,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koushou","romaji":"koushou","ja":"交渉","english":"negotiation; negotiate","freqRank":2766,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kanshi","romaji":"kanshi","ja":"監視","english":"watch, keep under surveillance","freqRank":2772,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jitai","romaji":"jitai","ja":"事態","english":null,"freqRank":2779,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kodoku","romaji":"kodoku","ja":"孤独","english":"loneliness","freqRank":2791,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakushin","romaji":"kakushin","ja":"確信","english":"conviction; be sure","freqRank":2792,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nozomi","romaji":"nozomi","ja":"望み","english":"hope; wish","freqRank":2795,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nao","romaji":"nao","ja":"なお","english":null,"freqRank":2796,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-okasu","romaji":"okasu","ja":"犯す","english":null,"freqRank":2802,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kanryou","romaji":"kanryou","ja":"完了","english":"done, completed","freqRank":2807,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-to-tomo-ni","romaji":"to tomo ni","ja":"と共に","english":null,"freqRank":2821,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hoshou","romaji":"hoshou","ja":"保証","english":"guarantee, warranty","freqRank":2826,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jikaku","romaji":"jikaku","ja":"自覚","english":"self-awareness; realise","freqRank":2827,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-iya","romaji":"iya","ja":"イヤ","english":null,"freqRank":2837,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-bakuhatsu","romaji":"bakuhatsu","ja":"爆発","english":"explosion; explode","freqRank":2845,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chitchai","romaji":"chitchai","ja":"ちっちゃい","english":null,"freqRank":2857,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tojikomeru","romaji":"tojikomeru","ja":"閉じ込める","english":"lock in, shut in","freqRank":2858,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kinmu","romaji":"kinmu","ja":"勤務","english":"work, duty (formal)","freqRank":2862,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-furueru","romaji":"furueru","ja":"震える","english":"shake, shiver","freqRank":2864,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kisama","romaji":"kisama","ja":"貴様","english":null,"freqRank":2865,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-tottoto","romaji":"tottoto","ja":"とっとと","english":"quickly (rough)","freqRank":2870,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-itchi","romaji":"itchi","ja":"一致","english":"match, agree","freqRank":2871,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oosawagi","romaji":"oosawagi","ja":"大騒ぎ","english":"big fuss, uproar","freqRank":2872,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kanban","romaji":"kanban","ja":"看板","english":"sign(board)","freqRank":2878,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-abareru","romaji":"abareru","ja":"暴れる","english":"act violently, run wild","freqRank":2883,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-doku","romaji":"doku","ja":"毒","english":"poison","freqRank":2887,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsukitomeru","romaji":"tsukitomeru","ja":"突き止める","english":null,"freqRank":2889,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-komeru","romaji":"komeru","ja":"込める","english":"put (feelings) into","freqRank":2895,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kisha","romaji":"kisha","ja":"記者","english":"reporter","freqRank":2911,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-butai","romaji":"butai","ja":"舞台","english":"stage; play","freqRank":2912,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-junsui","romaji":"junsui","ja":"純粋","english":"pure, innocent","freqRank":2914,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanda-to","romaji":"nanda to","ja":"何だと","english":null,"freqRank":2916,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-sho","romaji":"sho","ja":"署","english":null,"freqRank":2917,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"w-honki-de","romaji":"honki de","ja":"本気で","english":"seriously; for real","freqRank":2918,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Covered by w-honki, whose example already uses honki de and whose notes gloss honki de = seriously."},{"id":"cut-kanashimi","romaji":"kanashimi","ja":"悲しみ","english":"sadness","freqRank":2922,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"殺害","ja":"殺害","english":null,"freqRank":2924,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kurushimi","romaji":"kurushimi","ja":"苦しみ","english":"suffering","freqRank":2926,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kougeki","romaji":"kougeki","ja":"攻撃","english":"attack","freqRank":2937,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yougisha","romaji":"yougisha","ja":"容疑者","english":"suspect (police)","freqRank":2940,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taiyou","romaji":"taiyou","ja":"太陽","english":"sun","freqRank":2949,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hameru","romaji":"hameru","ja":"はめる","english":"put on (ring); set up","freqRank":2952,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taikin","romaji":"taikin","ja":"大金","english":"large sum of money","freqRank":2956,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kyouju","romaji":"kyouju","ja":"教授","english":"professor","freqRank":2958,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kizuku","romaji":"kizuku","ja":"築く","english":null,"freqRank":2959,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kyoushi","romaji":"kyoushi","ja":"教師","english":"teacher (job)","freqRank":2965,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-imaya","romaji":"imaya","ja":"今や","english":null,"freqRank":2970,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-ganbarou","romaji":"ganbarou","ja":"頑張ろう","english":null,"freqRank":2971,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-douyou","romaji":"douyou","ja":"動揺","english":"be shaken, get flustered","freqRank":2972,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tobikomu","romaji":"tobikomu","ja":"飛び込む","english":"jump into, dive in","freqRank":2977,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"w-ittai-2","romaji":"ittai","ja":"いったい","english":"what on earth; (who, why) on earth","freqRank":2978,"score":3,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of w-ittai (same word, identical ittai nani ga atta no? example)."},{"id":"cut-mendokusai","romaji":"mendokusai","ja":"面倒くさい","english":"such a hassle, can't be bothered","freqRank":2987,"score":5,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of めんどくさい (same word, kanji spelling); kept めんどくさい, which ranks higher."},{"id":"cut-hei","romaji":"hei","ja":"へい","english":null,"freqRank":2991,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"w-kanemochi","romaji":"kanemochi","ja":"金持ち","english":"rich person; rich","freqRank":2993,"score":3,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of w-okanemochi, the more common form, which has a near-identical example (sugoi okanemochi rashii yo)."},{"id":"cut-kakomu","romaji":"kakomu","ja":"囲む","english":"surround","freqRank":3000,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mucha","romaji":"mucha","ja":"むちゃ","english":"reckless; absurd","freqRank":3001,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-haaku","romaji":"haaku","ja":"把握","english":"grasp, get a handle on","freqRank":3003,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hatashite","romaji":"hatashite","ja":"果たして","english":null,"freqRank":3004,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-toriageru","romaji":"toriageru","ja":"取り上げる","english":"take away; bring up","freqRank":3007,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-me-o-samasu","romaji":"me o samasu","ja":"目を覚ます","english":"wake up","freqRank":3009,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tori","romaji":"tori","ja":"鳥","english":"bird; chicken","freqRank":3010,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-keesu","romaji":"keesu","ja":"ケース","english":"case","freqRank":3013,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sanzan","romaji":"sanzan","ja":"さんざん","english":"terribly; awful","freqRank":3014,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaishuu","romaji":"kaishuu","ja":"回収","english":"collect, recall","freqRank":3015,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikinokoru","romaji":"ikinokoru","ja":"生き残る","english":null,"freqRank":3018,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-chanto-shita","romaji":"chanto shita","ja":"ちゃんとした","english":null,"freqRank":3021,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-arayuru","romaji":"arayuru","ja":"あらゆる","english":null,"freqRank":3026,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kurabu","romaji":"kurabu","ja":"クラブ","english":"club","freqRank":3027,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mezameru","romaji":"mezameru","ja":"目覚める","english":null,"freqRank":3028,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-tsubureru","romaji":"tsubureru","ja":"潰れる","english":"be crushed; go bust","freqRank":3031,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shibou","romaji":"shibou","ja":"死亡","english":"death (formal)","freqRank":3034,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tatemono","romaji":"tatemono","ja":"建物","english":"building","freqRank":3035,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-owakare","romaji":"owakare","ja":"お別れ","english":"farewell, parting","freqRank":3039,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuuhen","romaji":"shuuhen","ja":"周辺","english":null,"freqRank":3042,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hagemasu","romaji":"hagemasu","ja":"励ます","english":"encourage, cheer up","freqRank":3043,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-son","romaji":"son","ja":"損","english":"loss; disadvantage","freqRank":3044,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mura","romaji":"mura","ja":"村","english":"village","freqRank":3048,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sesshoku","romaji":"sesshoku","ja":"接触","english":"contact; touch","freqRank":3049,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mensetsu","romaji":"mensetsu","ja":"面接","english":"job interview","freqRank":3050,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-arasou","romaji":"arasou","ja":"争う","english":null,"freqRank":3052,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-susumeru","romaji":"susumeru","ja":"勧める","english":"recommend","freqRank":3053,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shitai","romaji":"shitai","ja":"死体","english":null,"freqRank":3057,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-chokugo","romaji":"chokugo","ja":"直後","english":"right after","freqRank":3060,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oshitsukeru","romaji":"oshitsukeru","ja":"押しつける","english":"force on, push onto","freqRank":3063,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nuru","romaji":"nuru","ja":"塗る","english":"paint, spread, apply","freqRank":3066,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gorenraku","romaji":"gorenraku","ja":"ご連絡","english":null,"freqRank":3074,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-hyougen","romaji":"hyougen","ja":"表現","english":"expression; express","freqRank":3075,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-akogare","romaji":"akogare","ja":"憧れ","english":"admiration; longing","freqRank":3079,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uriage","romaji":"uriage","ja":"売り上げ","english":"sales","freqRank":3082,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-katto","romaji":"katto","ja":"カット","english":"cut; haircut","freqRank":3084,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-harikiru","romaji":"harikiru","ja":"張り切る","english":"be all fired up","freqRank":3085,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jitsugen","romaji":"jitsugen","ja":"実現","english":"come true, realise","freqRank":3086,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hanzaisha","romaji":"hanzaisha","ja":"犯罪者","english":"criminal","freqRank":3087,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-douki","romaji":"douki","ja":"同期","english":"colleague who joined same year","freqRank":3088,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-haiken","romaji":"haiken","ja":"拝見","english":"(humble) look at, see","freqRank":3089,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-itaru","romaji":"itaru","ja":"至る","english":null,"freqRank":3090,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-isso","romaji":"isso","ja":"いっそ","english":"might as well, rather","freqRank":3093,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hikitsugu","romaji":"hikitsugu","ja":"引き継ぐ","english":"take over (work)","freqRank":3094,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seizei","romaji":"seizei","ja":"せいぜい","english":"at most, at best","freqRank":3097,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-senshu","romaji":"senshu","ja":"選手","english":"athlete; player","freqRank":3101,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sutookaa","romaji":"sutookaa","ja":"ストーカー","english":"stalker","freqRank":3102,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-maku","romaji":"maku","ja":"巻く","english":"wrap, wind","freqRank":3104,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shitaku","romaji":"shitaku","ja":"支度","english":"getting ready","freqRank":3105,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fukki","romaji":"fukki","ja":"復帰","english":"comeback, return","freqRank":3107,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tomokaku","romaji":"tomokaku","ja":"ともかく","english":"anyway; setting aside","freqRank":3109,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-booru","romaji":"booru","ja":"ボール","english":"ball","freqRank":3110,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jikkuri","romaji":"jikkuri","ja":"じっくり","english":"carefully, taking time","freqRank":3111,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kuwaeru","romaji":"kuwaeru","ja":"加える","english":"add","freqRank":3115,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitogoroshi","romaji":"hitogoroshi","ja":"人殺し","english":null,"freqRank":3116,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"w-jissai-ni","romaji":"jissai ni","ja":"実際に","english":"actually; in reality; firsthand","freqRank":3117,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Covered by w-jissai, whose notes say jissai ni means the same and whose example is the same ...yatte miru to sentence."},{"id":"cut-antei","romaji":"antei","ja":"安定","english":"stability; stable","freqRank":3118,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kanji-ga-suru","romaji":"kanji ga suru","ja":"感じがする","english":null,"freqRank":3120,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kappuru","romaji":"kappuru","ja":"カップル","english":"couple","freqRank":3121,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikimono","romaji":"ikimono","ja":"生き物","english":"living thing","freqRank":3124,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kopii","romaji":"kopii","ja":"コピー","english":"copy","freqRank":3125,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jigyou","romaji":"jigyou","ja":"事業","english":"business","freqRank":3126,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-odayaka","romaji":"odayaka","ja":"穏やか","english":"calm, gentle","freqRank":3128,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gyoukai","romaji":"gyoukai","ja":"業界","english":"industry","freqRank":3129,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ketsui","romaji":"ketsui","ja":"決意","english":"determination, resolve","freqRank":3131,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-peeji","romaji":"peeji","ja":"ページ","english":"page","freqRank":3133,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikou","romaji":"ikou","ja":"以降","english":"from ... on","freqRank":3135,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koroshi","romaji":"koroshi","ja":"殺し","english":null,"freqRank":3138,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-betsujin","romaji":"betsujin","ja":"別人","english":"a different person","freqRank":3140,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yachin","romaji":"yachin","ja":"家賃","english":"rent","freqRank":3141,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-souko","romaji":"souko","ja":"倉庫","english":"warehouse","freqRank":3143,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sarasu","romaji":"sarasu","ja":"さらす","english":null,"freqRank":3144,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-suutsu","romaji":"suutsu","ja":"スーツ","english":"suit","freqRank":3146,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-rusu","romaji":"rusu","ja":"留守","english":"being out, away from home","freqRank":3149,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chishiki","romaji":"chishiki","ja":"知識","english":"knowledge","freqRank":3151,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-juudai","romaji":"juudai","ja":"重大","english":"serious, grave","freqRank":3153,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yukue-fumei","romaji":"yukue fumei","ja":"行方不明","english":"missing (person)","freqRank":3154,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-douji-ni","romaji":"douji ni","ja":"同時に","english":"at the same time","freqRank":3156,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-saiban","romaji":"saiban","ja":"裁判","english":"trial, court case","freqRank":3162,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taisaku","romaji":"taisaku","ja":"対策","english":"measures","freqRank":3163,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanimonoka","romaji":"nanimonoka","ja":"何者か","english":null,"freqRank":3165,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-pataan","romaji":"pataan","ja":"パターン","english":"pattern","freqRank":3166,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shudan","romaji":"shudan","ja":"手段","english":"means","freqRank":3167,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-honshin","romaji":"honshin","ja":"本心","english":"true feelings","freqRank":3168,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tobokeru","romaji":"tobokeru","ja":"とぼける","english":"play dumb","freqRank":3170,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nantomo","romaji":"nantomo","ja":"何とも","english":"(not) at all, can't say","freqRank":3173,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-umarekawaru","romaji":"umarekawaru","ja":"生まれ変わる","english":"be reborn","freqRank":3175,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hayaru","romaji":"hayaru","ja":"はやる","english":"be popular; go around (flu)","freqRank":3176,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-aruiwa","romaji":"aruiwa","ja":"あるいは","english":null,"freqRank":3178,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shinsou","romaji":"shinsou","ja":"真相","english":null,"freqRank":3179,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-bikkuri","romaji":"bikkuri","ja":"ビックリ","english":null,"freqRank":3180,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-onnaji","romaji":"onnaji","ja":"おんなじ","english":null,"freqRank":3182,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-hankou","romaji":"hankou","ja":"犯行","english":null,"freqRank":3183,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-tamotsu","romaji":"tamotsu","ja":"保つ","english":null,"freqRank":3184,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-tobira","romaji":"tobira","ja":"扉","english":null,"freqRank":3187,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-danjo","romaji":"danjo","ja":"男女","english":"men and women","freqRank":3188,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-supiido","romaji":"supiido","ja":"スピード","english":"speed","freqRank":3190,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuyaku","romaji":"shuyaku","ja":"主役","english":"lead role, star","freqRank":3191,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-konkyo","romaji":"konkyo","ja":"根拠","english":"grounds, basis","freqRank":3194,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ashimoto","romaji":"ashimoto","ja":"足元","english":"underfoot, your step","freqRank":3195,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chikyuu","romaji":"chikyuu","ja":"地球","english":"the earth","freqRank":3198,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuchou","romaji":"shuchou","ja":"主張","english":"claim, assertion","freqRank":3199,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kage","romaji":"kage","ja":"影","english":"shadow","freqRank":3200,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gyousha","romaji":"gyousha","ja":"業者","english":"contractor, tradesperson","freqRank":3201,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsugunau","romaji":"tsugunau","ja":"償う","english":null,"freqRank":3204,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kyohi","romaji":"kyohi","ja":"拒否","english":"refuse, reject","freqRank":3205,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sentaa","romaji":"sentaa","ja":"センター","english":"centre","freqRank":3206,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-douki","romaji":"douki","ja":"動機","english":"motive","freqRank":3208,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-risuku","romaji":"risuku","ja":"リスク","english":"risk","freqRank":3210,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sessuru","romaji":"sessuru","ja":"接する","english":"deal with, treat (people)","freqRank":3211,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tou","romaji":"tou","ja":"問う","english":null,"freqRank":3215,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-wakare","romaji":"wakare","ja":"別れ","english":"parting, breakup","freqRank":3217,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nakanaori","romaji":"nakanaori","ja":"仲直り","english":"make up (after a fight)","freqRank":3219,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-osamaru","romaji":"osamaru","ja":"収まる","english":"settle down; fit","freqRank":3223,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shikin","romaji":"shikin","ja":"資金","english":"funds","freqRank":3224,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-maemuki","romaji":"maemuki","ja":"前向き","english":"positive, forward-looking","freqRank":3225,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-wakareru","romaji":"wakareru","ja":"分かれる","english":"split, be divided","freqRank":3226,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sono-bun","romaji":"sono bun","ja":"その分","english":"correspondingly, to make up","freqRank":3229,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fusegu","romaji":"fusegu","ja":"防ぐ","english":"prevent","freqRank":3230,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chiiki","romaji":"chiiki","ja":"地域","english":"area, region","freqRank":3232,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jizen","romaji":"jizen","ja":"事前","english":"beforehand (jizen ni)","freqRank":3233,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-amari-ni-mo","romaji":"amari ni mo","ja":"あまりにも","english":"far too, excessively","freqRank":3235,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-anna-fuu-ni","romaji":"anna fuu ni","ja":"あんなふうに","english":"like that, that way","freqRank":3236,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shokugyou","romaji":"shokugyou","ja":"職業","english":"occupation","freqRank":3238,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omamori","romaji":"omamori","ja":"お守り","english":"good-luck charm","freqRank":3241,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taiken","romaji":"taiken","ja":"体験","english":"experience","freqRank":3242,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ni-kanshite","romaji":"ni kanshite","ja":"に関して","english":null,"freqRank":3244,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-waruguchi","romaji":"waruguchi","ja":"悪口","english":"badmouthing","freqRank":3248,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kono-toori","romaji":"kono toori","ja":"このとおり","english":"like this, as you see","freqRank":3251,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kizuna","romaji":"kizuna","ja":"絆","english":"bond","freqRank":3252,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kuzureru","romaji":"kuzureru","ja":"崩れる","english":"collapse, fall apart","freqRank":3254,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-saikai","romaji":"saikai","ja":"再開","english":"resume, reopen","freqRank":3255,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-you-suru-ni","romaji":"you suru ni","ja":"要するに","english":"in short, basically","freqRank":3257,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-norikomu","romaji":"norikomu","ja":"乗り込む","english":null,"freqRank":3258,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-isogi","romaji":"isogi","ja":"急ぎ","english":"hurry, urgency","freqRank":3264,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-densetsu","romaji":"densetsu","ja":"伝説","english":"legend","freqRank":3265,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sorehodo","romaji":"sorehodo","ja":"それほど","english":"that much, so very","freqRank":3266,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-iza","romaji":"iza","ja":"いざ","english":"when it comes to it","freqRank":3267,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fukkatsu","romaji":"fukkatsu","ja":"復活","english":"revival, comeback","freqRank":3268,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shimei","romaji":"shimei","ja":"指名","english":"name, pick, request (staff)","freqRank":3274,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-inshou","romaji":"inshou","ja":"印象","english":"impression","freqRank":3276,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-assari","romaji":"assari","ja":"あっさり","english":"easily; light (taste)","freqRank":3277,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kitchiri","romaji":"kitchiri","ja":"きっちり","english":"exactly, precisely","freqRank":3281,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fumei","romaji":"fumei","ja":"不明","english":"unknown, unclear","freqRank":3286,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taikutsu","romaji":"taikutsu","ja":"退屈","english":"bored, boring","freqRank":3287,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-apiiru","romaji":"apiiru","ja":"アピール","english":"appeal; promote oneself","freqRank":3291,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-foroo","romaji":"foroo","ja":"フォロー","english":"follow; back someone up","freqRank":3292,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omimai","romaji":"omimai","ja":"お見舞い","english":"visiting someone sick","freqRank":3293,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-batsu","romaji":"batsu","ja":"罰","english":"punishment, penalty","freqRank":3298,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsugitsugi","romaji":"tsugitsugi","ja":"次々","english":"one after another","freqRank":3299,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yuka","romaji":"yuka","ja":"床","english":"floor","freqRank":3300,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-purojekuto","romaji":"purojekuto","ja":"プロジェクト","english":"project","freqRank":3301,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-baransu","romaji":"baransu","ja":"バランス","english":"balance","freqRank":3306,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kingaku","romaji":"kingaku","ja":"金額","english":"amount of money","freqRank":3307,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kyoufu","romaji":"kyoufu","ja":"恐怖","english":"fear, terror","freqRank":3309,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-keikai","romaji":"keikai","ja":"警戒","english":"be wary, be on guard","freqRank":3310,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oshirase","romaji":"oshirase","ja":"お知らせ","english":"notice, announcement","freqRank":3315,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuuyou","romaji":"tsuuyou","ja":"通用","english":"work, be valid","freqRank":3316,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuui","romaji":"shuui","ja":"周囲","english":"surroundings","freqRank":3318,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-deban","romaji":"deban","ja":"出番","english":"one's turn to act","freqRank":3319,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-aidoru","romaji":"aidoru","ja":"アイドル","english":"pop idol","freqRank":3320,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hinto","romaji":"hinto","ja":"ヒント","english":"hint","freqRank":3323,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tenin","romaji":"ten'in","ja":"店員","english":"shop assistant","freqRank":3324,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsukue","romaji":"tsukue","ja":"机","english":"desk","freqRank":3329,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tokuchou","romaji":"tokuchou","ja":"特徴","english":"feature, trait","freqRank":3331,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kuttsuku","romaji":"kuttsuku","ja":"くっつく","english":"stick to","freqRank":3332,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsumu","romaji":"tsumu","ja":"積む","english":"pile up, load","freqRank":3333,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mochidasu","romaji":"mochidasu","ja":"持ち出す","english":"take out; bring up","freqRank":3334,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fukumu","romaji":"fukumu","ja":"含む","english":null,"freqRank":3335,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-saikyou","romaji":"saikyou","ja":"最強","english":"the strongest","freqRank":3336,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kangaenaosu","romaji":"kangaenaosu","ja":"考え直す","english":"reconsider","freqRank":3337,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hokori","romaji":"hokori","ja":"誇り","english":"pride","freqRank":3338,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-joushiki","romaji":"joushiki","ja":"常識","english":"common sense","freqRank":3339,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shiraseru","romaji":"shiraseru","ja":"知らせる","english":"let someone know","freqRank":3340,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-houshin","romaji":"houshin","ja":"方針","english":"policy, approach","freqRank":3342,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-rouka","romaji":"rouka","ja":"廊下","english":"hallway, corridor","freqRank":3346,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitsuyou-to-suru","romaji":"hitsuyou to suru","ja":"必要とする","english":null,"freqRank":3347,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hisho","romaji":"hisho","ja":"秘書","english":"secretary","freqRank":3349,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oyogu","romaji":"oyogu","ja":"泳ぐ","english":"swim","freqRank":3352,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-osananajimi","romaji":"osananajimi","ja":"幼なじみ","english":"childhood friend","freqRank":3355,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-settei","romaji":"settei","ja":"設定","english":"settings; set up","freqRank":3356,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shoujo","romaji":"shoujo","ja":"少女","english":"young girl","freqRank":3357,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oopun","romaji":"oopun","ja":"オープン","english":"opening (of a shop)","freqRank":3358,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hikidasu","romaji":"hikidasu","ja":"引き出す","english":"withdraw (money), draw out","freqRank":3362,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-miushinau","romaji":"miushinau","ja":"見失う","english":null,"freqRank":3364,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-untenshu","romaji":"untenshu","ja":"運転手","english":"driver","freqRank":3366,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bijinesu","romaji":"bijinesu","ja":"ビジネス","english":"business","freqRank":3370,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-utsusu","romaji":"utsusu","ja":"移す","english":"move; pass on (a cold)","freqRank":3371,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-zairyou","romaji":"zairyou","ja":"材料","english":"ingredients, materials","freqRank":3377,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yuushou","romaji":"yuushou","ja":"優勝","english":"win (a championship)","freqRank":3378,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-to-tomo-ni","romaji":"to tomo ni","ja":"とともに","english":null,"freqRank":3383,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-doukou","romaji":"doukou","ja":"同行","english":"go with, accompany","freqRank":3384,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taishou","romaji":"taishou","ja":"対象","english":"target, those eligible","freqRank":3385,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kimetsukeru","romaji":"kimetsukeru","ja":"決めつける","english":"jump to conclusions","freqRank":3386,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-enjiru","romaji":"enjiru","ja":"演じる","english":"act, play a role","freqRank":3387,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koutai","romaji":"koutai","ja":"交代","english":"take turns, swap","freqRank":3388,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-to-sureba","romaji":"to sureba","ja":"とすれば","english":null,"freqRank":3390,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-iidasu","romaji":"iidasu","ja":"言い出す","english":"bring up, start saying","freqRank":3391,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-haato","romaji":"haato","ja":"ハート","english":"heart (shape)","freqRank":3393,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kamoshinnai","romaji":"kamoshinnai","ja":"かもしんない","english":null,"freqRank":3394,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-mittomonai","romaji":"mittomonai","ja":"みっともない","english":"shameful, unsightly","freqRank":3396,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hikkoshi","romaji":"hikkoshi","ja":"引っ越し","english":"moving house; move","freqRank":3404,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-miokuru","romaji":"miokuru","ja":"見送る","english":"see off; pass on","freqRank":3407,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-rieki","romaji":"rieki","ja":"利益","english":"profit","freqRank":3409,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jikai","romaji":"jikai","ja":"次回","english":"next time","freqRank":3411,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-iede","romaji":"iede","ja":"家出","english":"run away from home","freqRank":3412,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oujiru","romaji":"oujiru","ja":"応じる","english":null,"freqRank":3414,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-tokushu","romaji":"tokushu","ja":"特殊","english":"special, unusual","freqRank":3415,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mokugeki","romaji":"mokugeki","ja":"目撃","english":"witness, see happen","freqRank":3417,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shikkaku","romaji":"shikkaku","ja":"失格","english":"disqualification","freqRank":3419,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kitaeru","romaji":"kitaeru","ja":"鍛える","english":"train, build up","freqRank":3420,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-naosara","romaji":"naosara","ja":"なおさら","english":"all the more","freqRank":3421,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ishi","romaji":"ishi","ja":"医師","english":"doctor (formal)","freqRank":3423,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-takaga","romaji":"takaga","ja":"たかが","english":"merely, only","freqRank":3429,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-michibiku","romaji":"michibiku","ja":"導く","english":null,"freqRank":3430,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-yatara","romaji":"yatara","ja":"やたら","english":"excessively, way too","freqRank":3431,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-intai","romaji":"intai","ja":"引退","english":"retirement (sport, showbiz)","freqRank":3432,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kansou","romaji":"kansou","ja":"感想","english":"impressions, thoughts","freqRank":3438,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kiraku","romaji":"kiraku","ja":"気楽","english":"carefree, easygoing","freqRank":3439,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oonaa","romaji":"oonaa","ja":"オーナー","english":"owner","freqRank":3441,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-horeru","romaji":"horeru","ja":"ほれる","english":"fall for","freqRank":3443,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yougi","romaji":"yougi","ja":"容疑","english":"suspicion (of a crime)","freqRank":3446,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tegakari","romaji":"tegakari","ja":"手がかり","english":"clue","freqRank":3448,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-juugyouin","romaji":"juugyouin","ja":"従業員","english":"employee, staff","freqRank":3449,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koukyuu","romaji":"koukyuu","ja":"高級","english":"high-end, luxury","freqRank":3450,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanika-to","romaji":"nanika to","ja":"何かと","english":"in various ways","freqRank":3452,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hiyou","romaji":"hiyou","ja":"費用","english":"cost, expenses","freqRank":3453,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-meate","romaji":"meate","ja":"目当て","english":"aim, what one is after","freqRank":3454,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-housou","romaji":"housou","ja":"放送","english":"broadcast","freqRank":3457,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shima","romaji":"shima","ja":"島","english":"island","freqRank":3458,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-meguru","romaji":"meguru","ja":"巡る","english":null,"freqRank":3459,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-yagate","romaji":"yagate","ja":"やがて","english":null,"freqRank":3460,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-ikani","romaji":"ikani","ja":"いかに","english":null,"freqRank":3463,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shouri","romaji":"shouri","ja":"勝利","english":"victory","freqRank":3464,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tokoton","romaji":"tokoton","ja":"とことん","english":"all the way, thoroughly","freqRank":3465,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-takusu","romaji":"takusu","ja":"託す","english":null,"freqRank":3466,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-tokeru","romaji":"tokeru","ja":"解ける","english":"come undone; be solved","freqRank":3468,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kyanseru","romaji":"kyanseru","ja":"キャンセル","english":"cancel","freqRank":3469,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kashikoi","romaji":"kashikoi","ja":"賢い","english":"clever, smart","freqRank":3471,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oroka","romaji":"oroka","ja":"愚か","english":null,"freqRank":3473,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-teema","romaji":"teema","ja":"テーマ","english":"theme, topic","freqRank":3475,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tegara","romaji":"tegara","ja":"手柄","english":"credit, achievement","freqRank":3476,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kirei","romaji":"kirei","ja":"キレイ","english":null,"freqRank":3477,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kesshin","romaji":"kesshin","ja":"決心","english":"resolve; make up one's mind","freqRank":3478,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kuwawaru","romaji":"kuwawaru","ja":"加わる","english":"join","freqRank":3479,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-maaku","romaji":"maaku","ja":"マーク","english":"mark; keep an eye on","freqRank":3485,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ippouteki","romaji":"ippouteki","ja":"一方的","english":"one-sided","freqRank":3486,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yowaru","romaji":"yowaru","ja":"弱る","english":"get weak; be at a loss","freqRank":3487,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shinsen","romaji":"shinsen","ja":"新鮮","english":"fresh","freqRank":3490,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-paatonaa","romaji":"paatonaa","ja":"パートナー","english":"partner","freqRank":3491,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-samazama","romaji":"samazama","ja":"さまざま","english":null,"freqRank":3492,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-furikaeru","romaji":"furikaeru","ja":"振り返る","english":"look back","freqRank":3493,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-owabi","romaji":"owabi","ja":"おわび","english":"apology","freqRank":3495,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kuzu","romaji":"kuzu","ja":"クズ","english":"scum, worthless person","freqRank":3496,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-iyagarase","romaji":"iyagarase","ja":"嫌がらせ","english":"harassment","freqRank":3497,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuyosa","romaji":"tsuyosa","ja":"強さ","english":"strength","freqRank":3498,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mitsumeru","romaji":"mitsumeru","ja":"見つめる","english":"stare at, gaze at","freqRank":3499,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-onajiku","romaji":"onajiku","ja":"同じく","english":null,"freqRank":3500,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-pawaa","romaji":"pawaa","ja":"パワー","english":"power","freqRank":3501,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kazoeru","romaji":"kazoeru","ja":"数える","english":"count","freqRank":3502,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-anken","romaji":"anken","ja":"案件","english":"matter, case (at work)","freqRank":3503,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shokuyoku","romaji":"shokuyoku","ja":"食欲","english":"appetite","freqRank":3504,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-itatte","romaji":"itatte","ja":"いたって","english":null,"freqRank":3507,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-houritsu","romaji":"houritsu","ja":"法律","english":"law","freqRank":3510,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mochinushi","romaji":"mochinushi","ja":"持ち主","english":"owner","freqRank":3511,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaette","romaji":"kaette","ja":"かえって","english":"on the contrary, if anything","freqRank":3512,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-to-omowareru","romaji":"to omowareru","ja":"と思われる","english":null,"freqRank":3513,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kyouyuu","romaji":"kyouyuu","ja":"共有","english":"share","freqRank":3516,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hee","romaji":"hee","ja":"へぇー","english":null,"freqRank":3518,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-yogosu","romaji":"yogosu","ja":"汚す","english":"make dirty, stain","freqRank":3519,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sentakushi","romaji":"sentakushi","ja":"選択肢","english":"options, choices","freqRank":3520,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dansu","romaji":"dansu","ja":"ダンス","english":"dance","freqRank":3521,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ima-no-mama","romaji":"ima no mama","ja":"今のまま","english":null,"freqRank":3527,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-okujou","romaji":"okujou","ja":"屋上","english":"rooftop","freqRank":3528,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-juken","romaji":"juken","ja":"受験","english":"taking entrance exams","freqRank":3529,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-roku-ni","romaji":"roku ni","ja":"ろくに","english":"(not) properly, hardly","freqRank":3532,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tetsuya","romaji":"tetsuya","ja":"徹夜","english":"stay up all night","freqRank":3534,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-rikutsu","romaji":"rikutsu","ja":"理屈","english":"logic, reasoning","freqRank":3535,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikkoku-mo-hayaku","romaji":"ikkoku mo hayaku","ja":"一刻も早く","english":"as soon as possible","freqRank":3538,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-haruka","romaji":"haruka","ja":"はるか","english":"far, by far","freqRank":3539,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mitasu","romaji":"mitasu","ja":"満たす","english":null,"freqRank":3540,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shikyuu","romaji":"shikyuu","ja":"至急","english":"urgently, ASAP","freqRank":3541,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hibiku","romaji":"hibiku","ja":"響く","english":"echo, resonate","freqRank":3544,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kounyuu","romaji":"kounyuu","ja":"購入","english":"purchase (formal)","freqRank":3545,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taimu","romaji":"taimu","ja":"タイム","english":"time (record); time out","freqRank":3546,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yosan","romaji":"yosan","ja":"予算","english":"budget","freqRank":3547,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-herasu","romaji":"herasu","ja":"減らす","english":"reduce, cut down","freqRank":3551,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bunseki","romaji":"bunseki","ja":"分析","english":"analysis; analyse","freqRank":3556,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yuukai","romaji":"yuukai","ja":"誘拐","english":"kidnapping; kidnap","freqRank":3557,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-suteeji","romaji":"suteeji","ja":"ステージ","english":"stage","freqRank":3559,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kage","romaji":"kage","ja":"陰","english":"shade; behind one's back","freqRank":3561,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-abaku","romaji":"abaku","ja":"暴く","english":null,"freqRank":3565,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-fusei","romaji":"fusei","ja":"不正","english":"fraud, wrongdoing","freqRank":3566,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tengoku","romaji":"tengoku","ja":"天国","english":"heaven","freqRank":3570,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yuujou","romaji":"yuujou","ja":"友情","english":"friendship","freqRank":3572,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sutaa","romaji":"sutaa","ja":"スター","english":"star","freqRank":3573,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shujinkou","romaji":"shujinkou","ja":"主人公","english":"main character","freqRank":3574,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gimon","romaji":"gimon","ja":"疑問","english":"question, doubt","freqRank":3575,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaketsukeru","romaji":"kaketsukeru","ja":"駆けつける","english":null,"freqRank":3578,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-gyoumu","romaji":"gyoumu","ja":"業務","english":"duties, operations","freqRank":3579,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nankai-mo","romaji":"nankai mo","ja":"何回も","english":null,"freqRank":3583,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-dare-ni-demo","romaji":"dare ni demo","ja":"誰にでも","english":null,"freqRank":3585,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-megumareru","romaji":"megumareru","ja":"恵まれる","english":"be blessed with, be lucky","freqRank":3586,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shiboru","romaji":"shiboru","ja":"絞る","english":"squeeze; narrow down","freqRank":3588,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-komento","romaji":"komento","ja":"コメント","english":"comment","freqRank":3589,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-semeru","romaji":"semeru","ja":"攻める","english":"attack, go on offence","freqRank":3591,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-keisatsukan","romaji":"keisatsukan","ja":"警察官","english":"police officer","freqRank":3592,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hikkakaru","romaji":"hikkakaru","ja":"引っ掛かる","english":"get caught on; be fooled","freqRank":3595,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seifuku","romaji":"seifuku","ja":"制服","english":"uniform","freqRank":3598,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shikomu","romaji":"shikomu","ja":"仕込む","english":null,"freqRank":3601,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-gimu","romaji":"gimu","ja":"義務","english":"duty, obligation","freqRank":3604,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-saikon","romaji":"saikon","ja":"再婚","english":"remarry","freqRank":3605,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kurikaeshi","romaji":"kurikaeshi","ja":"繰り返し","english":"repetition","freqRank":3606,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanigoto","romaji":"nanigoto","ja":"何事","english":"what (on earth)","freqRank":3609,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koi-suru","romaji":"koi suru","ja":"恋する","english":"fall in love","freqRank":3610,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-aratameru","romaji":"aratameru","ja":"改める","english":"change, revise; (aratamete) again","freqRank":3612,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kagami","romaji":"kagami","ja":"鏡","english":"mirror","freqRank":3614,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ishi","romaji":"ishi","ja":"意志","english":"will, determination","freqRank":3615,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"w-zehi-2","romaji":"zehi","ja":"是非","english":"definitely; by all means; I'd love to","freqRank":3616,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of w-zehi (same word, near-identical kondo zehi asobi ni kite example)."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"判明","ja":"判明","english":null,"freqRank":3617,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-zetsubou","romaji":"zetsubou","ja":"絶望","english":"despair","freqRank":3621,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kangoshi","romaji":"kangoshi","ja":"看護師","english":"nurse","freqRank":3622,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shousai","romaji":"shousai","ja":"詳細","english":"details","freqRank":3623,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-idou","romaji":"idou","ja":"異動","english":"job transfer","freqRank":3624,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-esa","romaji":"esa","ja":"餌","english":"animal feed, bait","freqRank":3627,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fusoku","romaji":"fusoku","ja":"不足","english":"shortage, lack","freqRank":3628,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tachiagaru","romaji":"tachiagaru","ja":"立ち上がる","english":"stand up","freqRank":3629,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dou-mite-mo","romaji":"dou mite mo","ja":"どう見ても","english":"any way you look at it","freqRank":3631,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-suupu","romaji":"suupu","ja":"スープ","english":"soup","freqRank":3632,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-riaru","romaji":"riaru","ja":"リアル","english":"real, realistic","freqRank":3635,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sugata-o-kesu","romaji":"sugata o kesu","ja":"姿を消す","english":null,"freqRank":3637,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-touroku","romaji":"touroku","ja":"登録","english":"sign up, register; subscribe","freqRank":3638,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shien","romaji":"shien","ja":"支援","english":"support, aid","freqRank":3644,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mousou","romaji":"mousou","ja":"妄想","english":"fantasy; daydream","freqRank":3645,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-joyuu","romaji":"joyuu","ja":"女優","english":"actress","freqRank":3646,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tezukuri","romaji":"tezukuri","ja":"手作り","english":"handmade, homemade","freqRank":3652,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nannimo","romaji":"nannimo","ja":"なんにも","english":null,"freqRank":3653,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shougeki","romaji":"shougeki","ja":"衝撃","english":"shock","freqRank":3656,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuru","romaji":"tsuru","ja":"釣る","english":"fish, catch; lure","freqRank":3657,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shonichi","romaji":"shonichi","ja":"初日","english":"first day","freqRank":3659,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-satsujin-jiken","romaji":"satsujin jiken","ja":"殺人事件","english":"murder case","freqRank":3660,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-meijiru","romaji":"meijiru","ja":"命じる","english":null,"freqRank":3670,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hatten","romaji":"hatten","ja":"発展","english":"development, growth","freqRank":3672,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-wazuka","romaji":"wazuka","ja":"わずか","english":"only, slight","freqRank":3675,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shinkoku","romaji":"shinkoku","ja":"深刻","english":"serious, grave","freqRank":3677,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hogo","romaji":"hogo","ja":"保護","english":"protection; protect","freqRank":3678,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-debyuu","romaji":"debyuu","ja":"デビュー","english":"debut","freqRank":3679,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shoujou","romaji":"shoujou","ja":"症状","english":"symptoms","freqRank":3680,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-minaosu","romaji":"minaosu","ja":"見直す","english":"look over again; rethink","freqRank":3681,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-naifu","romaji":"naifu","ja":"ナイフ","english":"knife","freqRank":3682,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kokorozuyoi","romaji":"kokorozuyoi","ja":"心強い","english":"reassuring","freqRank":3683,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ayumu","romaji":"ayumu","ja":"歩む","english":null,"freqRank":3684,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-chihou","romaji":"chihou","ja":"地方","english":"the regions, countryside","freqRank":3687,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sensou","romaji":"sensou","ja":"戦争","english":"war","freqRank":3691,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hakushu","romaji":"hakushu","ja":"拍手","english":"applause; clap","freqRank":3692,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hikizuru","romaji":"hikizuru","ja":"引きずる","english":"drag; can't get over","freqRank":3693,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nagusameru","romaji":"nagusameru","ja":"慰める","english":"comfort, console","freqRank":3694,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kikan","romaji":"kikan","ja":"期間","english":"period, term","freqRank":3695,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yuurei","romaji":"yuurei","ja":"幽霊","english":"ghost","freqRank":3697,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kasanaru","romaji":"kasanaru","ja":"重なる","english":"overlap, clash","freqRank":3699,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-haka","romaji":"haka","ja":"墓","english":"grave","freqRank":3700,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-busho","romaji":"busho","ja":"部署","english":"department","freqRank":3702,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-youfuku","romaji":"youfuku","ja":"洋服","english":"clothes","freqRank":3704,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yutaka","romaji":"yutaka","ja":"豊か","english":"rich, abundant","freqRank":3708,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-an","romaji":"an","ja":"案","english":"idea, proposal","freqRank":3711,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-pasu","romaji":"pasu","ja":"パス","english":"pass, skip","freqRank":3712,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ishou","romaji":"ishou","ja":"衣装","english":"costume","freqRank":3714,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oitsuku","romaji":"oitsuku","ja":"追いつく","english":"catch up","freqRank":3715,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-moshikuwa","romaji":"moshikuwa","ja":"もしくは","english":null,"freqRank":3716,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-yureru","romaji":"yureru","ja":"揺れる","english":"shake, sway","freqRank":3717,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-saito","romaji":"saito","ja":"サイト","english":"website","freqRank":3719,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-de-nai-to","romaji":"de nai to","ja":"でないと","english":"otherwise","freqRank":3720,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kikai","romaji":"kikai","ja":"機械","english":"machine","freqRank":3724,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-rokuon","romaji":"rokuon","ja":"録音","english":"audio recording; record","freqRank":3727,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-goissho","romaji":"goissho","ja":"ご一緒","english":null,"freqRank":3728,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-besuto","romaji":"besuto","ja":"ベスト","english":"best","freqRank":3729,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sou-iya","romaji":"sou iya","ja":"そういや","english":null,"freqRank":3733,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-rokku","romaji":"rokku","ja":"ロック","english":"rock music; lock","freqRank":3734,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuujou","romaji":"tsuujou","ja":"通常","english":"normal, usual","freqRank":3738,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-genjou","romaji":"genjou","ja":"現状","english":"current situation","freqRank":3739,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chittomo","romaji":"chittomo","ja":"ちっとも","english":"(not) at all","freqRank":3741,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mane","romaji":"mane","ja":"マネ","english":"imitation; copy, imitate","freqRank":3743,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mae-ni-susumu","romaji":"mae ni susumu","ja":"前に進む","english":"move forward, move on","freqRank":3744,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-moyasu","romaji":"moyasu","ja":"燃やす","english":"burn","freqRank":3745,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seika","romaji":"seika","ja":"成果","english":"results, outcome","freqRank":3747,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sasoi","romaji":"sasoi","ja":"誘い","english":"invitation","freqRank":3748,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uchiakeru","romaji":"uchiakeru","ja":"打ち明ける","english":"confide, open up","freqRank":3750,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-akumademo","romaji":"akumademo","ja":"あくまでも","english":"strictly, only, to the end","freqRank":3751,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hieru","romaji":"hieru","ja":"冷える","english":"get cold, chill","freqRank":3752,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sashiire","romaji":"sashiire","ja":"差し入れ","english":"treats brought for others","freqRank":3758,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-warai","romaji":"warai","ja":"笑い","english":"laughter","freqRank":3759,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-meishi","romaji":"meishi","ja":"名刺","english":"business card","freqRank":3760,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-douyou","romaji":"douyou","ja":"同様","english":null,"freqRank":3761,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hiiroo","romaji":"hiiroo","ja":"ヒーロー","english":"hero","freqRank":3764,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sou-itta","romaji":"sou itta","ja":"そういった","english":null,"freqRank":3766,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-senden","romaji":"senden","ja":"宣伝","english":"advertising, promotion","freqRank":3767,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shukkin","romaji":"shukkin","ja":"出勤","english":"going to work","freqRank":3768,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seijika","romaji":"seijika","ja":"政治家","english":"politician","freqRank":3770,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shoutai","romaji":"shoutai","ja":"招待","english":"invitation; invite","freqRank":3771,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dokeru","romaji":"dokeru","ja":"どける","english":"move out of the way","freqRank":3772,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sapuraizu","romaji":"sapuraizu","ja":"サプライズ","english":"surprise (party, gift)","freqRank":3773,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-honkakuteki","romaji":"honkakuteki","ja":"本格的","english":"full-scale, authentic","freqRank":3775,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-zankoku","romaji":"zankoku","ja":"残酷","english":"cruel","freqRank":3780,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sono-kekka","romaji":"sono kekka","ja":"その結果","english":"as a result","freqRank":3781,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-akka","romaji":"akka","ja":"悪化","english":"get worse","freqRank":3782,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shishou","romaji":"shishou","ja":"師匠","english":"master, mentor","freqRank":3785,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uma","romaji":"uma","ja":"馬","english":"horse","freqRank":3787,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kizukai","romaji":"kizukai","ja":"気遣い","english":"consideration, thoughtfulness","freqRank":3788,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-torishirabe","romaji":"torishirabe","ja":"取り調べ","english":null,"freqRank":3790,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-shuugou","romaji":"shuugou","ja":"集合","english":"meet up, gather","freqRank":3791,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-zaisan","romaji":"zaisan","ja":"財産","english":"assets, fortune","freqRank":3794,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ganko","romaji":"ganko","ja":"頑固","english":"stubborn","freqRank":3795,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-auto","romaji":"auto","ja":"アウト","english":"out; not okay","freqRank":3798,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-keimusho","romaji":"keimusho","ja":"刑務所","english":"prison","freqRank":3800,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tanomoshii","romaji":"tanomoshii","ja":"頼もしい","english":"reliable, dependable","freqRank":3801,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsukiai","romaji":"tsukiai","ja":"つきあい","english":"socialising, relationship","freqRank":3803,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ningyou","romaji":"ningyou","ja":"人形","english":"doll","freqRank":3805,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omowazu","romaji":"omowazu","ja":"思わず","english":"without meaning to","freqRank":3808,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-puran","romaji":"puran","ja":"プラン","english":"plan","freqRank":3812,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nonki","romaji":"nonki","ja":"のんき","english":"easygoing, carefree","freqRank":3813,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitomazu","romaji":"hitomazu","ja":"ひとまず","english":"for now, for the time being","freqRank":3814,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-daitan","romaji":"daitan","ja":"大胆","english":"bold, daring","freqRank":3815,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-konjou","romaji":"konjou","ja":"根性","english":"guts, grit","freqRank":3817,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tonda","romaji":"tonda","ja":"とんだ","english":null,"freqRank":3818,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-seishun","romaji":"seishun","ja":"青春","english":"youth","freqRank":3819,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shiro","romaji":"shiro","ja":"城","english":"castle","freqRank":3820,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nde","romaji":"nde","ja":"んで","english":null,"freqRank":3821,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-gaishutsu","romaji":"gaishutsu","ja":"外出","english":"going out","freqRank":3823,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kirakira","romaji":"kirakira","ja":"キラキラ","english":"sparkling, glittering","freqRank":3825,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sekinin-o-toru","romaji":"sekinin o toru","ja":"責任を取る","english":"take responsibility","freqRank":3826,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mimoto","romaji":"mimoto","ja":"身元","english":null,"freqRank":3827,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-shusseki","romaji":"shusseki","ja":"出席","english":"attendance; attend","freqRank":3831,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-arya","romaji":"arya","ja":"ありゃ","english":null,"freqRank":3832,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nooto","romaji":"nooto","ja":"ノート","english":"notebook","freqRank":3835,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-meiyo","romaji":"meiyo","ja":"名誉","english":"honour","freqRank":3836,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yuku","romaji":"yuku","ja":"ゆく","english":null,"freqRank":3838,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-oote","romaji":"oote","ja":"大手","english":"major (company)","freqRank":3839,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-boshuu","romaji":"boshuu","ja":"募集","english":"recruiting, call for applicants","freqRank":3842,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuchi","romaji":"tsuchi","ja":"土","english":"soil, earth","freqRank":3844,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-senpou","romaji":"senpou","ja":"先方","english":"the other party (client)","freqRank":3845,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-maru","romaji":"maru","ja":"丸","english":"circle; correct mark","freqRank":3846,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chousei","romaji":"chousei","ja":"調整","english":"adjust, sort out (schedules)","freqRank":3847,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-juku","romaji":"juku","ja":"塾","english":"cram school","freqRank":3848,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ayatsuru","romaji":"ayatsuru","ja":"操る","english":null,"freqRank":3849,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-nami","romaji":"nami","ja":"波","english":"wave","freqRank":3851,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ruuto","romaji":"ruuto","ja":"ルート","english":"route","freqRank":3856,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hanbai","romaji":"hanbai","ja":"販売","english":"sale, selling","freqRank":3858,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shikiru","romaji":"shikiru","ja":"仕切る","english":"run, be in charge","freqRank":3859,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-iyasu","romaji":"iyasu","ja":"癒やす","english":"soothe, heal","freqRank":3860,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nichijou","romaji":"nichijou","ja":"日常","english":"everyday life","freqRank":3863,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-toushi","romaji":"toushi","ja":"投資","english":"investment; invest","freqRank":3865,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"侵入","ja":"侵入","english":null,"freqRank":3867,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kuria","romaji":"kuria","ja":"クリア","english":"clear (a goal, level)","freqRank":3870,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nogareru","romaji":"nogareru","ja":"逃れる","english":null,"freqRank":3872,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-akireru","romaji":"akireru","ja":"あきれる","english":"be fed up, be amazed","freqRank":3873,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sedai","romaji":"sedai","ja":"世代","english":"generation","freqRank":3881,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chuukoku","romaji":"chuukoku","ja":"忠告","english":"warning, advice","freqRank":3883,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-puresshaa","romaji":"puresshaa","ja":"プレッシャー","english":"pressure","freqRank":3888,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"支配","ja":"支配","english":null,"freqRank":3891,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-ihan","romaji":"ihan","ja":"違反","english":"violation, offence","freqRank":3892,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koosu","romaji":"koosu","ja":"コース","english":"course","freqRank":3894,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hanatsu","romaji":"hanatsu","ja":"放つ","english":null,"freqRank":3895,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-torihiki","romaji":"torihiki","ja":"取引","english":"deal, transaction","freqRank":3897,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shimatsu","romaji":"shimatsu","ja":"始末","english":"deal with, clean up","freqRank":3898,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nazenara","romaji":"nazenara","ja":"なぜなら","english":"because (formal)","freqRank":3898,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taagetto","romaji":"taagetto","ja":"ターゲット","english":"target","freqRank":3901,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dou-kangaete-mo","romaji":"dou kangaete mo","ja":"どう考えても","english":"however you think about it","freqRank":3903,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yori-ni-yotte","romaji":"yori ni yotte","ja":"よりによって","english":"of all things/times","freqRank":3904,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-enerugii","romaji":"enerugii","ja":"エネルギー","english":"energy","freqRank":3905,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-osoku","romaji":"osoku","ja":"遅く","english":null,"freqRank":3907,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shimei","romaji":"shimei","ja":"使命","english":"mission, calling","freqRank":3912,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chokin","romaji":"chokin","ja":"貯金","english":"savings; save money","freqRank":3913,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-takaramono","romaji":"takaramono","ja":"宝物","english":"treasure","freqRank":3914,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-honbu","romaji":"honbu","ja":"本部","english":"headquarters","freqRank":3915,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"容赦","ja":"容赦","english":null,"freqRank":3916,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-yakuwari","romaji":"yakuwari","ja":"役割","english":"role","freqRank":3918,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hani","romaji":"han'i","ja":"範囲","english":"range, scope","freqRank":3923,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shisei","romaji":"shisei","ja":"姿勢","english":"posture; attitude","freqRank":3924,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-musekinin","romaji":"musekinin","ja":"無責任","english":"irresponsible","freqRank":3925,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hassou","romaji":"hassou","ja":"発想","english":"idea, way of thinking","freqRank":3926,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oyoso","romaji":"oyoso","ja":"およそ","english":"roughly, approximately","freqRank":3927,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-naibu","romaji":"naibu","ja":"内部","english":"inside, internal","freqRank":3928,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nan-to-iu","romaji":"nan to iu","ja":"何と言う","english":null,"freqRank":3929,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kikidasu","romaji":"kikidasu","ja":"聞き出す","english":null,"freqRank":3930,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-uchuu","romaji":"uchuu","ja":"宇宙","english":"space, universe","freqRank":3931,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-suggee","romaji":"suggee","ja":"すっげえ","english":null,"freqRank":3932,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-seishinteki","romaji":"seishinteki","ja":"精神的","english":"mental, emotional","freqRank":3934,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-te-ni-suru","romaji":"te ni suru","ja":"手にする","english":null,"freqRank":3937,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hitojichi","romaji":"hitojichi","ja":"人質","english":null,"freqRank":3940,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-utsuwa","romaji":"utsuwa","ja":"器","english":"dish; calibre","freqRank":3941,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kensetsu","romaji":"kensetsu","ja":"建設","english":"construction","freqRank":3943,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-arieru","romaji":"arieru","ja":"あり得る","english":"be possible, could happen","freqRank":3944,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seikyuu","romaji":"seikyuu","ja":"請求","english":"bill, charge; claim","freqRank":3946,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-amaru","romaji":"amaru","ja":"余る","english":"be left over","freqRank":3948,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"要請","ja":"要請","english":null,"freqRank":3949,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kanshin","romaji":"kanshin","ja":"感心","english":"be impressed, admire","freqRank":3951,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bakudan","romaji":"bakudan","ja":"爆弾","english":null,"freqRank":3952,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-sekininsha","romaji":"sekininsha","ja":"責任者","english":"person in charge","freqRank":3957,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seishin","romaji":"seishin","ja":"精神","english":"spirit, mind","freqRank":3958,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ichiryuu","romaji":"ichiryuu","ja":"一流","english":"first-class","freqRank":3960,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-suisen","romaji":"suisen","ja":"推薦","english":"recommendation; recommend","freqRank":3961,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yasumeru","romaji":"yasumeru","ja":"休める","english":"rest (body, eyes)","freqRank":3963,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"捜索","ja":"捜索","english":null,"freqRank":3965,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-taiki","romaji":"taiki","ja":"待機","english":"stand by, wait","freqRank":3967,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ranbou","romaji":"ranbou","ja":"乱暴","english":"rough, violent","freqRank":3969,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"脅迫","ja":"脅迫","english":null,"freqRank":3971,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-miataru","romaji":"miataru","ja":"見当たる","english":"be found (miataranai)","freqRank":3972,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kikoku","romaji":"kikoku","ja":"帰国","english":"return to one's country","freqRank":3973,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nisemono","romaji":"nisemono","ja":"偽物","english":"fake","freqRank":3975,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fumikomu","romaji":"fumikomu","ja":"踏み込む","english":null,"freqRank":3977,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-houdou","romaji":"houdou","ja":"報道","english":"news coverage","freqRank":3978,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-meshi","romaji":"meshi","ja":"めし","english":"meal, food (rough)","freqRank":3979,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of 飯 (meshi), the same word written in kana."},{"id":"cut-ooyake","romaji":"ooyake","ja":"公","english":"public, official","freqRank":3980,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-masutaa","romaji":"masutaa","ja":"マスター","english":"master (a skill)","freqRank":3982,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jiyuu-ni","romaji":"jiyuu ni","ja":"自由に","english":"freely, as you like","freqRank":3983,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsugi-ni","romaji":"tsugi ni","ja":"次に","english":null,"freqRank":3985,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-totonou","romaji":"totonou","ja":"整う","english":"be ready, be in order","freqRank":3987,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dakara-to-itte","romaji":"dakara to itte","ja":"だからといって","english":"that doesn't mean","freqRank":3988,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taisho","romaji":"taisho","ja":"対処","english":"deal with, cope","freqRank":3989,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yorisou","romaji":"yorisou","ja":"寄り添う","english":null,"freqRank":3990,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shougai","romaji":"shougai","ja":"生涯","english":"lifetime","freqRank":3991,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sou-naru-to","romaji":"sou naru to","ja":"そうなると","english":"in that case","freqRank":3992,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sono-koro","romaji":"sono koro","ja":"そのころ","english":"at that time","freqRank":3993,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-honmyou","romaji":"honmyou","ja":"本名","english":"real name","freqRank":3996,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sore-irai","romaji":"sore irai","ja":"それ以来","english":"ever since then","freqRank":3999,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kamaeru","romaji":"kamaeru","ja":"構える","english":null,"freqRank":4000,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-mitodokeru","romaji":"mitodokeru","ja":"見届ける","english":null,"freqRank":4001,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-dou-ni-mo","romaji":"dou ni mo","ja":"どうにも","english":"(not) at all, no way","freqRank":4002,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shanai","romaji":"shanai","ja":"社内","english":"within the company","freqRank":4003,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shozoku","romaji":"shozoku","ja":"所属","english":"belong to, be part of","freqRank":4006,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakkoii","romaji":"kakkoii","ja":"カッコいい","english":"cool, good-looking","freqRank":4012,"score":5,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of かっこいい (katakana spelling); kept かっこいい, which ranks higher."},{"id":"cut-shinkou","romaji":"shinkou","ja":"進行","english":"progress, go ahead","freqRank":4013,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tama","romaji":"tama","ja":"弾","english":null,"freqRank":4014,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-ikka","romaji":"ikka","ja":"一家","english":"household, family","freqRank":4017,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-naniyori-mo","romaji":"naniyori mo","ja":"何よりも","english":"above all, more than anything","freqRank":4018,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shoku","romaji":"shoku","ja":"職","english":"job, post","freqRank":4019,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-toubun","romaji":"toubun","ja":"当分","english":"for the time being","freqRank":4020,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-toshiyori","romaji":"toshiyori","ja":"年寄り","english":"old people","freqRank":4022,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kehai","romaji":"kehai","ja":"気配","english":"sign, presence","freqRank":4029,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shokunin","romaji":"shokunin","ja":"職人","english":"craftsman","freqRank":4032,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chikajika","romaji":"chikajika","ja":"近々","english":"soon, shortly","freqRank":4033,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mochikaeru","romaji":"mochikaeru","ja":"持ち帰る","english":"take home, take away","freqRank":4034,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ichiin","romaji":"ichiin","ja":"一員","english":"member","freqRank":4035,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uketsugu","romaji":"uketsugu","ja":"受け継ぐ","english":null,"freqRank":4036,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-futo","romaji":"futo","ja":"ふと","english":"suddenly, by chance","freqRank":4037,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hairikomu","romaji":"hairikomu","ja":"入り込む","english":null,"freqRank":4038,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kousai","romaji":"kousai","ja":"交際","english":"dating, relationship (formal)","freqRank":4040,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-happii","romaji":"happii","ja":"ハッピー","english":"happy","freqRank":4041,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-menkai","romaji":"menkai","ja":"面会","english":"visit (hospital, prison)","freqRank":4042,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-myouji","romaji":"myouji","ja":"名字","english":"surname","freqRank":4043,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"w-nantonaku-2","romaji":"nantonaku","ja":"なんとなく","english":"somehow; for no particular reason; vaguely","freqRank":4044,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of w-nantonaku (same word, same gloss and use)."},{"id":"cut-damedame","romaji":"damedame","ja":"ダメダメ","english":null,"freqRank":4047,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shousetsu","romaji":"shousetsu","ja":"小説","english":"novel","freqRank":4050,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bukiyou","romaji":"bukiyou","ja":"不器用","english":"clumsy, awkward","freqRank":4051,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitasura","romaji":"hitasura","ja":"ひたすら","english":"single-mindedly, nonstop","freqRank":4052,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shiin","romaji":"shiin","ja":"シーン","english":"scene","freqRank":4053,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gurasu","romaji":"gurasu","ja":"グラス","english":"glass","freqRank":4054,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kurisumasu","romaji":"kurisumasu","ja":"クリスマス","english":"Christmas","freqRank":4055,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-intabyuu","romaji":"intabyuu","ja":"インタビュー","english":"interview","freqRank":4058,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-osameru","romaji":"osameru","ja":"収める","english":null,"freqRank":4059,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-jikken","romaji":"jikken","ja":"実験","english":"experiment","freqRank":4060,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kono-you-ni","romaji":"kono you ni","ja":"このように","english":null,"freqRank":4062,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-iyagaru","romaji":"iyagaru","ja":"嫌がる","english":"dislike, be reluctant","freqRank":4064,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fushin","romaji":"fushin","ja":"不審","english":"suspicious","freqRank":4065,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mahou","romaji":"mahou","ja":"魔法","english":"magic","freqRank":4066,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-burando","romaji":"burando","ja":"ブランド","english":"brand","freqRank":4068,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-aijin","romaji":"aijin","ja":"愛人","english":null,"freqRank":4070,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-nanda-to","romaji":"nanda to","ja":"なんだと","english":null,"freqRank":4071,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-oshikakeru","romaji":"oshikakeru","ja":"押しかける","english":null,"freqRank":4072,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-tachiageru","romaji":"tachiageru","ja":"立ち上げる","english":"start up, launch","freqRank":4073,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-surudoi","romaji":"surudoi","ja":"鋭い","english":"sharp","freqRank":4074,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-konnan","romaji":"konnan","ja":"困難","english":"difficulty","freqRank":4075,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-toshishita","romaji":"toshishita","ja":"年下","english":"younger (person)","freqRank":4076,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-boroboro","romaji":"boroboro","ja":"ボロボロ","english":"worn out, in tatters","freqRank":4078,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"w-uso-o-tsuku","romaji":"uso o tsuku","ja":"嘘をつく","english":"lie, tell a lie","freqRank":4080,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Already taught as uso o tsuku in an earlier list."},{"id":"cut-kengaku","romaji":"kengaku","ja":"見学","english":"tour, visit to observe","freqRank":4082,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-peesu","romaji":"peesu","ja":"ペース","english":"pace","freqRank":4084,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dorehodo","romaji":"dorehodo","ja":"どれほど","english":"how much, to what extent","freqRank":4085,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-makoto-ni","romaji":"makoto ni","ja":"誠に","english":"truly, sincerely (formal)","freqRank":4087,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-idomu","romaji":"idomu","ja":"挑む","english":null,"freqRank":4088,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kyodai","romaji":"kyodai","ja":"巨大","english":"huge, gigantic","freqRank":4092,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mujitsu","romaji":"mujitsu","ja":"無実","english":null,"freqRank":4094,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-tomo","romaji":"tomo","ja":"友","english":"friend (literary)","freqRank":4100,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jouren","romaji":"jouren","ja":"常連","english":"regular (customer)","freqRank":4101,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-rain","romaji":"rain","ja":"LINE","english":"LINE (messaging app)","freqRank":4102,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of ライン (same word and rank, the LINE app); kept under ライン."},{"id":"cut-kinodoku","romaji":"kinodoku","ja":"気の毒","english":"unfortunate, a pity","freqRank":4103,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chizu","romaji":"chizu","ja":"地図","english":"map","freqRank":4104,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sekaiichi","romaji":"sekaiichi","ja":"世界一","english":"world's best","freqRank":4105,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuuri","romaji":"shuuri","ja":"修理","english":"repair, fix","freqRank":4111,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sassuru","romaji":"sassuru","ja":"察する","english":"sense, guess","freqRank":4113,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-barasu","romaji":"barasu","ja":"バラす","english":"spill (a secret), expose","freqRank":4114,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuranuku","romaji":"tsuranuku","ja":"貫く","english":null,"freqRank":4115,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-gooru","romaji":"gooru","ja":"ゴール","english":"goal","freqRank":4116,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakutei","romaji":"kakutei","ja":"確定","english":"be settled, confirmed","freqRank":4118,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sekkyokuteki","romaji":"sekkyokuteki","ja":"積極的","english":"proactive, keen","freqRank":4119,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ideru","romaji":"ideru","ja":"いでる","english":null,"freqRank":4120,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-yumemiru","romaji":"yumemiru","ja":"夢見る","english":null,"freqRank":4121,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-omake-ni","romaji":"omake ni","ja":"おまけに","english":"on top of that","freqRank":4123,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kudasu","romaji":"kudasu","ja":"下す","english":null,"freqRank":4124,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-darou-ka","romaji":"darou ka","ja":"だろうか","english":null,"freqRank":4125,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tachinaoru","romaji":"tachinaoru","ja":"立ち直る","english":"bounce back, recover","freqRank":4127,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nakeru","romaji":"nakeru","ja":"泣ける","english":"be moving, make you cry","freqRank":4128,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koto-naku","romaji":"koto naku","ja":"ことなく","english":null,"freqRank":4132,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-poketto","romaji":"poketto","ja":"ポケット","english":"pocket","freqRank":4133,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-han","romaji":"han","ja":"班","english":"group, squad","freqRank":4135,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hosoi","romaji":"hosoi","ja":"細い","english":"thin, narrow","freqRank":4136,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oomono","romaji":"oomono","ja":"大物","english":"big shot","freqRank":4137,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oubo","romaji":"oubo","ja":"応募","english":"apply, enter (a contest)","freqRank":4139,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ushi","romaji":"ushi","ja":"牛","english":"cow","freqRank":4143,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ijime","romaji":"ijime","ja":"いじめ","english":"bullying","freqRank":4144,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yakkai","romaji":"yakkai","ja":"厄介","english":"troublesome","freqRank":4145,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"w-mendou-o-miru","romaji":"mendou o miru","ja":"面倒を見る","english":"look after, take care of","freqRank":4146,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Already taught as mendou o miru in an earlier list."},{"id":"cut-kosodate","romaji":"kosodate","ja":"子育て","english":"raising children","freqRank":4148,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-machiawase","romaji":"machiawase","ja":"待ち合わせ","english":"arranged meet-up","freqRank":4150,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taitoru","romaji":"taitoru","ja":"タイトル","english":"title","freqRank":4151,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mein","romaji":"mein","ja":"メイン","english":"main","freqRank":4152,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-obieru","romaji":"obieru","ja":"おびえる","english":null,"freqRank":4153,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shokuin","romaji":"shokuin","ja":"職員","english":"staff member","freqRank":4155,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-okata","romaji":"okata","ja":"お方","english":null,"freqRank":4161,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-gan","romaji":"gan","ja":"がん","english":"cancer","freqRank":4162,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikisaki","romaji":"ikisaki","ja":"行き先","english":"destination","freqRank":4163,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-eesu","romaji":"eesu","ja":"エース","english":"ace","freqRank":4164,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-unzari","romaji":"unzari","ja":"うんざり","english":"fed up, sick of it","freqRank":4165,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-getto","romaji":"getto","ja":"ゲット","english":"get, grab","freqRank":4168,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kuukan","romaji":"kuukan","ja":"空間","english":"space","freqRank":4169,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hataraki","romaji":"hataraki","ja":"働き","english":"work, function","freqRank":4170,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kanren","romaji":"kanren","ja":"関連","english":"connection, related","freqRank":4171,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mazeru","romaji":"mazeru","ja":"混ぜる","english":"mix, stir","freqRank":4172,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bouhan-kamera","romaji":"bouhan kamera","ja":"防犯カメラ","english":"security camera","freqRank":4173,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koori","romaji":"koori","ja":"氷","english":"ice","freqRank":4176,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gokigen","romaji":"gokigen","ja":"ご機嫌","english":"mood; in high spirits","freqRank":4177,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chii","romaji":"chii","ja":"地位","english":"status, position","freqRank":4179,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nochihodo","romaji":"nochihodo","ja":"後ほど","english":"later (polite)","freqRank":4180,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tonai","romaji":"tonai","ja":"都内","english":"within Tokyo","freqRank":4181,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uku","romaji":"uku","ja":"浮く","english":"float; stick out, not fit in","freqRank":4182,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mijime","romaji":"mijime","ja":"惨め","english":"miserable","freqRank":4183,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koukai","romaji":"koukai","ja":"公開","english":"release, make public","freqRank":4185,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nani-hitotsu","romaji":"nani hitotsu","ja":"何一つ","english":"not a single thing","freqRank":4186,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sore-yori-mo","romaji":"sore yori mo","ja":"それよりも","english":"more than that; anyway","freqRank":4187,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicates それより (same meaning with emphatic mo); covered in its notes."},{"id":"cut-waza","romaji":"waza","ja":"技","english":"technique, move","freqRank":4189,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sonaeru","romaji":"sonaeru","ja":"備える","english":"prepare for","freqRank":4193,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kasegeru","romaji":"kasegeru","ja":"稼げる","english":"can earn, pay well","freqRank":4195,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sekuhara","romaji":"sekuhara","ja":"セクハラ","english":"sexual harassment","freqRank":4196,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-akashi","romaji":"akashi","ja":"証し","english":null,"freqRank":4199,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shinsaku","romaji":"shinsaku","ja":"新作","english":"new release, new item","freqRank":4200,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"尾行","ja":"尾行","english":null,"freqRank":4202,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-fushizen","romaji":"fushizen","ja":"不自然","english":"unnatural","freqRank":4204,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakuritsu","romaji":"kakuritsu","ja":"確率","english":"probability, odds","freqRank":4206,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ni-mo-kakawarazu","romaji":"ni mo kakawarazu","ja":"にもかかわらず","english":null,"freqRank":4207,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-ito","romaji":"ito","ja":"糸","english":"thread","freqRank":4208,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-akasu","romaji":"akasu","ja":"明かす","english":null,"freqRank":4209,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hatake","romaji":"hatake","ja":"畑","english":"field (crops)","freqRank":4210,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tadoritsuku","romaji":"tadoritsuku","ja":"たどり着く","english":"finally reach","freqRank":4211,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-otanoshimi","romaji":"otanoshimi","ja":"お楽しみ","english":null,"freqRank":4214,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-gouka","romaji":"gouka","ja":"豪華","english":"luxurious","freqRank":4215,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yuumeijin","romaji":"yuumeijin","ja":"有名人","english":"celebrity","freqRank":4216,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-konasu","romaji":"konasu","ja":"こなす","english":"handle, get through (tasks)","freqRank":4218,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shimon","romaji":"shimon","ja":"指紋","english":null,"freqRank":4219,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kome","romaji":"kome","ja":"米","english":"rice (uncooked)","freqRank":4220,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-barabara","romaji":"barabara","ja":"バラバラ","english":"scattered, in pieces","freqRank":4221,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-zaiakukan","romaji":"zaiakukan","ja":"罪悪感","english":"guilt","freqRank":4223,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kouhyou","romaji":"kouhyou","ja":"公表","english":"official announcement","freqRank":4224,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-goukon","romaji":"goukon","ja":"合コン","english":"group blind date","freqRank":4225,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-totonoeru","romaji":"totonoeru","ja":"整える","english":"tidy, put in order","freqRank":4226,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yake-ni","romaji":"yake ni","ja":"やけに","english":"awfully, oddly","freqRank":4227,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanika-shira","romaji":"nanika shira","ja":"何かしら","english":"something or other","freqRank":4229,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-morasu","romaji":"morasu","ja":"漏らす","english":"leak; wet oneself","freqRank":4230,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tomonau","romaji":"tomonau","ja":"伴う","english":null,"freqRank":4231,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-niramu","romaji":"niramu","ja":"にらむ","english":"glare at","freqRank":4232,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yoroshikereba","romaji":"yoroshikereba","ja":"よろしければ","english":null,"freqRank":4234,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tachimukau","romaji":"tachimukau","ja":"立ち向かう","english":null,"freqRank":4238,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-saishin","romaji":"saishin","ja":"最新","english":"latest","freqRank":4239,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yakusha","romaji":"yakusha","ja":"役者","english":"actor","freqRank":4242,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sosogu","romaji":"sosogu","ja":"注ぐ","english":null,"freqRank":4243,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-genkou","romaji":"genkou","ja":"原稿","english":"manuscript, draft","freqRank":4245,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-minarau","romaji":"minarau","ja":"見習う","english":"learn from, follow example","freqRank":4246,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-takuramu","romaji":"takuramu","ja":"たくらむ","english":null,"freqRank":4248,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-konyakusha","romaji":"kon'yakusha","ja":"婚約者","english":"fiancé(e)","freqRank":4249,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-zonjiru","romaji":"zonjiru","ja":"存じる","english":"know, think (humble)","freqRank":4250,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sousou","romaji":"sousou","ja":"早々","english":"early, right away","freqRank":4251,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kokumin","romaji":"kokumin","ja":"国民","english":"the people, citizens","freqRank":4252,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ippan","romaji":"ippan","ja":"一般","english":"general (public)","freqRank":4254,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tamaru-ka","romaji":"tamaru ka","ja":"たまるか","english":null,"freqRank":4255,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-umidasu","romaji":"umidasu","ja":"生み出す","english":null,"freqRank":4257,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-hatsukoi","romaji":"hatsukoi","ja":"初恋","english":"first love","freqRank":4261,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yama-hodo","romaji":"yama hodo","ja":"山ほど","english":"tons of","freqRank":4262,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taishoku","romaji":"taishoku","ja":"退職","english":"leave a job, retire","freqRank":4263,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taru","romaji":"taru","ja":"足る","english":null,"freqRank":4265,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-yabee","romaji":"yabee","ja":"やべえ","english":null,"freqRank":4269,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-houchi","romaji":"houchi","ja":"放置","english":"leave alone, neglect","freqRank":4270,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kazukazu","romaji":"kazukazu","ja":"数々","english":null,"freqRank":4271,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-purasu","romaji":"purasu","ja":"プラス","english":"plus; a plus","freqRank":4273,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jounetsu","romaji":"jounetsu","ja":"情熱","english":"passion","freqRank":4274,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hotoke","romaji":"hotoke","ja":"ほとけ","english":null,"freqRank":4275,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kensaku","romaji":"kensaku","ja":"検索","english":"search (online)","freqRank":4276,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ryuugaku","romaji":"ryuugaku","ja":"留学","english":"study abroad","freqRank":4277,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-arasoi","romaji":"arasoi","ja":"争い","english":"conflict, dispute","freqRank":4278,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-setchi","romaji":"setchi","ja":"設置","english":"install, set up","freqRank":4279,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sakka","romaji":"sakka","ja":"作家","english":"writer","freqRank":4280,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mukankei","romaji":"mukankei","ja":"無関係","english":"unrelated","freqRank":4282,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-komoru","romaji":"komoru","ja":"こもる","english":"shut oneself in","freqRank":4283,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sensai","romaji":"sensai","ja":"繊細","english":"sensitive, delicate","freqRank":4284,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sukikatte","romaji":"sukikatte","ja":"好き勝手","english":null,"freqRank":4285,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-najimu","romaji":"najimu","ja":"なじむ","english":"fit in, settle in","freqRank":4287,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-iwaba","romaji":"iwaba","ja":"いわば","english":"so to speak","freqRank":4288,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-okkii","romaji":"okkii","ja":"おっきい","english":null,"freqRank":4289,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-abura","romaji":"abura","ja":"油","english":"oil","freqRank":4292,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shatsu","romaji":"shatsu","ja":"シャツ","english":"shirt","freqRank":4296,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kirikaeru","romaji":"kirikaeru","ja":"切り替える","english":"switch, reset (mood)","freqRank":4300,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-pinchi","romaji":"pinchi","ja":"ピンチ","english":"pinch, crisis","freqRank":4302,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-honsha","romaji":"honsha","ja":"本社","english":"head office","freqRank":4303,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dokuritsu","romaji":"dokuritsu","ja":"独立","english":"independence, going solo","freqRank":4304,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakudai","romaji":"kakudai","ja":"拡大","english":"enlarge, zoom in, spread","freqRank":4305,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuuka","romaji":"tsuuka","ja":"つうか","english":"I mean; or rather","freqRank":4307,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dengon","romaji":"dengon","ja":"伝言","english":"message (passed on)","freqRank":4308,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shokudou","romaji":"shokudou","ja":"食堂","english":"cafeteria, diner","freqRank":4309,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-miren","romaji":"miren","ja":"未練","english":"lingering attachment","freqRank":4311,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hokoru","romaji":"hokoru","ja":"誇る","english":null,"freqRank":4313,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-rasuto","romaji":"rasuto","ja":"ラスト","english":"the last, the end","freqRank":4316,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-keibi","romaji":"keibi","ja":"警備","english":"security, guarding","freqRank":4320,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-setsunai","romaji":"setsunai","ja":"切ない","english":"heartrending, bittersweet","freqRank":4321,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-keieisha","romaji":"keieisha","ja":"経営者","english":"business owner","freqRank":4322,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shutsuen","romaji":"shutsuen","ja":"出演","english":"appear (on TV, in film)","freqRank":4323,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kontorooru","romaji":"kontorooru","ja":"コントロール","english":"control","freqRank":4324,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yarakasu","romaji":"yarakasu","ja":"やらかす","english":"mess up, screw up","freqRank":4325,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-rirakkusu","romaji":"rirakkusu","ja":"リラックス","english":"relax","freqRank":4328,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hee","romaji":"hee","ja":"へぇ","english":null,"freqRank":4329,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-houkokusho","romaji":"houkokusho","ja":"報告書","english":"report (document)","freqRank":4330,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hoteru","romaji":"hoteru","ja":"熱る","english":null,"freqRank":4333,"score":1,"verdict":"rare","reason":"rare"},{"id":"cut-zeitaku","romaji":"zeitaku","ja":"ぜいたく","english":"luxury, extravagant","freqRank":4334,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-iryou","romaji":"iryou","ja":"医療","english":"medical care","freqRank":4335,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kokyuu","romaji":"kokyuu","ja":"呼吸","english":"breathing; breathe","freqRank":4337,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hanbaagu","romaji":"hanbaagu","ja":"ハンバーグ","english":"hamburger steak","freqRank":4338,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sengen","romaji":"sengen","ja":"宣言","english":"declaration; declare","freqRank":4340,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hokan","romaji":"hokan","ja":"保管","english":"store, keep safe","freqRank":4341,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jinzai","romaji":"jinzai","ja":"人材","english":"talent, personnel","freqRank":4344,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sasaru","romaji":"sasaru","ja":"刺さる","english":"stick in; strike a chord","freqRank":4345,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shin-no","romaji":"shin no","ja":"真の","english":null,"freqRank":4346,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-doui","romaji":"doui","ja":"同意","english":"agreement, consent","freqRank":4347,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shussan","romaji":"shussan","ja":"出産","english":"give birth","freqRank":4348,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ninshiki","romaji":"ninshiki","ja":"認識","english":"recognition, awareness","freqRank":4350,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ukareru","romaji":"ukareru","ja":"浮かれる","english":"be in high spirits","freqRank":4350,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-teokure","romaji":"teokure","ja":"手遅れ","english":"too late","freqRank":4352,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-wadai-ni-naru","romaji":"wadai ni naru","ja":"話題になる","english":"become a hot topic","freqRank":4354,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-miryokuteki","romaji":"miryokuteki","ja":"魅力的","english":"attractive, charming","freqRank":4355,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-wakai-koro","romaji":"wakai koro","ja":"若い頃","english":"when one was young","freqRank":4356,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-atsumari","romaji":"atsumari","ja":"集まり","english":"gathering","freqRank":4357,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kawa","romaji":"kawa","ja":"皮","english":"skin, peel","freqRank":4358,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-orijinaru","romaji":"orijinaru","ja":"オリジナル","english":"original","freqRank":4360,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gakusei-jidai","romaji":"gakusei jidai","ja":"学生時代","english":"school days","freqRank":4365,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"失踪","ja":"失踪","english":null,"freqRank":4368,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-giri","romaji":"giri","ja":"義理","english":"obligation; in-law","freqRank":4369,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanigoto-mo","romaji":"nanigoto mo","ja":"何事も","english":"everything, anything","freqRank":4370,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hensai","romaji":"hensai","ja":"返済","english":"repayment; pay back","freqRank":4373,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitoribotchi","romaji":"hitoribotchi","ja":"独りぼっち","english":"all alone","freqRank":4375,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-onore","romaji":"onore","ja":"己","english":null,"freqRank":4378,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-otaku","romaji":"otaku","ja":"おたく","english":"geek, obsessive fan","freqRank":4379,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shikata-ga-nai","romaji":"shikata ga nai","ja":"しかたがない","english":null,"freqRank":4379,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-mamonaku","romaji":"mamonaku","ja":"まもなく","english":"shortly (announcements)","freqRank":4381,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tereru","romaji":"tereru","ja":"照れる","english":"be bashful, feel shy","freqRank":4382,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seijitsu","romaji":"seijitsu","ja":"誠実","english":"sincere","freqRank":4384,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nagabiku","romaji":"nagabiku","ja":"長引く","english":"drag on","freqRank":4385,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikanimo","romaji":"ikanimo","ja":"いかにも","english":"truly, typically","freqRank":4386,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omocha","romaji":"omocha","ja":"おもちゃ","english":"toy","freqRank":4387,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-erebeetaa","romaji":"erebeetaa","ja":"エレベーター","english":"lift, elevator","freqRank":4390,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shikumu","romaji":"shikumu","ja":"仕組む","english":null,"freqRank":4391,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-mabushii","romaji":"mabushii","ja":"まぶしい","english":"dazzling, too bright","freqRank":4394,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hanabi","romaji":"hanabi","ja":"花火","english":"fireworks","freqRank":4396,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kezuru","romaji":"kezuru","ja":"削る","english":"shave, cut back","freqRank":4398,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kenryoku","romaji":"kenryoku","ja":"権力","english":"power, authority","freqRank":4399,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-paato","romaji":"paato","ja":"パート","english":"part-time job; part","freqRank":4400,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-eriito","romaji":"eriito","ja":"エリート","english":"elite","freqRank":4401,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shiin","romaji":"shiin","ja":"死因","english":null,"freqRank":4402,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-tada-de-sae","romaji":"tada de sae","ja":"ただでさえ","english":"as it is already","freqRank":4403,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-imada","romaji":"imada","ja":"いまだ","english":null,"freqRank":4408,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-haken","romaji":"haken","ja":"派遣","english":"temp work; dispatch","freqRank":4409,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"自首","ja":"自首","english":null,"freqRank":4411,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kakotsukeru","romaji":"kakotsukeru","ja":"かこつける","english":null,"freqRank":4413,"score":1,"verdict":"rare","reason":"rare"},{"id":"cut-youdai","romaji":"youdai","ja":"容体","english":"(patient's) condition","freqRank":4415,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ainiku","romaji":"ainiku","ja":"あいにく","english":"unfortunately","freqRank":4416,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-rifujin","romaji":"rifujin","ja":"理不尽","english":"unreasonable, unfair","freqRank":4418,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ninmu","romaji":"ninmu","ja":"任務","english":null,"freqRank":4419,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-omise-suru","romaji":"omise suru","ja":"お見せする","english":null,"freqRank":4420,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kinniku","romaji":"kinniku","ja":"筋肉","english":"muscle","freqRank":4421,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-supesharu","romaji":"supesharu","ja":"スペシャル","english":"special","freqRank":4422,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hentai","romaji":"hentai","ja":"変態","english":"pervert, weirdo","freqRank":4422,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shinsei","romaji":"shinsei","ja":"申請","english":"application (paperwork); apply","freqRank":4424,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jinja","romaji":"jinja","ja":"神社","english":"shrine","freqRank":4425,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-otsukiai","romaji":"otsukiai","ja":"おつきあい","english":"socialising; dating","freqRank":4426,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-arawasu","romaji":"arawasu","ja":"表す","english":null,"freqRank":4429,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-yoku-mo","romaji":"yoku mo","ja":"よくも","english":null,"freqRank":4430,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kangei","romaji":"kangei","ja":"歓迎","english":"welcome","freqRank":4431,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nagameru","romaji":"nagameru","ja":"眺める","english":"gaze at, look out over","freqRank":4432,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kabu","romaji":"kabu","ja":"株","english":"stocks, shares","freqRank":4435,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dogeza","romaji":"dogeza","ja":"土下座","english":null,"freqRank":4436,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-you-wa","romaji":"you wa","ja":"要は","english":"the point is","freqRank":4438,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-itazura","romaji":"itazura","ja":"いたずら","english":"prank, mischief","freqRank":4439,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nasu","romaji":"nasu","ja":"なす","english":null,"freqRank":4440,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-misekakeru","romaji":"misekakeru","ja":"見せかける","english":null,"freqRank":4444,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-katamaru","romaji":"katamaru","ja":"固まる","english":"harden; freeze up","freqRank":4448,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"w-omoide-2","romaji":"omoide","ja":"思い出","english":"memory; memories","freqRank":4451,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Same word as omoide."},{"id":"cut-shuudan","romaji":"shuudan","ja":"集団","english":"group","freqRank":4452,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kobosu","romaji":"kobosu","ja":"こぼす","english":"spill; grumble","freqRank":4453,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakushigoto","romaji":"kakushigoto","ja":"隠し事","english":"something kept secret","freqRank":4454,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uragirimono","romaji":"uragirimono","ja":"裏切り者","english":"traitor","freqRank":4455,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bukken","romaji":"bukken","ja":"物件","english":"property (to rent)","freqRank":4458,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mazushii","romaji":"mazushii","ja":"貧しい","english":"poor","freqRank":4460,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-juunin","romaji":"juunin","ja":"住人","english":"resident","freqRank":4461,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-minuku","romaji":"minuku","ja":"見抜く","english":null,"freqRank":4462,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-taitei","romaji":"taitei","ja":"大抵","english":"usually, mostly","freqRank":4463,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shitei","romaji":"shitei","ja":"指定","english":"designate; reserved (seat)","freqRank":4465,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-haiyuu","romaji":"haiyuu","ja":"俳優","english":"actor","freqRank":4468,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kyaria","romaji":"kyaria","ja":"キャリア","english":"career","freqRank":4469,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tayorinai","romaji":"tayorinai","ja":"頼りない","english":"unreliable","freqRank":4470,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-misetsukeru","romaji":"misetsukeru","ja":"見せつける","english":null,"freqRank":4475,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kunren","romaji":"kunren","ja":"訓練","english":"training, drill","freqRank":4479,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shouki","romaji":"shouki","ja":"正気","english":"sanity","freqRank":4480,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fuseru","romaji":"fuseru","ja":"伏せる","english":null,"freqRank":4482,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kodawari","romaji":"kodawari","ja":"こだわり","english":"particularity, fixation","freqRank":4483,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fukusuu","romaji":"fukusuu","ja":"複数","english":"multiple","freqRank":4484,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kadai","romaji":"kadai","ja":"課題","english":"assignment, task","freqRank":4485,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kyuuyou","romaji":"kyuuyou","ja":"急用","english":"urgent business","freqRank":4490,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ayamachi","romaji":"ayamachi","ja":"過ち","english":null,"freqRank":4491,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-massaki-ni","romaji":"massaki ni","ja":"真っ先に","english":"first thing, first of all","freqRank":4492,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanbaa","romaji":"nanbaa","ja":"ナンバー","english":"number (plate)","freqRank":4493,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tasu","romaji":"tasu","ja":"足す","english":"add","freqRank":4495,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-pantsu","romaji":"pantsu","ja":"パンツ","english":"underwear; trousers","freqRank":4496,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ochiiru","romaji":"ochiiru","ja":"陥る","english":null,"freqRank":4497,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-sumaseru","romaji":"sumaseru","ja":"済ませる","english":"get done, finish","freqRank":4501,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hadaka","romaji":"hadaka","ja":"裸","english":"naked","freqRank":4502,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kitchin","romaji":"kitchin","ja":"キッチン","english":"kitchen","freqRank":4503,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yarasu","romaji":"yarasu","ja":"やらす","english":null,"freqRank":4504,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kaijo","romaji":"kaijo","ja":"解除","english":"cancel, unlock, lift","freqRank":4505,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jikkou","romaji":"jikkou","ja":"実行","english":"carry out","freqRank":4506,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gazou","romaji":"gazou","ja":"画像","english":"image, picture","freqRank":4507,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-osanai","romaji":"osanai","ja":"幼い","english":"very young, childish","freqRank":4509,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shimin","romaji":"shimin","ja":"市民","english":"citizen","freqRank":4511,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tayori-ni-suru","romaji":"tayori ni suru","ja":"頼りにする","english":"rely on","freqRank":4513,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mijika","romaji":"mijika","ja":"身近","english":"close to home, familiar","freqRank":4514,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hoken","romaji":"hoken","ja":"保険","english":"insurance","freqRank":4515,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ichininmae","romaji":"ichininmae","ja":"一人前","english":"one serving; fully-fledged","freqRank":4516,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsuremodosu","romaji":"tsuremodosu","ja":"連れ戻す","english":null,"freqRank":4517,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-to-yara","romaji":"to yara","ja":"とやら","english":null,"freqRank":4519,"score":1,"verdict":"rare","reason":"rare"},{"id":"cut-oboreru","romaji":"oboreru","ja":"溺れる","english":"drown","freqRank":4520,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shosen","romaji":"shosen","ja":"所詮","english":"after all, in the end","freqRank":4522,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shinchou","romaji":"shinchou","ja":"身長","english":"height","freqRank":4523,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nigiyaka","romaji":"nigiyaka","ja":"にぎやか","english":"lively, bustling","freqRank":4527,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-soroeru","romaji":"soroeru","ja":"そろえる","english":"gather, match up","freqRank":4529,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kyoumi-o-motsu","romaji":"kyoumi o motsu","ja":"興味を持つ","english":"get interested in","freqRank":4531,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-baiku","romaji":"baiku","ja":"バイク","english":"motorbike","freqRank":4535,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sorotte","romaji":"sorotte","ja":"そろって","english":"all together","freqRank":4536,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nyuushu","romaji":"nyuushu","ja":"入手","english":"obtain, get hold of","freqRank":4540,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-furumau","romaji":"furumau","ja":"振る舞う","english":"behave; treat (to food)","freqRank":4542,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nan-to-shite-mo","romaji":"nan to shite mo","ja":"何としても","english":"no matter what","freqRank":4543,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ja-nee","romaji":"ja nee","ja":"じゃねぇ","english":null,"freqRank":4544,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-keika","romaji":"keika","ja":"経過","english":"passage of time, progress","freqRank":4545,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yamai","romaji":"yamai","ja":"病","english":null,"freqRank":4547,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shitau","romaji":"shitau","ja":"慕う","english":null,"freqRank":4550,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"阻止","ja":"阻止","english":null,"freqRank":4553,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-ketsuatsu","romaji":"ketsuatsu","ja":"血圧","english":"blood pressure","freqRank":4554,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shufu","romaji":"shufu","ja":"主婦","english":"housewife","freqRank":4555,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaisai","romaji":"kaisai","ja":"開催","english":"hold (an event)","freqRank":4558,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-renraku-ga-toreru","romaji":"renraku ga toreru","ja":"連絡が取れる","english":"be able to reach someone","freqRank":4561,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ieru","romaji":"ieru","ja":"いえる","english":null,"freqRank":4562,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-yaritori","romaji":"yaritori","ja":"やり取り","english":"exchange (of messages)","freqRank":4563,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikikaeru","romaji":"ikikaeru","ja":"生き返る","english":"revive, feel refreshed","freqRank":4564,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-pen","romaji":"pen","ja":"ペン","english":"pen","freqRank":4565,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hoomupeeji","romaji":"hoomupeeji","ja":"ホームページ","english":"website","freqRank":4568,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-joutou","romaji":"joutou","ja":"上等","english":"first-rate; bring it on","freqRank":4569,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-soosu","romaji":"soosu","ja":"ソース","english":"sauce","freqRank":4572,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-moriageru","romaji":"moriageru","ja":"盛り上げる","english":"liven up (a party)","freqRank":4574,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-giwaku","romaji":"giwaku","ja":"疑惑","english":"suspicion, allegation","freqRank":4577,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tassei","romaji":"tassei","ja":"達成","english":"achieve","freqRank":4578,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-houshuu","romaji":"houshuu","ja":"報酬","english":"reward, fee","freqRank":4579,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gentei","romaji":"gentei","ja":"限定","english":"limited (edition, time)","freqRank":4584,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sugee","romaji":"sugee","ja":"すげぇ","english":null,"freqRank":4587,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-katameru","romaji":"katameru","ja":"固める","english":"harden, firm up","freqRank":4589,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kizukau","romaji":"kizukau","ja":"気遣う","english":"be considerate of","freqRank":4590,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-attouteki","romaji":"attouteki","ja":"圧倒的","english":"overwhelming","freqRank":4591,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sennen","romaji":"sennen","ja":"専念","english":"devote oneself to","freqRank":4592,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-aishou","romaji":"aishou","ja":"相性","english":"compatibility","freqRank":4593,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-moshiya","romaji":"moshiya","ja":"もしや","english":null,"freqRank":4594,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shounin","romaji":"shounin","ja":"証人","english":null,"freqRank":4596,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-keshou","romaji":"keshou","ja":"化粧","english":"makeup; put on makeup","freqRank":4597,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-torihikisaki","romaji":"torihikisaki","ja":"取引先","english":"client, business partner","freqRank":4599,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-asai","romaji":"asai","ja":"浅い","english":"shallow","freqRank":4600,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-odoroki","romaji":"odoroki","ja":"驚き","english":"surprise","freqRank":4601,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hiromaru","romaji":"hiromaru","ja":"広まる","english":"spread (news)","freqRank":4603,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shiageru","romaji":"shiageru","ja":"仕上げる","english":"finish off","freqRank":4605,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-suitchi","romaji":"suitchi","ja":"スイッチ","english":"switch","freqRank":4606,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-eiyou","romaji":"eiyou","ja":"栄養","english":"nutrition","freqRank":4609,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-houchou","romaji":"houchou","ja":"包丁","english":"kitchen knife","freqRank":4611,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omoishiru","romaji":"omoishiru","ja":"思い知る","english":null,"freqRank":4613,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-tama","romaji":"tama","ja":"たま","english":null,"freqRank":4614,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-jinrui","romaji":"jinrui","ja":"人類","english":"humanity","freqRank":4615,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-umai-koto","romaji":"umai koto","ja":"うまいこと","english":"cleverly, nicely","freqRank":4616,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kenshuu","romaji":"kenshuu","ja":"研修","english":"job training","freqRank":4618,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mokugekisha","romaji":"mokugekisha","ja":"目撃者","english":"witness","freqRank":4620,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-torakku","romaji":"torakku","ja":"トラック","english":"truck","freqRank":4621,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-arekore","romaji":"arekore","ja":"あれこれ","english":"this and that","freqRank":4622,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nihonichi","romaji":"nihon'ichi","ja":"日本一","english":"best in Japan","freqRank":4625,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-burei","romaji":"burei","ja":"無礼","english":"rude","freqRank":4626,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hakki","romaji":"hakki","ja":"発揮","english":"show (one's ability)","freqRank":4627,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanishiro","romaji":"nanishiro","ja":"何しろ","english":"anyway, at any rate","freqRank":4628,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-adana","romaji":"adana","ja":"あだ名","english":"nickname","freqRank":4629,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-doko-made-mo","romaji":"doko made mo","ja":"どこまでも","english":"endlessly, anywhere","freqRank":4631,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bunka","romaji":"bunka","ja":"文化","english":"culture","freqRank":4632,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ikusa","romaji":"ikusa","ja":"戦","english":null,"freqRank":4634,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-fujiyuu","romaji":"fujiyuu","ja":"不自由","english":"inconvenient, lacking","freqRank":4635,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-roujin","romaji":"roujin","ja":"老人","english":"old person","freqRank":4636,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bosu","romaji":"bosu","ja":"ボス","english":"boss","freqRank":4637,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-atama-o-sageru","romaji":"atama o sageru","ja":"頭を下げる","english":"bow; apologise humbly","freqRank":4639,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-denaosu","romaji":"denaosu","ja":"出直す","english":"come back later; start over","freqRank":4641,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sutajio","romaji":"sutajio","ja":"スタジオ","english":"studio","freqRank":4642,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bakku","romaji":"bakku","ja":"バック","english":"back; reverse (a car)","freqRank":4644,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nozoku","romaji":"nozoku","ja":"のぞく","english":"peek, look in","freqRank":4645,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gaibu","romaji":"gaibu","ja":"外部","english":"outside, external","freqRank":4649,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsutomaru","romaji":"tsutomaru","ja":"務まる","english":null,"freqRank":4650,"score":2,"verdict":"rare","reason":"rare"},{"id":"cut-shoo","romaji":"shoo","ja":"ショー","english":"show","freqRank":4651,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koko-n-toko","romaji":"koko n toko","ja":"ここんとこ","english":"lately, these days","freqRank":4652,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kakudo","romaji":"kakudo","ja":"角度","english":"angle","freqRank":4654,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-motarasu","romaji":"motarasu","ja":"もたらす","english":null,"freqRank":4656,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-otagai-ni","romaji":"otagai ni","ja":"お互いに","english":"mutually, each other","freqRank":4657,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsukiotosu","romaji":"tsukiotosu","ja":"突き落とす","english":null,"freqRank":4659,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-henshuu","romaji":"henshuu","ja":"編集","english":"editing; edit","freqRank":4660,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kyouki","romaji":"kyouki","ja":"凶器","english":null,"freqRank":4661,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-hatsubai","romaji":"hatsubai","ja":"発売","english":"release, go on sale","freqRank":4662,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-akanbou","romaji":"akanbou","ja":"赤ん坊","english":"baby","freqRank":4663,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kore-kara-saki","romaji":"kore kara saki","ja":"これから先","english":null,"freqRank":4670,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-honoo","romaji":"honoo","ja":"炎","english":"flame","freqRank":4672,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nanraka","romaji":"nanraka","ja":"何らか","english":null,"freqRank":4673,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-zengo","romaji":"zengo","ja":"前後","english":"around; before and after","freqRank":4675,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-taiketsu","romaji":"taiketsu","ja":"対決","english":"showdown, face off","freqRank":4676,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-takasa","romaji":"takasa","ja":"高さ","english":"height","freqRank":4682,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hakai","romaji":"hakai","ja":"破壊","english":"destruction; destroy","freqRank":4685,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-poozu","romaji":"poozu","ja":"ポーズ","english":"pose","freqRank":4686,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yashiki","romaji":"yashiki","ja":"屋敷","english":null,"freqRank":4688,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-sarariiman","romaji":"sarariiman","ja":"サラリーマン","english":"office worker","freqRank":4690,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitode","romaji":"hitode","ja":"人手","english":"hands, staff","freqRank":4691,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hakaru","romaji":"hakaru","ja":"図る","english":null,"freqRank":4692,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kitaku","romaji":"kitaku","ja":"帰宅","english":"get home (formal)","freqRank":4693,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shinbou","romaji":"shinbou","ja":"辛抱","english":"patience; endure","freqRank":4694,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mainasu","romaji":"mainasu","ja":"マイナス","english":"minus; a minus","freqRank":4696,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mou-sukoshi-de","romaji":"mou sukoshi de","ja":"もう少しで","english":"almost, nearly","freqRank":4697,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tettei","romaji":"tettei","ja":"徹底","english":"thoroughness; be thorough","freqRank":4698,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-furii","romaji":"furii","ja":"フリー","english":"free; freelance","freqRank":4699,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tayori","romaji":"tayori","ja":"頼り","english":"someone to rely on","freqRank":4701,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kouji","romaji":"kouji","ja":"工事","english":"construction work, roadworks","freqRank":4702,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shotaimen","romaji":"shotaimen","ja":"初対面","english":"first meeting","freqRank":4703,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsugou-no-ii","romaji":"tsugou no ii","ja":"都合のいい","english":"convenient; self-serving","freqRank":4704,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitomae","romaji":"hitomae","ja":"人前","english":"in public","freqRank":4705,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuunyuu","romaji":"shuunyuu","ja":"収入","english":"income","freqRank":4708,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nyuusha","romaji":"nyuusha","ja":"入社","english":"join a company","freqRank":4711,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-higeki","romaji":"higeki","ja":"悲劇","english":"tragedy","freqRank":4713,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hari","romaji":"hari","ja":"針","english":"needle","freqRank":4715,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dou-dai","romaji":"dou dai","ja":"どうだい","english":null,"freqRank":4715,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-sarau","romaji":"sarau","ja":"さらう","english":null,"freqRank":4717,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-aware","romaji":"aware","ja":"哀れ","english":null,"freqRank":4720,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-wana","romaji":"wana","ja":"わな","english":"trap","freqRank":4721,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-aribai","romaji":"aribai","ja":"アリバイ","english":null,"freqRank":4724,"score":1,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-yarinaoshi","romaji":"yarinaoshi","ja":"やり直し","english":"redo, fresh start","freqRank":4725,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsutome","romaji":"tsutome","ja":"務め","english":null,"freqRank":4726,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-shitsuren","romaji":"shitsuren","ja":"失恋","english":"heartbreak; get dumped","freqRank":4728,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ihou","romaji":"ihou","ja":"違法","english":"illegal","freqRank":4730,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tenshi","romaji":"tenshi","ja":"天使","english":"angel","freqRank":4732,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hanashiai","romaji":"hanashiai","ja":"話し合い","english":"discussion","freqRank":4734,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-osoroi","romaji":"osoroi","ja":"おそろい","english":"matching","freqRank":4735,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shokuzai","romaji":"shokuzai","ja":"食材","english":"ingredients","freqRank":4737,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-futoi","romaji":"futoi","ja":"太い","english":"thick, fat","freqRank":4740,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-konbi","romaji":"konbi","ja":"コンビ","english":"duo, pair","freqRank":4742,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-soukyuu","romaji":"soukyuu","ja":"早急","english":null,"freqRank":4743,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-dairi","romaji":"dairi","ja":"代理","english":"proxy, stand-in","freqRank":4744,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kawaii","romaji":"kawaii","ja":"カワイイ","english":null,"freqRank":4746,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tenka","romaji":"tenka","ja":"天下","english":null,"freqRank":4747,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-umarete-hajimete","romaji":"umarete hajimete","ja":"生まれて初めて","english":"first time in my life","freqRank":4748,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gouryuu","romaji":"gouryuu","ja":"合流","english":"join up (with others)","freqRank":4754,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omoi-doori","romaji":"omoi doori","ja":"思いどおり","english":"as one wishes","freqRank":4755,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-maboroshi","romaji":"maboroshi","ja":"幻","english":null,"freqRank":4756,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-burakku","romaji":"burakku","ja":"ブラック","english":"black; exploitative","freqRank":4757,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hisoka","romaji":"hisoka","ja":"ひそか","english":null,"freqRank":4761,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-torikumu","romaji":"torikumu","ja":"取り組む","english":"work on, tackle","freqRank":4762,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-zentei","romaji":"zentei","ja":"前提","english":"premise, assumption","freqRank":4763,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bousou","romaji":"bousou","ja":"暴走","english":"run out of control","freqRank":4764,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tousho","romaji":"tousho","ja":"当初","english":"at first, originally","freqRank":4765,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nyuugaku","romaji":"nyuugaku","ja":"入学","english":"enter a school","freqRank":4768,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dekiagaru","romaji":"dekiagaru","ja":"出来上がる","english":"be finished, be ready","freqRank":4769,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koishii","romaji":"koishii","ja":"恋しい","english":"missed, longed for","freqRank":4771,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-norikiru","romaji":"norikiru","ja":"乗り切る","english":"get through, pull through","freqRank":4772,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-doresu","romaji":"doresu","ja":"ドレス","english":"dress","freqRank":4773,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kamu","romaji":"kamu","ja":"かむ","english":"bite, chew; fluff words","freqRank":4775,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omiai","romaji":"omiai","ja":"お見合い","english":"arranged marriage meeting","freqRank":4776,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koukou-jidai","romaji":"koukou jidai","ja":"高校時代","english":"high school days","freqRank":4777,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-haneru","romaji":"haneru","ja":"はねる","english":null,"freqRank":4781,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kemuri","romaji":"kemuri","ja":"煙","english":"smoke","freqRank":4782,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tobioriru","romaji":"tobioriru","ja":"飛び降りる","english":null,"freqRank":4783,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-bikkuri-shita","romaji":"bikkuri shita","ja":"ビックリした","english":null,"freqRank":4785,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-tan-ni","romaji":"tan ni","ja":"単に","english":"simply, merely","freqRank":4787,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-naritatsu","romaji":"naritatsu","ja":"成り立つ","english":null,"freqRank":4788,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-tadoru","romaji":"tadoru","ja":"たどる","english":null,"freqRank":4789,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-yatte-kuru","romaji":"yatte kuru","ja":"やってくる","english":"come along, show up","freqRank":4790,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hoka-ni-mo","romaji":"hoka ni mo","ja":"ほかにも","english":null,"freqRank":4791,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-monogoto","romaji":"monogoto","ja":"物事","english":"things, matters","freqRank":4793,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-daburu","romaji":"daburu","ja":"ダブル","english":"double","freqRank":4795,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuugyou","romaji":"shuugyou","ja":"修業","english":"training, apprenticeship","freqRank":4796,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaishou","romaji":"kaishou","ja":"解消","english":"relieve, get rid of","freqRank":4800,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fukusou","romaji":"fukusou","ja":"服装","english":"outfit, attire","freqRank":4801,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kanawanai","romaji":"kanawanai","ja":"かなわない","english":"no match for; can't stand","freqRank":4805,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tantei","romaji":"tantei","ja":"探偵","english":"detective","freqRank":4806,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-uketsuke","romaji":"uketsuke","ja":"受付","english":"reception desk","freqRank":4807,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ichijiteki","romaji":"ichijiteki","ja":"一時的","english":"temporary","freqRank":4808,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"w-mazui","romaji":"mazui","ja":"まずい","english":"bad (trouble); not good; tastes bad","freqRank":4809,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Same word as mazui."},{"id":"cut-ima-ni-natte","romaji":"ima ni natte","ja":"今になって","english":"only now, this late","freqRank":4811,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shinsa","romaji":"shinsa","ja":"審査","english":"screening, judging","freqRank":4813,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hinpan","romaji":"hinpan","ja":"頻繁","english":"frequent","freqRank":4815,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-maneejaa","romaji":"maneejaa","ja":"マネージャー","english":"manager","freqRank":4817,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mikomu","romaji":"mikomu","ja":"見込む","english":null,"freqRank":4819,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-tachiau","romaji":"tachiau","ja":"立ち会う","english":"be present at","freqRank":4821,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shina","romaji":"shina","ja":"品","english":"goods, item","freqRank":4822,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-akari","romaji":"akari","ja":"明かり","english":"light","freqRank":4823,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yotei-doori","romaji":"yotei doori","ja":"予定どおり","english":"as planned","freqRank":4824,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-suisoku","romaji":"suisoku","ja":"推測","english":"guess, conjecture","freqRank":4826,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kiwamete","romaji":"kiwamete","ja":"極めて","english":null,"freqRank":4828,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-byoushitsu","romaji":"byoushitsu","ja":"病室","english":"hospital room","freqRank":4831,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-amayakasu","romaji":"amayakasu","ja":"甘やかす","english":"spoil (a child)","freqRank":4834,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-takara","romaji":"takara","ja":"宝","english":"treasure","freqRank":4837,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nan-dai","romaji":"nan dai","ja":"何だい","english":null,"freqRank":4839,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-ooini","romaji":"ooini","ja":"大いに","english":null,"freqRank":4841,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-meekaa","romaji":"meekaa","ja":"メーカー","english":"manufacturer","freqRank":4843,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sozai","romaji":"sozai","ja":"素材","english":"material","freqRank":4844,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-wake-de-wa-arimasen","romaji":"wake de wa arimasen","ja":"わけではありません","english":null,"freqRank":4845,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kudoku","romaji":"kudoku","ja":"口説く","english":"hit on, chat up","freqRank":4846,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koonaa","romaji":"koonaa","ja":"コーナー","english":"corner, section","freqRank":4848,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hogosha","romaji":"hogosha","ja":"保護者","english":"parent, guardian","freqRank":4850,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kyou-no-tokoro-wa","romaji":"kyou no tokoro wa","ja":"今日のところは","english":null,"freqRank":4851,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-sonchou","romaji":"sonchou","ja":"尊重","english":"respect (wishes, views)","freqRank":4854,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yomigaeru","romaji":"yomigaeru","ja":"よみがえる","english":null,"freqRank":4856,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-okazu","romaji":"okazu","ja":"おかず","english":"side dish","freqRank":4859,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kouun","romaji":"kouun","ja":"幸運","english":"good luck","freqRank":4863,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kuukou","romaji":"kuukou","ja":"空港","english":"airport","freqRank":4864,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seinen","romaji":"seinen","ja":"青年","english":"young man","freqRank":4865,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-teishi","romaji":"teishi","ja":"停止","english":"stop, suspension","freqRank":4866,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-bukatsu","romaji":"bukatsu","ja":"部活","english":"school club","freqRank":4867,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-heiki-de","romaji":"heiki de","ja":"平気で","english":"without a second thought","freqRank":4872,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tenshoku","romaji":"tenshoku","ja":"転職","english":"change jobs","freqRank":4875,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dezaato","romaji":"dezaato","ja":"デザート","english":"dessert","freqRank":4876,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kokyou","romaji":"kokyou","ja":"故郷","english":"hometown","freqRank":4878,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jojo-ni","romaji":"jojo ni","ja":"徐々に","english":"gradually","freqRank":4879,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tousan","romaji":"tousan","ja":"倒産","english":"go bankrupt","freqRank":4881,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-choi","romaji":"choi","ja":"ちょい","english":null,"freqRank":4882,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-kissaten","romaji":"kissaten","ja":"喫茶店","english":"coffee shop","freqRank":4883,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaizen","romaji":"kaizen","ja":"改善","english":"improvement; improve","freqRank":4884,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omo-ni","romaji":"omo ni","ja":"主に","english":"mainly","freqRank":4885,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsumi-o-okasu","romaji":"tsumi o okasu","ja":"罪を犯す","english":null,"freqRank":4886,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-shiriizu","romaji":"shiriizu","ja":"シリーズ","english":"series","freqRank":4887,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-riakushon","romaji":"riakushon","ja":"リアクション","english":"reaction","freqRank":4888,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nante-koto","romaji":"nante koto","ja":"何てこと","english":null,"freqRank":4890,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-nakya-ikenai","romaji":"nakya ikenai","ja":"なきゃいけない","english":null,"freqRank":4891,"score":5,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-narasu","romaji":"narasu","ja":"鳴らす","english":"ring, sound","freqRank":4892,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-karappo","romaji":"karappo","ja":"空っぽ","english":"empty","freqRank":4894,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sagashidasu","romaji":"sagashidasu","ja":"捜し出す","english":null,"freqRank":4895,"score":2,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-nagaiki","romaji":"nagaiki","ja":"長生き","english":"live long","freqRank":4896,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-juujitsu","romaji":"juujitsu","ja":"充実","english":"fulfilling, full (life, days)","freqRank":4898,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-saisei","romaji":"saisei","ja":"再生","english":"playback; views","freqRank":4899,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ketteiteki","romaji":"ketteiteki","ja":"決定的","english":"decisive","freqRank":4900,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-matomaru","romaji":"matomaru","ja":"まとまる","english":"come together, be settled","freqRank":4903,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tomato","romaji":"tomato","ja":"トマト","english":"tomato","freqRank":4904,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-teguchi","romaji":"teguchi","ja":"手口","english":null,"freqRank":4905,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-mikiwameru","romaji":"mikiwameru","ja":"見極める","english":null,"freqRank":4906,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-nan-to-iu","romaji":"nan to iu","ja":"何という","english":null,"freqRank":4907,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-bukkorosu","romaji":"bukkorosu","ja":"ぶっ殺す","english":null,"freqRank":4908,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-shinten","romaji":"shinten","ja":"進展","english":"progress, development","freqRank":4911,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kumo","romaji":"kumo","ja":"雲","english":"cloud","freqRank":4913,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sunmasen","romaji":"sunmasen","ja":"すんません","english":null,"freqRank":4914,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-borantia","romaji":"borantia","ja":"ボランティア","english":"volunteer","freqRank":4915,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hihan","romaji":"hihan","ja":"批判","english":"criticism; criticise","freqRank":4916,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-de-arou","romaji":"de arou","ja":"であろう","english":null,"freqRank":4918,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-chikayoru","romaji":"chikayoru","ja":"近寄る","english":"come near","freqRank":4921,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koushin","romaji":"koushin","ja":"更新","english":"renewal; update","freqRank":4922,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"逃走","ja":"逃走","english":null,"freqRank":4926,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-shoutengai","romaji":"shoutengai","ja":"商店街","english":"shopping street","freqRank":4928,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-miruku","romaji":"miruku","ja":"ミルク","english":"milk","freqRank":4930,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kureemu","romaji":"kureemu","ja":"クレーム","english":"complaint","freqRank":4931,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ongaeshi","romaji":"ongaeshi","ja":"恩返し","english":"repaying a kindness","freqRank":4932,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-buta","romaji":"buta","ja":"豚","english":"pig","freqRank":4933,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-konyaku","romaji":"kon'yaku","ja":"婚約","english":"engagement","freqRank":4937,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-furikomu","romaji":"furikomu","ja":"振り込む","english":"pay by bank transfer","freqRank":4938,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gesuto","romaji":"gesuto","ja":"ゲスト","english":"guest","freqRank":4939,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-jisseki","romaji":"jisseki","ja":"実績","english":"track record","freqRank":4942,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shukketsu","romaji":"shukketsu","ja":"出血","english":"bleeding","freqRank":4944,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kizamu","romaji":"kizamu","ja":"刻む","english":"chop finely","freqRank":4945,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"突入","ja":"突入","english":null,"freqRank":4946,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-unei","romaji":"un'ei","ja":"運営","english":"running, management (of service)","freqRank":4947,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mikomi","romaji":"mikomi","ja":"見込み","english":"prospect, expectation","freqRank":4948,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-giin","romaji":"giin","ja":"議員","english":"politician, assembly member","freqRank":4949,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-damasu","romaji":"damasu","ja":"騙す","english":"trick, deceive","freqRank":4950,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-moto-wa","romaji":"moto wa","ja":"元は","english":"originally","freqRank":4952,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-te-o-hiku","romaji":"te o hiku","ja":"手を引く","english":null,"freqRank":4953,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kimono","romaji":"kimono","ja":"着物","english":"kimono","freqRank":4954,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kossetsu","romaji":"kossetsu","ja":"骨折","english":"broken bone","freqRank":4956,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-daiseikou","romaji":"daiseikou","ja":"大成功","english":"great success","freqRank":4957,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tedasuke","romaji":"tedasuke","ja":"手助け","english":"help","freqRank":4958,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-izoku","romaji":"izoku","ja":"遺族","english":"bereaved family","freqRank":4959,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"就任","ja":"就任","english":null,"freqRank":4960,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-ketsueki","romaji":"ketsueki","ja":"血液","english":"blood","freqRank":4963,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kuchidashi","romaji":"kuchidashi","ja":"口出し","english":"butt in, meddle","freqRank":4964,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tokeru","romaji":"tokeru","ja":"溶ける","english":"melt","freqRank":4965,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-joshikousei","romaji":"joshikousei","ja":"女子高生","english":"high-school girl","freqRank":4968,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-supeesu","romaji":"supeesu","ja":"スペース","english":"space, room","freqRank":4973,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hashagu","romaji":"hashagu","ja":"はしゃぐ","english":"get excited, play around","freqRank":4974,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sumai","romaji":"sumai","ja":"住まい","english":"residence, home","freqRank":4975,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-michiru","romaji":"michiru","ja":"満ちる","english":null,"freqRank":4977,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-goutou","romaji":"goutou","ja":"強盗","english":"robbery, robber","freqRank":4979,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-soudou","romaji":"soudou","ja":"騒動","english":"commotion, scandal","freqRank":4982,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-mon","romaji":"mon","ja":"門","english":"gate","freqRank":4983,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-posuto","romaji":"posuto","ja":"ポスト","english":"postbox","freqRank":4984,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ni-okeru","romaji":"ni okeru","ja":"における","english":null,"freqRank":4985,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-nikushimi","romaji":"nikushimi","ja":"憎しみ","english":null,"freqRank":4986,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-setsu","romaji":"setsu","ja":"説","english":"theory","freqRank":4987,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-geinoujin","romaji":"geinoujin","ja":"芸能人","english":"TV celebrity","freqRank":4988,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yosoku","romaji":"yosoku","ja":"予測","english":"prediction; predict","freqRank":4989,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"関与","ja":"関与","english":null,"freqRank":4990,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-seifu","romaji":"seifu","ja":"政府","english":"government","freqRank":4991,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-daidokoro","romaji":"daidokoro","ja":"台所","english":"kitchen","freqRank":4992,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-umaru","romaji":"umaru","ja":"埋まる","english":"fill up; be buried","freqRank":4995,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tewake","romaji":"tewake","ja":"手分け","english":"split up the work","freqRank":4996,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-furimuku","romaji":"furimuku","ja":"振り向く","english":"turn around","freqRank":4997,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-koutsuu-jiko","romaji":"koutsuu jiko","ja":"交通事故","english":"traffic accident","freqRank":4998,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-heiten","romaji":"heiten","ja":"閉店","english":"closing (a shop)","freqRank":5001,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"告発","ja":"告発","english":null,"freqRank":5003,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-shinnen","romaji":"shinnen","ja":"信念","english":"belief, conviction","freqRank":5004,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-yakuin","romaji":"yakuin","ja":"役員","english":"executive, board member","freqRank":5006,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fudousan","romaji":"fudousan","ja":"不動産","english":"real estate (agency)","freqRank":5008,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hakaru","romaji":"hakaru","ja":"測る","english":"measure, take (temperature)","freqRank":5009,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-to-itta","romaji":"to itta","ja":"といった","english":null,"freqRank":5010,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-tazuneru","romaji":"tazuneru","ja":"尋ねる","english":"ask (polite)","freqRank":5012,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-daikoubutsu","romaji":"daikoubutsu","ja":"大好物","english":"favourite food","freqRank":5018,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-oogoe","romaji":"oogoe","ja":"大声","english":"loud voice","freqRank":5023,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shiteki","romaji":"shiteki","ja":"指摘","english":"point out","freqRank":5025,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-ouchi","romaji":"ouchi","ja":"お家","english":null,"freqRank":5026,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"発覚","ja":"発覚","english":null,"freqRank":5027,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-sasuga-wa","romaji":"sasuga wa","ja":"さすがは","english":null,"freqRank":5028,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-aru-toki","romaji":"aru toki","ja":"ある時","english":"once, one day","freqRank":5030,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-omosa","romaji":"omosa","ja":"重さ","english":"weight","freqRank":5032,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hitochigai","romaji":"hitochigai","ja":"人違い","english":"mistaken identity","freqRank":5035,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-fukuramu","romaji":"fukuramu","ja":"膨らむ","english":"swell, expand","freqRank":5037,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-seibun","romaji":"seibun","ja":"成分","english":"ingredient, component","freqRank":5041,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-chie","romaji":"chie","ja":"知恵","english":"wisdom, ideas","freqRank":5042,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kaiken","romaji":"kaiken","ja":"会見","english":"press conference","freqRank":5043,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-nakereba-narimasen","romaji":"nakereba narimasen","ja":"なければなりません","english":null,"freqRank":5044,"score":3,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-shuukanshi","romaji":"shuukanshi","ja":"週刊誌","english":"weekly (tabloid) magazine","freqRank":5045,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-dokuji","romaji":"dokuji","ja":"独自","english":"original, one's own","freqRank":5047,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-aree","romaji":"aree","ja":"あれー","english":null,"freqRank":5048,"score":4,"verdict":"covered","reason":"covered"},{"id":"cut-inchou","romaji":"inchou","ja":"院長","english":"hospital director","freqRank":5049,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-juumin","romaji":"juumin","ja":"住民","english":"residents","freqRank":5050,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-manugareru","romaji":"manugareru","ja":"免れる","english":null,"freqRank":5051,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-ikinobiru","romaji":"ikinobiru","ja":"生き延びる","english":null,"freqRank":5052,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-hikikaesu","romaji":"hikikaesu","ja":"引き返す","english":"turn back","freqRank":5053,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tsukisou","romaji":"tsukisou","ja":"付き添う","english":"accompany, stay with","freqRank":5054,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-haeru","romaji":"haeru","ja":"生える","english":"grow (hair, plants)","freqRank":5055,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hikyou","romaji":"hikyou","ja":"卑怯","english":"unfair, cowardly","freqRank":5056,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-torikesu","romaji":"torikesu","ja":"取り消す","english":"cancel, take back","freqRank":5057,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-inochigake","romaji":"inochigake","ja":"命懸け","english":"life-or-death","freqRank":5058,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sougi","romaji":"sougi","ja":"葬儀","english":"funeral","freqRank":5059,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shochi","romaji":"shochi","ja":"処置","english":"treatment, measures","freqRank":5060,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kekkateki-ni","romaji":"kekkateki ni","ja":"結果的に","english":"as it turned out","freqRank":5062,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kara-ni-suru","romaji":"kara ni suru","ja":"からにする","english":null,"freqRank":5063,"score":2,"verdict":"rare","reason":"rare"},{"id":"cut-toraeru","romaji":"toraeru","ja":"捉える","english":null,"freqRank":5064,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-seiji","romaji":"seiji","ja":"政治","english":"politics","freqRank":5066,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-tokusei","romaji":"tokusei","ja":"特製","english":"specially made","freqRank":5067,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hikikae","romaji":"hikikae","ja":"引き換え","english":"exchange (for)","freqRank":5068,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-keikan","romaji":"keikan","ja":"警官","english":"police officer","freqRank":5069,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-sonna-baka-na","romaji":"sonna baka na","ja":"そんなバカな","english":null,"freqRank":5070,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"cut-kokoro-no-soko","romaji":"kokoro no soko","ja":"心の底","english":null,"freqRank":5072,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-supai","romaji":"supai","ja":"スパイ","english":"spy","freqRank":5076,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-shuuchaku","romaji":"shuuchaku","ja":"執着","english":"attachment, obsession","freqRank":5077,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-kobamu","romaji":"kobamu","ja":"拒む","english":null,"freqRank":5078,"score":1,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-kouken","romaji":"kouken","ja":"貢献","english":"contribution; contribute","freqRank":5080,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-hajime-kara","romaji":"hajime kara","ja":"初めから","english":"from the start","freqRank":5082,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gasu","romaji":"gasu","ja":"ガス","english":"gas","freqRank":5084,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-harasu","romaji":"harasu","ja":"晴らす","english":null,"freqRank":5085,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-sashidasu","romaji":"sashidasu","ja":"差し出す","english":null,"freqRank":5086,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-jinji","romaji":"jinji","ja":"人事","english":"HR, personnel","freqRank":5087,"score":3,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 3 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-x","romaji":"検出","ja":"検出","english":null,"freqRank":5088,"score":2,"verdict":"bookish","reason":"bookish"},{"id":"cut-mibun","romaji":"mibun","ja":"身分","english":"status, identity","freqRank":5089,"score":2,"verdict":"less-common","reason":"Judged 2 of 5 for everyday use."},{"id":"cut-gisei-ni-naru","romaji":"gisei ni naru","ja":"犠牲になる","english":null,"freqRank":5092,"score":2,"verdict":"drama","reason":"drama"},{"id":"w-batchiri-2","romaji":"batchiri","ja":"ばっちり","english":"perfectly; all set; spot on","freqRank":5678,"score":4,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of w-batchiri (same word, same example junbi wa batchiri da yo)."},{"id":"cut-mukae","romaji":"mukae","ja":"迎え","english":"picking someone up","freqRank":8575,"score":3,"verdict":"dropped","reason":"Duplicate of お迎え (same word without the polite o-); the bare form is covered in its notes."}]}